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Biology Today and Tomorrow With Physiology 4Th Edition Starr Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Biology Today and Tomorrow With Physiology 4Th Edition Starr Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Biology Today and Tomorrow With Physiology 4Th Edition Starr Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
MULTIPLE CHOICE
158 Biotechnology
8. Which of the following sequences is e. RNA polymerase.
recognized by the restriction enzyme EcoRI? ANS: D PTS: 1
a. ATTGGC DIF: Moderate
b. GAATTC OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. CTTAAG TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
d. TATGCG HAYSTACKS
e. TTACGG
ANS: D PTS: 1 12. Which of the following describes most
DIF: Easy accurately the process of DNA cloning?
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge a. set of laboratory procedures that consist of
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN cutting a segment of DNA with restriction
HAYSTACKS enzymes
b. set of laboratory procedures that consist of
9. Which of the following describes most isolation of a DNA fragment from a living
accurately the expression "recombinant organism and insertion of it into a plasmid
DNA"? c. set of laboratory procedures that uses living
a. DNA molecule cloned from a given cells to make many identical copies of a
organism DNA fragment
b. DNA molecule that contains genetic d. set of laboratory procedures by which a
information from more than one organism DNA fragment is transferred from a living
c. DNA molecule that is moved from one tube organism to a SNP chip
to another in a laboratory e. the manipulation of DNA fragments in a
d. DNA molecule isolated from a specific laboratory using modern techniques of
organism molecular biology
e. DNA molecule that has been used in a ANS: C PTS: 1
laboratory for experimental purposes DIF: Difficult
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge |
DIF: Difficult Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | Bloom's
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Taxonomy: Analysis
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | Bloom's TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
Taxonomy: Analysis HAYSTACKS
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
HAYSTACKS 13. A plasmid is a
a. small segment of DNA that is often isolated
10. Many restriction enzymes generate ____ on from virus chromosomes for cloning
DNA fragments after being cut. purposes.
a. frank ends b. large linear segment of DNA that is often
b. blunt ends isolated from bacterial chromosomes for
c. curved ends cloning purposes.
d. sticky ends c. small circular segment of DNA in bacteria
e. oblique ends that is linked by hydrogen bonds to the
ANS: D PTS: 1 main bacterial chromosome.
DIF: Easy d. large circular segment of DNA in bacteria
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge that is completely separated with the
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN chromosome.
HAYSTACKS e. small circular segment of DNA in bacteria
that is completely separated from the
11. During the cloning process, two fragments of chromosome.
DNA are joined together with the help of a ANS: E PTS: 1
a. DNA ligase. DIF: Difficult
b. DNA recombinase. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge |
c. DNA helicase. Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
d. DNA polymerase. TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
160 Biotechnology
HAYSTACKS c. some of the primers base-pair with template
DNA.
21. Which of the following procedures is used to d. Taq polymerase performs DNA synthesis
amplify DNA in the laboratory? from the primers.
a. DNA cloning e. all of these occur.
b. reverse transcription ANS: E PTS: 1
c. nucleic acid hybridization DIF: Moderate
d. DNA restriction OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge |
e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
DIF: Easy HAYSTACKS
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN 25. The discovery of which of the following
HAYSTACKS allowed researchers to determine the sequences
of nucleotides in DNA molecules?
22. Which of the following lists contain a. single-nucleotide polymorphisms
ingredients that are essential for PCR? b. restriction enzymes
a. nucleotides, DNA template, Taq c. DNA assembly enzymes
polymerase, and primers d. fragment length polymorphisms
b. nucleotides, DNA template, DNA ligase, e. receptor proteins
and primers ANS: B PTS: 1
c. restriction enzymes, DNA template, Taq DIF: Moderate
polymerase, and primers OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. nucleotides, DNA template, Taq TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
polymerase, and plasmids HAYSTACKS
e. nucleotides, DNA template, DNA ligase,
and plasmids 26. If the nucleotide sequence, ACTGAG,
ANS: A PTS: 1 represents the sticky end of a DNA molecule,
DIF: Moderate to what other nucleotide sequence would it
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | “stick”?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension a. TGACTC
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN b. UGACUC
HAYSTACKS c. ACTGAG
d. ACUGUG
23. In the PCR process, which of the following e. GAGTCA
molecular bonds of DNA are disrupted at high ANS: A PTS: 1
temperatures? DIF: Difficult
a. ionic bonds OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge;
b. hydrogen bonds Application; Analysis
c. polar covalent bonds TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
d. nonpolar covalent bonds HAYSTACKS
e. glycosidic bonds
ANS: B PTS: 1 27. What two enzymes do DNA researchers need
DIF: Easy to cut and paste DNA from different sources?
