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Finite Mathematics With Applications 11Th Edition Lial Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Finite Mathematics With Applications 11Th Edition Lial Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Name _______________________________________________________________________
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A) B)
y
8
y
8
4
4
-8 -4 4 8 x
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-4
-8
-8
C) D)
y
8
y
8
4
4
-8 -4 4 8 x
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-4
-8
-8
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
(0, 2)
(3, 0) x
A) 56 B) 30 C) 20 D) 50
The Acme Class Ring Company designs and sells two types of rings: the VIP and the SST. They can produce up
to 60 rings each day using up to 160 total hours of labor. It takes 3 hours to make one VIP ring, versus 2 hours
to make one SST ring.
7) How many of each type of ring should be made daily to maximize the company's profit, if the profit on a
VIP ring is $60 and on an SST ring is $50?
A) 9x 1 + 4x 2 + x 3 = 30 B) 9x 1 + 4x 2 + x 3 ≤ 30
x 1 + 3x 2 + x 3 = 40 x 1 + 3x 2 + x 4 ≤ 40
C) 9x 1 + 4x 2 = x 3 + 30 D) 9x 1 + 4x 2 + x 3 = 30
x 1 + 3x 2 = x 4 + 40 x 1 + 3x 2 + x 4 = 40
Introduce slack variables as necessary and write the initial simplex tableau for the problem.
9) Maximize z = 2x 1 + 5x 2
subject to: 5x 1 + 10x 2 ≤ 105
10x 1 + 15x 2 ≤ 143
x 1 ≥ 0, x 2 ≥ 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
5 10 1 0 0 105 5 10 1 0 0 105
10 15 0 1 0 143 10 15 0 1 0 143
2 5 0 0 1 0 -2 -5 0 0 1 0
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
5 10 1 0 0 143 5 10 1 0 0 143
10 15 0 1 0 105 10 15 0 1 0 105
-2 -5 0 0 1 0 2 5 0 0 1 0
A) x 1 = 25, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 12, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 0, z = 16
B) x 1 = 25, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 12, z = 16
C) x 1 = 0, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 25, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 12, z = 16
D) x 1 = 0, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 12, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 25, z = 16
13) A manufacturing company wants to maximize profits on products U, V, and W. The profit margin is $26
for U, $23 for V, and $27 for W. The production times and departmental capacities are as follows:
A) 6U + 4V + 9W ≤ 41,000 B) 6U + 8V + 7W ≤ 46,000
C) 8U + 7V + 6W ≥ 44,000 D) 6U + 8V + 7W ≥ 46,000
A) B) C) D)
9 8 7 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 9
2 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 8
2 1 1 9 8 7 8 7 9 1 3 7
A) 48 B) 64 C) 66 D) 80
Each day Josh needs at least 10 units of vitamin X, 12 units of vitamin Y, and 20 units of vitamin Z. Pill #1
contains 4 units of X and 3 of Y. Pill #2 contains 1 unit of X, 2 of Y, and 4 of Z. Pill #3 contains 10 units of X, 1 of
Y, and 5 of Z.
17) Pill #1 costs 14 cents, pill #2 costs 5 cents, and pill #3 costs 15 cents. Josh wants to minimize cost. What
is the constraint inequality for vitamin X?
A) x 1 + x 2 + x3 - x 4 = 58 B) x 1 + x 2 + x3 - x 4 = 58
x 1 + x 2 + x3 - x 5 = 26 x 1 + x 2 + x3 + x 5 = 26
x1 + x2 - x 6 = 19 x1 + x2 + x 6 = 19
C) x 1 + x 2 + x3 + x 4 = 58 D) x 1 + x 2 + x3 + x 4 = 58
x 1 + x 2 + x3 - x 5 = 26 x 1 + x 2 + x3 + x 5 = 26
x1 + x2 - x 6 = 19 x1 + x2 + x 6 = 19
1) D
2) D
3) C
4) D
5) A
6) B
7) D
8) D
9) B
10) C
11) C
12) A
13) B
14) D
15) A
16) B
17) C
18) C
19) C
20) B
Name _______________________________________________________________________
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A manufacturer of wooden chairs and tables must decide in advance how many of each item will be made in a
given week. Use the table to find the system of inequalities that describes the manufacturer's weekly production.
3) Use x for the number of chairs and y for the number of tables made per week. The number of
work-hours available for construction and finishing is fixed.
