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Marriages and Familes 8Th Edition Benokraitis Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Marriages and Familes 8Th Edition Benokraitis Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
2) Javier and Maria are attracted to both males and females. They can be classified as ________.
A) homosexuals
B) heterosexuals
C) transsexuals
D) bisexuals
Answer: D
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
3) ________ specifies the formal or informal norms for acceptable or unacceptable sexual activity,
including which individuals are eligible sexual partners, and the boundaries of sexual behavior.
A) Gender role
B) Sexual orientation
C) Sexual script
D) Sexual identity
Answer: C
Page Ref: 178
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
4) Jacob and Amy had been dating for more than a year. Recently, Jacob found out that Amy cheated on
him. Feeling betrayed and hurt, he engaged in a physical relationship with Marie in order to get back at
Amy. Jacob having sex with Marie can be attributed to ________ reasons.
A) physical
B) goal attainment
C) emotional
D) insecurity
Answer: B
Page Ref: 181
A-head: Why We Have Sex
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
5) Ideally, ________ should be a child’s first and best sex educators.
A) parents
B) peers
C) school
D) church
Answer: A
Page Ref: 183
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
7) Which of the following is a reason why there has been a decline of teen sexual intercourse since the
early 1990s?
A) Adolescents who engage in oral and anal sex believe that they’ve engaged in sex.
B) Teenagers define themselves as virgins because they have not engaged in any sexual behaviors.
C) Values and practical considerations affect decisions about sex.
D) Adolescents have strained relationships with their parents.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 195
A-head: Sexuality throughout Life
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.6: Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.
8) Which of the following is a micro reason why people engage in extramarital sex?
A) economic problems
B) the anonymity of urban life
C) revenge or retaliation
D) changing gender roles
Answer: C
Page Ref: 202
A-head: Sexual Infidelity
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its
consequences.
9) Which of the following is an accurate statement about sexually transmitted infections and diseases?
A) Syphilis is the most common sexually transmitted infection.
B) HIV and AIDS can be treated and cured.
C) There are a total of 20 types of STDs.
D) STIs are transmittable even when there are no symptoms.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 203
A-head: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Skill level: Know the Facts
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and
increasing rates.
10) Why do STDs have more serious and frequent complications in women?
Answer: Both men and women get STDs, but women have more serious and more frequent complications
for several reasons. First, men are more likely than women to have sex at an early age and with more
partners over a lifetime. This means that women have a greater risk of getting all of the STDs that a
man’s past and present partners have had. Second, the lining of the vagina is thinner and more delicate
than the skin on a penis, so it’s easier for bacteria and viruses to penetrate. Third, compared with men,
women are less likely to have symptoms of some common STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Page Ref: 205
A-head: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and
increasing rates.
2) The biological aspects of sexuality that include experiencing pleasure or orgasm is called ________.
A) gender role
B) sexual identity
C) sexual script
D) sexual response
Answer: D
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
3) People’s preference for sexual partners of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes indicates their
________.
A) gender role
B) sexual orientation
C) sexual script
D) sexual desire
Answer: B
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
4) Amanda is a 24-year-old woman who is sexually attracted to other women. She is a ________.
A) heterosexual
B) bisexual
C) homosexual
D) transsexual
Answer: C
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply what You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
5) Pierre is a 35-year-old man who is sexually attracted to women but not men. He is a ________.
A) homosexual
B) bisexual
C) transsexual
D) heterosexual
Answer: D
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
6) Patrick lacks any interest in or desire for sex. Patrick can be categorized as a(n) ________.
A) asexual
B) bisexual
C) intersexual
D) homosexual
Answer: A
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply what You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
7) Which of the following traits is common to homosexual men and heterosexual women?
A) Both are bisexual.
B) Both consider themselves members of the opposite sex.
C) Both lack the desire for sex.
D) Both are sexually attracted to men.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 176
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
8) The belief that being straight is superior to and more "natural" than being gay is called ________.
A) heterosexism
B) misandry
C) biphobia
D) androgyny
Answer: A
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Page Ref: 176-177
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
10) Pablo, a 33-year-old man, likes dressing up as a woman. However, he does not consider himself a
woman. In this scenario, Pablo can be classified as a(n) ________.