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge a. restriction and ligases
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN b. restriction and polymerases
HAYSTACKS c. ligases and polymerases
d. restriction and helicases
24. During a polymerase chain reaction, e. helicases and polymerases
a. a DNA template is mixed with primers, ANS: A PTS: 1
nucleotides, and Taq polymerase. DIF: Moderate
b. the sample is heated in order to allow the OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
two strands of DNA to separate completely. TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
162 Biotechnology
35. After 30 cycles of PCR cloning of a segment TOP: STUDYING DNA
of DNA, how many copies of that segment will
there be? 39. During a DNA profiling analysis, short tandem
a. 1000 nucleotide repeats are first
b. 10,000 a. subjected to high heat.
c. 100,000 b. inserted into a plasmid.
d. 1,000,000 c. chopped up using a restriction enzyme.
e. 1,000,000,000 d. placed on a gel for electrophoresis.
ANS: E PTS: 1 e. amplified using PCR.
DIF: Easy ANS: E PTS: 1
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge DIF: Moderate
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge |
HAYSTACKS Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
TOP: STUDYING DNA
36. Which of the following happens first in the
PCR process? 40. After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, the
a. repeated cycles of high and low fragments are
temperatures a. separated by a centrifuge.
b. mixing of DNA polymerase with template b. viewed under a microscope.
DNA, nucleotides, and primers c. separated by an electric current.
c. DNA hybridization d. inserted into a plasmid.
d. DNA synthesis e. chopped up using restriction enzymes.
e. DNA unwinds ANS: C PTS: 1
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge;
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge; Analysis; Application
Analysis TOP: STUDYING DNA
TOP: FINDING NEEDLES IN
HAYSTACKS 41. In which of the following cases would DNA
profiling be used?
37. About ____ percent of the human genome is a. to reconstruct population dispersals
unique to each individual. b. to identify the remains of dead people
a. 0 c. to solve crimes
b. 0.5 d. to trace ethnic hertiages
c. 1 e. to do all of these
d. 2 ANS: E PTS: 1
e. 5 DIF: Easy
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
DIF: Easy TOP: STUDYING DNA
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: STUDYING DNA 42. Short tandem repeats on ____ may be used to
determine genetic relationships among male
38. Which of the following techniques reveals relatives and descendants.
differences in the number of tandem repeats a. the Y chromosome
among individuals? b. chromosome # 3
a. PCR c. the X chromosome
b. DNA amplification d. chromosome # 8
c. DNA hybridization e. chromosome # 20
d. DNA profiling ANS: A PTS: 1
e. DNA probe analysis DIF: Easy
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
DIF: Easy TOP: STUDYING DNA
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
164 Biotechnology
51. Which of the following procedures are possible 54. For approximately how many years has
with genetic engineering? genetically engineered insulin been used to
a. express a human gene in a bacterium treat patients with diabetes?
b. transfer a human protein into a sheep a. 3
c. transfer a human genome into a bacterium b. 10
d. express a human amino acid in a mouse c. 15
e. all of these d. 30
ANS: A PTS: 1 e. 60
DIF: Difficult ANS: D PTS: 1
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | DIF: Moderate
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis | Bloom's OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Taxonomy: Synthesis TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
55. Which of the following organisms produce
52. Which of the following organisms is (are) genetically engineered chymotrypsin, used in
being used routinely in genetic engineering for the food industry?
production of drugs? a. a pig
b. a bacterium
I. rats c. a yeast
II. yeasts d. a sheep
III. bacteria e. a cow
ANS: B PTS: 1
a. I and II DIF: Moderate
b. I and III OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. II and III TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
d. I, II, and III
e. III only 56. Traditionally, chymotrypsin used in the food
industry was obtained from
ANS: C PTS: 1
a. mold fermentation.