A) 7x + 6y ≤ 40 B) 7x + 6y ≥ 0 C) x ≤ 14 D) x ≤ 13
5x + 4y ≤ 36 5x + 4y ≥ 0 y ≤ 10 y≤9
x≥0 x ≤ 40
y≥0 y ≤ 36
(0, 5)
(4, 3)
(0, 0) (5, 0) x
State the linear programming problem in mathematical terms, identifying the objective function and the
constraints.
6) A firm makes products X and Y. Product X takes 2 hours each on machines L and M; product Y takes
3 hours on machine L and 2 hours on machine M. Machine L can be used for at most 10 hours and
machine M for at most 8 hours. Profit for product X is $7 per unit, and $10 per unit for product Y. Let x
be the number of units of product X produced, and let y be the number of units of product Y produced.
Maximize profit.
A) True B) False
A) x 1 + 8x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 = 40 B) x 1 + 8x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 ≤ 40
5x 1 + x 2 + 4x 3 + x 4 = 50 5x 1 + x 2 + 4x 3 + x 5 ≤ 50
C) x 1 + 8x 2 + 3x 3 = x 4 + 40 D) x 1 + 8x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 = 40
5x 1 + x 2 +4x 3 = x 5 + 50 5x 1 + x 2 + 4x 3 + x 5 = 50
Introduce slack variables as necessary and write the initial simplex tableau for the problem.
9) Maximize z = x 1 + 2x 2
subject to: x 1 + x 2 ≤ 30
3x 1 + 2x 2 ≤ 60
2x 1 + 3x 2 ≤ 90
x 1 ≥ 0, x 2 > 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 1 1 0 0 0 60 1 1 1 0 0 0 30
3 2 0 1 0 0 30 3 2 0 1 0 0 60
2 3 0 0 1 0 90 2 3 0 0 1 0 90
1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 1 1 0 0 0 30 1 1 1 0 0 0 60
3 2 0 1 0 0 60 3 2 0 1 0 0 30
2 3 0 0 1 0 90 2 3 0 0 1 0 90
-1 -2 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -2 0 0 0 1 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 -2 3 1 0 0 20 1 -2 3 1 0 0 20
0 5 -2 -2 1 0 10 0 5 -2 -2 1 0 10
0 -10 9 4 0 1 80 0 10 -9 -4 0 1 80
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 -2 3 1 0 0 20 1 -2 3 1 0 0 20
0 1 4 2 1 0 50 0 1 4 2 1 0 50
0 2 3 4 0 1 80 0 -2 -3 -4 0 1 80
Write the basic solution for the simplex tableau determined by setting the nonbasic variables equal to 0.
11)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
-9 0 -5 -4 1 0 11
5 1 2 1 0 0 12
8 0 9 7 0 1 13
A) x 1 = 0, x 2 = 12, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 11, z = 13
B) x 1 = 12, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 11, x 5 = 0, z =13
C) x 1 = 12, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 11, z = 13
D) x 1 = 0, x 2 = 12, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 11, x 5 = 0, z = 13
A) B)
1 3 3 1
7 1 1 1
8 0 5 6
6 5 0 8
C) D)
1 7 8 6 3 1
3 1 0 5 1 7
0 8
5 6
A) 165 B) 25 C) 20 D) 90
Each day Josh needs at least 10 units of vitamin X, 12 units of vitamin Y, and 20 units of vitamin Z. Pill #1
contains 4 units of X and 3 of Y. Pill #2 contains 1 unit of X, 2 of Y, and 4 of Z. Pill #3 contains 10 units of X, 1 of
Y, and 5 of Z.
17) Pill #1 costs 6 cents, pill #2 costs 10 cents, and pill #3 costs 1 cent. How many of each pill must Josh
take to minimize his cost?
A) P1 = 0, P2 = 0, P3 = 12 B) P1 = 2, P2 = 0, P3 = 6
C) P1 = 3, P2 = 0, P3 = 4 D) P1 = 1, P2 = 0, P3 = 9
A) 2x 1 + x 3 + x 4 = 74 B) 2x 1 + x 3 + x 4 = 74
2x 1 + x 2 - x 5 = 29 2x 1 + x 2 + x 5 = 29
x 1 + x 3 - x 6 = 12 x 1 + x3 + x 6 = 12
C) 2x 1 + x 3 - x 4 = 74 D) 2x 1 + x 3 - x 4 = 74
2x 1 + x 2 - x 5 = 29 2x 1 + x 2 + x 5 = 29
x 1 + x 3 - x 6 = 12 x 1 + x 3 + x 6 = 12
1) C
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) D
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) C
10) A
11) A
12) B
13) C
14) D
15) C
16) B
17) A
18) A
19) A
20) B
Name _______________________________________________________________________
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A manufacturer of wooden chairs and tables must decide in advance how many of each item will be made in a
given week. Use the table to find the system of inequalities that describes the manufacturer's weekly production.