A) asexual
B) transsexual
C) transvestite
D) intersexual
Answer: C
Page Ref: 177
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
11) Which of the following theories suggests that sexual orientation is strongly molded by factors such as
the early influence of sex hormones after conception?
A) developmental theories
B) social constructionist theories
C) biological theories
D) cultural theories
Answer: C
Page Ref: 177
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
12) Benjamin believes that sexual behavior is largely the result of societal pressure. He finds that culture
plays an important role in forming our sexual identity. With which of the following theories does
Benjamin’s belief coincide?
A) psychoanalytic theories
B) social constructionist theories
C) biological theories
D) social exchange theories
Answer: B
Page Ref: 177
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
13) Some scholars state that gender is a more powerful factor than sexual orientation in shaping a
person’s behavior. They assert that there are more similarities between straight and gay men and
between straight women and lesbians than there are between lesbians and gays. Which of the following,
if true, supports this argument?
A) Gays and heterosexual women mostly engage in monogamous relationships.
B) Lesbians and heterosexual men often separate emotional intimacy from sex.
C) Lesbians and gays are more likely to have more than one lover at a time.
D) Lesbians and heterosexual women believe love and sex go hand in hand.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 178
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
16) A negative outcome of male sexual scripts is the expectation that ________.
A) women should have more sexual freedom than men
B) the sexual urge of men is uncontrollable
C) men must engage in sex with one woman
D) men must be sexually passive
Answer: B
Page Ref: 178
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
17) Which of the following is an indicator of the persistence of the sexual double standard?
A) An adolescent girl’s popularity increases if she has several sexual partners at a time.
B) Men and women are expected to communicate about sex to each other.
C) Men who commit sexual assaults on women are given harsh punishment.
D) Women undergo vaginal surgery so that their partners can experience sex with a virgin.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 179
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
18) Which of the following statements about Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is true?
A) The age at which a girl undergoes FGM/C is the same across countries.
B) It makes a woman less marriageable.
C) It reflects a double standard that allows men to mutilate women.
D) It has similar, comparable constraints for men.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 179
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
19) Nathan is dating Natasha, a cheerleader. Though he is not very fond of her, he is dating her to gain
popularity among his classmates. Which of the following reasons can be attributed to this?
A) physical
B) goal attainment
C) emotional
D) insecurity
Answer: B
Page Ref: 181
A-head: Why We Have Sex
Skill level: Apply what You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.
21) Which of the following functions does sex serve in long-term relationships?
A) preventing self-disclosure
B) experimentation
C) freedom
D) interdependence
Answer: D
Page Ref: 182
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A-head: Why We Have Sex
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.
22) Studies show that parents or guardians should be the first and best sex educators for children. Which
of the following, if true, supports this finding?
A) They are more likely to be experienced about sex education than teachers or counselors.
B) They are more likely to have the children’s best interests at heart.
C) They are more likely to be open to talk about sex education than the children’s peers.
D) They are more likely to face cultural and language barriers with their children.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 183
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
23) When parents are effective sex educators, there are a number of outcomes for children. Which of the
following is a consequence of effective sex education?
A) It increases sexually risky behavior.
B) It increases the number of unwanted pregnancies.
C) It delays first-time sexual intercourse.
D) It decreases control over one’s sexual behavior.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 183
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
24) Peers are among the most common sources of information about sex. Which of the following, if true,
supports this statement?
A) Peers are likely to be more open than parents about discussing sex.
B) They are more likely to be misinformed about sex.
C) Children confide more in their siblings than in their peers.
D) Over 90 percent of teenagers worldwide receive sex education from school counselors.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 185-186
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
25) Roger is a middle-aged man who lives with his family in the suburbs. Which of the following would
indicate that Roger measures high on religiosity?
A) Roger belongs to a dominant religious group.
B) Roger regularly attends religious services.
C) Roger has a strong bond with his children.
D) Roger’s everyday decisions are free from the influence of religion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 186
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A) starts in the twelfth grade
B) includes medically accurate information
C) ends in the tenth grade
D) focuses solely on abstinence and contraception
Answer: B
Page Ref: 187
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
27) Rita works as a teacher at a high school. She is in charge of the school’s abstinence program which is
a part of the comprehensive sexuality education (CSE). She believes that abstinence programs help
delay sex until marriage. Which of the following, if true, weakens her argument?