DIF: Easy
b. yeast fermentation.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. sheep stomachs.
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
d. bacterial fermentation.
e. calf stomachs.
53. In which of the following organisms is
ANS: E PTS: 1
genetically engineered human insulin
DIF: Difficult
produced?
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. pigs
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
b. E. coli
c. humans
57. Which of the following organisms is (are)
d. T. aquaticus
easily modified by genetic engineering?
e. B. thurigiensis
a. bacteria and yeasts
ANS: B PTS: 1
b. bacteria and mice
DIF: Moderate
c. yeasts and mice
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. molds and mice
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
e. humans
ANS: A PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
166 Biotechnology
65. Before it was genetically engineered, what was 69. Most genetically modified crops carry genes
the source of chymotrypsin used in cheese for
production? a. herbicide resistance.
a. calf stomachs b. disease resistance.
b. pig livers c. nutritional enhancement.
c. human cadavers d. making human medicines.
d. sheep brains e. increased yields.
e. cow intestines ANS: B PTS: 1
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
DIF: Easy OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
70. Golden rice is made more beta-carotene rich
66. Which of the following organisms is used in with genes from bacteria and
the genetic engineering of plants? a. corn.
a. E. coli b. mice.
b. T. aquaticus c. tulips.
c. A. tumefaciens d. daffodils.
d. P. flourescens e. oranges.
e. B. thuringiensis ANS: A PTS: 1
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
71. Beta- carotene is converted to vitamin ___ in
67. What technology using bacteria is used to the cells of the small intestine.
genetically engineer plants? a. B12
a. plasmid vectoring b. A
b. DNA profiling c. E
c. whole genome sequencing d. C
d. SNPing e. D
e. PCR ANS: B PTS: 1
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
DIF: Difficult OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge; TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
Analysis; Synthesis
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING 72. How much Golden Rice will supply a child’s
daily need for the vitamin that is converted
68. What is a transgenic organism? from beta-carotene?
a. an organism with multiple copies of the a. two teaspoons
same gene b. a half of a cup
b. an organism that has genes from another c. one cup
species d. one quart
c. an organism that does not use DNA to e. one pint
specify proteins ANS: C PTS: 1
d. an organism that has had its entire genome DIF: Moderate
sequenced OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. an organism that has been DNA profiled TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
ANS: B PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: GENETIC ENGINEERING
168 Biotechnology
80. In gene therapy, what is transferred into an 84. Which of the following is true of the boys who
individual’s body cells? were treated for SCIDs using gene therapy?
a. new genomes a. all were cured
b. recombinant DNA b. all died
c. GMOs c. they all improved, but not cured
d. bacterial plasmids d. some contracted leukemia
e. DNA libraries e. none of them were cured
ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: D PTS: 1
DIF: Easy DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED
HUMANS HUMANS
81. What is the vector used in gene therapy? 85. Which of the following would be considered a
a. bacterial plasmids type of eugenics?
b. lipids a. gene therapy to cure a disease
c. genetically engineered viruses b. gene replacement to improve normal
d. single nucleotides memory
e. more than one of these c. xenotransplantation of a healthy organ
ANS: E PTS: 1 d. consumption of genetically enhanced foods
DIF: Moderate e. more than one of these would be considered
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge a type of eugenics
TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANS: B
HUMANS it could be argued that gene therapy to cure a
disease is also eugenics as it could be
82. Which of the following diseases has gene considered a desirable trait
therapy been successful in curing? PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
a. AIDS OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge;
b. SCIDS Application
c. diabetes TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED
d. hemophilia A HUMANS
e. more than one of these
ANS: B PTS: 1 86. What types of eugenics will be possible with
DIF: Moderate the use of genetic engineering?