A) Research indicates that CSE programs increase the likelihood of having premarital sex.
B) Studies show that most abstinence programs increase contraceptive use.
C) A majority of adolescents who took virginity pledges had an active sexual life after marriage.
D) In states with predominant abstinence programs, unintended teen pregnancy rates are lower than
those without a CSE curriculum.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 188
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
29) Sexual self-pleasuring that involves some form of direct physical stimulation is called ________.
A) masturbation
B) intercourse
C) oral sex
D) flirting
Answer: A
Page Ref: 189
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
31) Which of the following is a reason why masturbation is more common among men than women?
A) Women are more likely than men to watch pornography.
B) Social norms stigmatize men for masturbation more than they do for women.
C) Women are more likely than men to masturbate watching pornography.
D) Men are freed from the emotional connections that many women seek.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 189
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
32) A similarity between masturbation and sexual fantasies is that both ________.
A) are emotionally unhealthy
B) involve an external stimulus
C) can relieve sexual tension
D) end in adulthood
Answer: C
Page Ref: 189
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Page Ref: 190
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
37) Which of the following is a difference between oral and anal sex?
A) Anal sex involves manual stimulation whereas oral sex does not.
B) Anal sex can be performed simultaneously whereas oral sex cannot.
C) Oral sex is a heterosexual behavior whereas anal sex is not.
D) Oral sex involves penile-vaginal intercourse whereas anal sex does not.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 190
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
38) Which of the following is a myth about sex and sexual response?
A) Withdrawal is an effective birth control method.
B) Penile erections, ejaculations, and orgasms don’t occur simultaneously.
C) There’s no association between the size of a penis and satisfying sex.
D) Both simultaneous orgasms and independent orgasms can be satisfying.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 192
A-head: Sexual Behaviors
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.
39) Which of the following is a reason why there isn’t an accurate figure on how many LGBT people are
there in the United States?
A) Researchers define and measure sexual orientation in the same, standard way.
B) Respondents may not be willing to disclose this information.
C) People who engage in same-sex behavior consider themselves gay.
D) More LGBTs are willing to come out than in the past.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 192
A-head: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual,
and transgender sex.
40) From a social exchange perspective, which of the following is a reason why adults abstain from
sexual intercourse?
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A) One of the partners has mental-health problems.
B) One of the partners suffers from a chronic illness.
C) Companionship is more important than sexual activity.
D) They don’t have a partner.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 196
A-head: Sexuality throughout Life
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.
42) As people age, the biggest impediment to sex, especially for women is a partner gap. Which of the
following represents the problem of partner gap for women?
A) Kimberly plans to marry a man younger than her but her parents do not approve of the marriage.
B) Huan wants to have children whereas Lawrence, her husband, does not.
C) After her husband died, Betty did not date for a long time until she met Bruce.
D) Helen and Ralph, who have been dating since the past year, want different things out of the
relationship.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 199
A-head: Sexuality throughout Life
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.
43) Extramarital sex is considered more damaging than infidelity among people who are living together
because ________.
A) cohabiting couples who cheat on their partners break a religious promise to be faithful
B) those who engage in extramarital sex break a civil contract
C) emotional fidelity is more important for cohabiting couple than for married couples
D) emotional infidelity violates expectations of trust in committed relationships
Answer: B
Page Ref: 200
A-head: Sexual Infidelity
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its
consequences.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A-head: Sexual Infidelity
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its
consequences.
45) Which of the following is an example of anonymity of urban life, a macro reason for extramarital sex?
A) Wayne had extramarital sex to feel physically and socially desirable.
B) Leonard had an affair with his colleague because he believed his wife would not find out.
C) Jean had an extramarital affair because she wanted to get back at her husband for cheating on her.
D) Carmen cheated on her husband so that he would get angry at her and file for a divorce.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 201
A-head: Sexual Infidelity
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its
consequences.
47) Which of the following is an example of social exchange, a micro reason for extramarital sex?
A) Oscar, who has a strained relationship with his wife because he is unemployed, engaged in
extramarital sex.