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge a. super Olympic athletes
TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED b. enhanced memory capacity
HUMANS c. increased height
d. reduced incidence of baldness
83. What organ system is affected in SCIDs? e. all of these will be possible
a. digestive ANS: E PTS: 1
b. immune DIF: Easy
c. reproductive OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. nervous TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED
e. cardiovascular HUMANS
ANS: B PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: GENETICALLY MODIFIED
HUMANS
MATCHING
Match the following letters with the number with which they best correspond.
a. xenotransplantation
b. electrophoresis
c. DNA profile
d. genetic engineering
e. DNA sequencing
f. gene therapy
g. polymerase chain reaction
91. an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats
92. replacing diseased organs with healthy ones from other species
93. method of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
94. method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific DNA fragment
95. technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes
96. making changes in an individual’s genome
97. transferring normal or modified genes into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder
170 Biotechnology
91. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
92. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
93. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
94. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
95. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
96. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
97. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Classification. The following items are related to DNA recombinant technology. Answer the
questions in reference to that topic.
a. restriction enzymes
b. recombinant DNA
c. plasmids
d. clones
e. DNA library
f. DNA polymerase
98. bacterial population containing thousands or millions of identical copies of one to several genes
99. collections of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into cloning vectors
100. molecule that needs primers, nucleotides, and a DNA molecule as a template in order to fulfill its
function
101. molecules that chop up DNA molecules in specific ways
102. DNA fragment that contains the DNA of more than one species
103. circular DNA isolated from bacteria that serve as gene vectors
Methods of Arming.
Spring method.—Let us suppose that after our projectile has
started on its way the sliding block is free to move within a cavity at
the forward end of which is the anvil. If the projectile comes to a
sudden drop or even sudden reduction of velocity the block if
unrestrained will, according to the principle of inertia, keep on going
till something stops it. The something in this case is the anvil and the
fulminate cap is set off. But it is not so simple. For while the projectile
is in flight it is acted upon by the air resistance and slows down but
the block in the cavity of the head is not subjected to this resistance.
It therefore gains on the projectile or creeps forward in the cavity
unless restrained as it is by a spring. Now one more point and this
type of fuze is complete. We supposed that our block was free to
slide. For safety’s sake it is pinned to the cavity. Again we call upon
inertia to bread the pin so as to leave the block free to slide. The
strength of the pin is calculated so that the force of inertia of the
mass of the block is greater than the resistance of the safety pin and
when the projectile starts the pin breaks and the spring forces the
block to the rear of the cavity until the sudden stop of the projectile
permits the block to slide forward as explained. Such a fuze requires
a comparatively high initial velocity and is not adapted to howitzers
using low muzzle velocities.
There are three other methods in use to arm the fuze. They are
inertia of a sleeve; centrifugal force and powder pellet system,
that is, combustion of a grain of powder holding the sliding block
from the anvil by means of an arm resting against the unburned
powder grain. These are more sensitive than the type described.
In the first system, a sleeve fitting around the plunger carrying
the cap slides to the rear by inertia when the projectile starts and two
clips engage in notches on the plunger body making the sleeve and
plunger thereafter move as one body, they are thus held together by
a plunger spring which before arming held the plunger away from the
anvil. The safety spring held the sleeve and plunger away from the
anvil and after arming prevents forward creeping by the plunger and
sleeve now locked together. Upon striking, the plunger and sleeve
move forward as one body and the cap strikes the anvil.
In centrifugal systems the primer plunger is kept safely away
from the anvil by a lock which is kept in place by springs. When the
rotational velocity reaches a certain point the force of the springs is
overcome by the centrifugal force and the locks are thrown aside or
opened and the plunger is free to move forward on impact.