B) Danielle, who has low self-esteem, cheated on her husband because it helped boost her ego.
C) Mario, who has high social and economic status in society, has extramarital sex with attractive women
who enjoy being with wealthy men.
D) Monica had sex with someone she had first met through a social networking site because she believed
no one would find out about it.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 202
A-head: Sexual Infidelity
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its
consequences.
48) Childbirth and breast milk can pass on HIV, but the most common infections are through ________.
A) coughing
B) sexual activity
C) drug use
D) shared needles
Answer: B
Page Ref: 204
A-head: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
increasing rates.
50) Which of the following is a micro-level reason why STD rates are rising?
A) The family environment increases risky behavior.
B) Assimilation increases risky behavior.
C) Poverty spreads infections.
D) People aren’t aware of a partner’s sexual activities.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 207
A-head: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Skill level: Know the Facts
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and
increasing rates.
52) How does gendered sexual scripts increase women’s hypersexualization? Illustrate with the help of
examples.
Answer: Sexual scripts are highly gendered in two ways— women’s increasing hypersexualization and a
persistent sexual double standard. In virtually every media form—including television, music videos,
magazines, video games, the Internet, and advertising—girls and women are sexualized and physical
beauty is emphasized. Such sexualization can result in females being dissatisfied with their bodies,
experiencing low self-esteem, tolerating sexual harassment and sexual violence, and a greater likelihood
of having sex at an early age. Sexualized messages are reaching ever-younger audiences and teach or
reinforce the idea that girls and women should be valued for their “sexiness” rather than their personalities
and abilities.
Page Ref: 178-179
A-head: Sexuality and Human Development
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, and sexual
scripts.
53) With the help of an example, explain insecurity reasons for having sex.
Answer: People may have sex because of insecurity reasons. Such reasons may include boosting one’s
self-esteem, duty, pressure, and guarding a mate from competitors. For example, a women who has sex
with her partner because she is afraid he would otherwise lose interest in her, is an example of insecurity
reasons.
Page Ref: 181
A-head: Why We Have Sex
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.
54) Discuss the interpersonal and structural reasons why people have sex for the first time.
Answer: There are a variety of reasons for having sex the first time. Some of these include interpersonal
and structural reasons.
Interpersonal Reasons: The majority of first sexual relationships are with a romantic partner. A person
may feel obligated to have sex for fear of hurting the other’s feelings or losing his or her interest. Others
experience physical arousal and follow their impulses or are simply curious about sex.
Structural Factors: Teenagers are more likely to engage in sex at an early age if they experience family
turbulence, such as parental conflict before or during a divorce, remarriage, or re-divorce; if they live with
single parents who are sexually active; or in neighborhoods where adults who are role models don't have
steady jobs and bear children out of wedlock. In such situations, adolescents may disengage from their
parents, looking to peers for emotional support, and thereby hasten their entry into sexual activity.
Page Ref: 181-182
A-head: Why We Have Sex
Skill level: Analyze It
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.
56) Explain with the help of examples, the impact of movies on children’s sexual behavior.
Answer: Media are among the most powerful forces in young Americans’ lives today. Movies
offer a constant stream of messages about a number of topics, including sex. Rating systems aren’t
strictly enforced, and X-rated videos are accessible to people in most age groups. Also, film ratings have
become more lenient. Since 1992, many films that were rated PG-13 (Parents strongly cautioned) are
now rated PG (Parental guidance suggested). This “ratings creep” has increased the likelihood that
adolescents and even young children see sexual images in movies. Much sexual content may not register
with some young adolescents, but it shapes sexual decision making by reinforcing permissive sexual
norms.
Page Ref: 186-187
A-head: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?
Skill level: Apply What You Know
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.
58) Describe briefly, the factors that influence the frequency of sex among singles. Provide examples to
explain these factors.
Answer: Apart from masturbation, how much sex singles have depends on a variety of factors such as
gender, age, health, appearance, grooming, and being in a partnered relationship. For example, obese
women are more likely than their male counterparts to date less and have less sex. Single men have
more sex than women because they are more likely than women to have several sexual partners at the
same time. Among those ages 18 to 94, women and men who live together have sex more frequently
than those who are dating.
Page Ref: 197
A-head: Sexuality throughout Life
Skill level: Understand the Concepts
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.
61) Discuss two macro-level reasons why STD rates are rising.
Answer: There are several macro-level reasons why STD rates are rising.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
1) Societal stigma and a lack of information promote infections. Many young people believe that they’re
safe from STDs because they’ve engaged only in oral sex and not in sexual intercourse. They don’t
realize that oral sex can lead to STDs. Fellatio tends to be riskier than cunnilingus because ejaculated
sperm carry more infectious material than vaginal secretions.
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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tumblerful of home-brewed ale or a glass or two of wine daily; but, as
I before remarked, in the generality of cases, either toast and water,
or barley-water and milk, for the first week after a confinement, is
the best beverage.
607. After a week, either a tumblerful of mild home-brewed ale or
of London or Dublin porter, where it agrees, should be taken at
dinner; but if ale or porter be given, wine ought not to be allowed. It
would be well to keep either to ale or to porter, as may best agree
with the patient, and not to mix them, nor to take porter at one meal
and ale at another.
608. Barreled, in this case, is superior to bottled porter, as it
contains less fixed air. On the whole, however, I should prefer home-
brewed ale to porter. Either old, or very new, or very strong ale,
ought not, at this time, to be given.
609. Great care is required in the summer, as the warm weather is
apt to turn the beer acid. Such beer would not only disagree with the
mother, but would disorder the milk, and thus the infant. A nursing
mother sometimes endeavors to correct sour porter or beer by
putting soda in it. This plan is objectionable, as the constant taking
of soda is weakening to the stomach and impoverishing to the blood.
Moreover, it is impossible, by any artificial expedient, to make either
tart beer or porter sound and wholesome, and fit for a nursing
mother. If beer or porter be sour, it is not fit to drink, and ought
either to be thrown away or should be given to the pigs.
610. Sometimes neither wine nor malt liquor agrees; then, either
new milk and water, or equal parts of fresh milk and barley-water,
will generally be found the best beverage. If milk should also
disagree, either barley-water, or toast and water, ought to be
substituted.
CHANGE OF ROOM.
611. The period at which a lying-in woman should leave her room
will, of course, depend upon the season, and upon the state of her
health. She may, after the first fourteen days, usually change the
chamber for the drawing-room, provided it be close at hand; if it be
not, she ought, during the day, to remove—be either wheeled or
carried in a chair—from one bedroom to another, as change of
apartment will then be desirable. The windows, during her absence
from the room, ought to be thrown wide open; and the bedclothes, in
order that they may be well ventilated, should be thrown back. She
should, at the end of three weeks, take her meals with the family; but
even then she ought occasionally, during the day, to lie on the sofa to
rest her back.
613. A mother ought not, unless she intend to devote herself to her
baby, to undertake to suckle him. She must make up her mind to
forego the so-called pleasures of fashionable life. There ought, in a
case of this kind, to be no half-and-half measures; she should either
give up her helpless babe to the tender mercies of a wet-nurse, or she
must devote her whole time and energy to his welfare—to the
greatest treasure that God hath given her.
614. If a mother be blessed with health and strength, it is most
unnatural and very cruel for her not to suckle her child—
“Connubial fair! whom no fond transport warms
To lull your infant in maternal arms;
Who, blessed in vain with tumid bosoms, hear
His tender wailings with unfeeling ear;
The soothing kiss and milky rill deny
To the sweet pouting lip and glistening eye!
Ah! what avails the cradle’s damask roof,
The eider bolster, and embroidered woof!
Oft hears the gilded couch unpitied plains,
And many a tear the tasseled cushion stains!
No voice so sweet attunes his cares to rest,
So soft no pillow as his mother’s breast!—
Thus charmed to sweet repose, when twilight hours
Shed their soft influence on celestial bowers,
The cherub Innocence, with smile divine,
Shuts his white wings, and sleeps on beauty’s shrine.”[111]
615. Oh, if a mother did but know the joy that suckling her infant
imparts, she would never for one moment contemplate having a wet-
nurse to rob her of that joy—
“The starting beverage meets the thirsty lip;
’Tis joy to yield it, and ’tis joy to sip.”[112]
THE BREAST.