In the powder pellet system (the one largely used by the
Germans) there is a well or channel filled with compressed powder,
this is set off by a fulminate cap which is fired by inertia, a small
plunger-anvil striking the cap. When the powder is consumed it
leaves a channel into which an arm attached to the sliding block
carrying the igniting fulminate for the charge may slide, thus
permitting the block to slide forward to the anvil fixed in the forward
part of the cavity. It is held from creeping forward after the
compressed powder is burned by a safety spring, thus insuring
sufficiently hard an impact to set off the cap.
Heretofore in our service the fulminating cap has been fixed and
the plunger carried the anvil or as we call it the firing pin. Such is
now the system in our base detonating fuzes, and in our combination
fuze.
The new point detonating fuzes are patterned after the French and
are practically French fuzes.
Fuzes Classification.
Fuses are classified as:
(a) Percussion if it acts on impact, producing a low order of
explosion.
(b) Time when it acts in the air at a certain point of the trajectory.
(c) Combination if it is able to act in the air or upon impact.
(d) Detonating when it contains a fulminate which will bring about
detonation upon impact.
The detonator may be separate or incorporated in the fuse. For
the 75-mm gun and the 155-mm howitzer it forms a part of the fuze.
Many fuzes are armed on set-back. An exception to this is the long
detonating fuse, MK 111, which is armed by the unrolling of a brass
spiral holding together two half rings made of steel so fitted as to
prevent the anvil and the head of the fuse from getting close
together. The spiral unrolls when the rotational velocity of the
projectile reaches a certain speed, thus drawing away the two steel
rings and arming the fuse.
DETONATING FUZE—MARK-III.
DETONATING FUZE—MARK-V.
Fuse Tables.
Tables showing American and French fuses to be used by our
Field Artillery, with information concerning markings, color, time of
delay, size of fuse, etc.
DETONATING FUSES.
Size
Corresponding
Time of delay. Color. of Cannon.
to.
Fuse.
2- 3” gun for target
MK I White head. Short. Russian 3GT. practice
100 only.
2-
M II (non delay) 8”, 9.2”,
100
2-
MK II (non delay) White top. Short. 204-m/m.
100
5- Gun and
MK II (short delay) Black top. Short. Modified.
100 Howitzer.
15-
M II (long delay) Black head. Short. Russian.
100
75 G; 3.8”G and
H; 4.7 in. G
MK III
zero No color. Long. French IAL. and H; 6”H;
(Supersensitive)
155H; all
gas shells.
2- French 24/31
MK IV (non-delay) White top. Short. SR (99- Howitzer only.
100 15).
5- French 24/31
MK IV (short delay) Black top. Short. AR (99- Howitzer only.
100 15).
Black top
15- French 24/31
violet
MK IV (long delay) Short. SR (99- Howitzer only.
100 detonator
15).
socket.
2- French 24/31
All guns, but not
MK V (non-delay) White top. Short. SR (99-
100 Howitzers.
08).
MK V (short delay) 5- Black top. Short. French 24/31 All guns, but not
AR (99- Howitzers.
100 08).
Mark—VII (non 2-
White. Short 6” T. M.
delay) 100
Black top with
20- violet
Mark VII (long delay) Short 6” T. M.
100 detonator
socket
COMBINATION FUSES.
Total time By what
Corresponding On what projectile Wt. of
Fuse. burning cannon
French Type. used. fuse.
Sec. fired.
21 s/comb. F. All 3” and
22/31M 1897, Com. Shrapnel.
A., 1907 21 75-mm 1¼ lbs.
24 sec. MKi.
M. guns
21 s/comb. 22/31M 1916, All 3” and
Com. Shrapnel.
F.A., 21 24 sec. 75-mm 1¼ lbs.
MKi.
1915 AA. guns
31 s/comb. F. 30/55M 1889,
31 Com. Shrapnel. 4.7” gun. 2 lbs.
A. 1915 40 sec.
45 s/comb. F.
Same as
A. 1907 45
above.
M.
30/55M 1889, Com. Shrapnel,
155 How.
40 sec. MKi.
30/55M 1913, C. S. Shell AA 4.7” gun
40 sec. MKiii AA. Anti-
AA. Shrapnel. aircraft.