617. As soon as the patient has recovered from the fatigue of the
labor—that is to say, in about four or six hours—attention ought to be
paid, more especially in a first confinement, to the bosoms.
618. In a first confinement, there is, until the third day, but very
little milk; although there is usually on that day, and for two or three
days afterward, a great deal of swelling, of hardness, of distention,
and of uneasiness of the breasts, in consequence of which, in a first
confinement, both care and attention are needed.
619. If there be milk in the breast, which may be readily
ascertained by squeezing the nipple between the finger and the
thumb, the infant should, at first, be applied—not frequently, as
some do, but at considerable intervals, say until the milk be properly
secreted—every four hours; when the milk flows, the child ought to
be applied more frequently, but still at stated times.
620. To wash away any viscid mucus from the nipple, or any stale
perspiration from the bosom, let the breasts and the nipples, before
applying the baby, be first sponged with a little warm water, and then
be dried with a warm, dry, soft napkin; for some infants are so
particular that unless the breasts and the nipples be perfectly free
from mucus and from perspiration, they will not suck. If after the
above cleansing process there be any difficulty in making him take
the bosom, smear a little cream on the nipple, and then immediately
apply him to it.
621. If the breasts be full, hard, knotty, and painful, which they
generally are two or three days after a first confinement, let them be
well but tenderly rubbed every four hours, either with the best olive
oil (a little of which should, before using it, be previously warmed, by
putting a little of the oil in a teacup on the hob by the fire) or with
equal parts of olive oil and of eau de Cologne, which should be well
shaken up in a bottle every time before it be used.
622. On the third day, more especially after a first confinement,
the breasts are apt to become very much swollen, painful, and
distended. If such be the case, it might be necessary, for a few days,
to have them drawn, once or twice daily, by a woman who makes it
her business, and who is usually called either a breast-drawer, or, in
vulgar parlance, a suck-pap. A clean, sober, healthy, respectable
woman ought to be selected. There is, in nearly every large town, one
generally to be found who is at the head of her profession. Such a one
should be chosen.
623. If the bosoms be more than usually large and painful, in
addition to assiduously using the above liniment, apply to the
breasts, in the intervals, young cabbage-leaves, which should be
renewed after each rubbing. Before applying them, the “veins” of the
leaves, with a sharp knife, must be cut smooth, level with the leaf. It
will require several, as the whole of the breast ought to be covered.
The cabbage-leaves will be found both cooling and comfortable. Each
bosom should then be nicely supported with a soft folded silk
handkerchief, going under each breast and suspending it; each
handkerchief should then be tied at the back of the neck, thus acting
as a kind of sling.
624. The patient ought not, while the breasts are full and
uncomfortable, to drink much fluid, as it would only encourage a
larger secretion of milk.
625. When the milk is at “its height,” as it is called, she ought every
morning, for a couple of mornings, to take a little cooling medicine—
a Seidlitz powder—and, every four hours, the following effervescing
mixture:
Take of—Bicarbonate of Potash, one drachm and a half;
Distilled Water, eight ounces:
635. A nursing mother ought to have her dress, more especially her
stays, made loose and comfortable.
636. A gathered breast sometimes arises from the bones of the
stays pressing into the bosom; I should, therefore, recommend her to
have the bones removed.
637. If a lady be not in the habit of wearing a flannel waistcoat, she
ought at least to have her bosoms covered with flannel, taking care
that there be a piece of soft linen over the nipples.
638. I should advise a nursing mother to provide herself with a
waterproof nursing apron, which may be procured either at any
baby-linen establishment or at an india-rubber warehouse.
DIETARY.
656. Good habits are as easily formed as bad ones. A mother, when
in bed, ought always to suckle her child while she is lying down. The
sitting up in bed, during such times, is a fruitful source of
inflammation and of gathering of the breasts. Of course, during the
day the sitting-up position is the best. Let me caution her not to
nurse her baby in a half-sitting and half-lying posture; it will spoil
her figure, disturb her repose, and weaken her back.
THE TEMPER.
There is an old and a true saying, “that it is the stomach that makes
the man,” and if the man, the woman:
“Your stomach makes your fabric roll,
Just as the bias rules the bowl.”[117]
OCCUPATION.
AILMENTS, Etc.