3) Use x for the number of chairs and y for the number of tables made per week. The number of
work-hours available for construction and finishing is fixed.
A) 9x + 6y ≤ 43 B) 7x + 9y ≤ 43 C) 7x + 4y ≤ 43 D) 7x + 9y ≤ 43
7x + 4y ≤ 37 4x + 6y ≤ 37 9x + 6y ≤ 37 4x + 6y ≤ 37
x≥0 x≥0 x≥0 x≤0
y≥0 y≥0 y≥0 y≤0
y
(1, 6)
(0, 6)
(0, 3)
(2, 0) (5, 0) x
State the linear programming problem in mathematical terms, identifying the objective function and the
constraints.
6) A car repair shop blends oil from two suppliers. Supplier I can supply at most 41 gallons with 3.9%
detergent. Supplier II can supply at most 61 gallons with 3.2% detergent. How much can be ordered
from each to get at most 100 gallons of oil with maximum detergent? Let x be the number of gallons
from supplier I, and let y be the number of gallons from supplier II.
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 1
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
1 1 1 0 0 185 1 1 1 0 0 91
3 1 0 1 0 91 3 1 0 1 0 185
-2 -1 0 0 1 0 -2 -1 0 0 1 0
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
1 1 1 0 0 185 1 1 1 0 0 91
3 1 0 1 0 91 3 1 0 1 0 185
2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0
Use the indicated entry as the pivot and perform the pivoting once.
10)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 -2 3 1 0 0 20
2 1 4 0 1 0 50
-4 -2 -3 0 0 1 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
5 0 11 1 2 0 120 5 0 11 1 2 0 120
2 1 4 0 1 0 50 2 1 4 0 1 0 50
0 0 -5 0 -2 1 100 0 0 5 0 2 1 100
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 0 3 1 -2 0 20 1 0 3 1 -2 0 20
2 1 4 0 1 0 50 2 1 4 0 1 0 50
-4 0 -3 0 -2 1 100 4 0 3 0 2 1 100
A) B)
2 2 7 17 -1 6
4 -3 9 2 2 7
17 -1 6 4 -3 9
15 5 2 15 5 2
C) D)
6 7 9 2 17 5 2
-1 2 -3 5 2 -3 9
17 2 4 15 4 2 7
15 -1 6
Supplement
(Grams per Serving)
I II
Product P 7 4
Product Q 5 3
Caleb's physician has recommended that he include at least 55 grams of supplement I and 40 grams of
supplement II in his diet.
16) If product P costs $2.20 per serving and product Q costs $1.60 per serving, how can he satisfy these
requirements most economically?
Rewrite the system of inequalities, adding slack variables or subtracting surplus variables as needed.
17) 2x 1 + 5x 2 ≤ 3
x 1 + 3x 2 ≥ 9
A) 2x 1 + 5x 2 - x 3 = 3
x 1 + 3x 2 - x 4 = 9
B) 2x 1 + 5x 2 + x 3 = 3
x 1 + 3x 2 - x 4 = 9
C) 2x 1 + 5x 2 - x 3 = 3
x 1 + 3x 2 + x 4 = 9
D) 2x 1 + 5x 2 + x 3 = 3
x 1 + 3x 2 + x 4 = 9
A) Maximize z = -y 1 - 2y 2 - 4y 3 ≤ 28 B) Maximize z = y 1 + 2y 2 + 3y 3 - y 4
C) Maximize z = -y 1 - 2y 2 - 3y 3 D) Maximize z = -4y 1 - 3y 2 - y 3 ≤ 11
1) B
2) B
3) B
4) B
5) B
6) A
7) B
8) B
9) B
10) B
11) C
12) B
13) D
14) B
15) A
16) A
17) B
18) C
19) C
20) C
Name _______________________________________________________________________
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
A) B)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
y y
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 x -8 -4 4 8 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
Find the specified value(s) of the function on the given feasible region.
3) Find the maximum and minimum of z = 12x + 15y.
y
(8, 4)
(0, 4)
(0, 2)
(3, 0) (8, 0) x
A) 155 B) 15 C) 75 D) 95
State the linear programming problem in mathematical terms, identifying the objective function and the
constraints.
6) A breed of cattle needs at least 10 protein and 8 fat units per day. Feed type I provides 6 protein and 4 fat
units at $12 per bag. Feed type II provides 5 protein and 3 fat units at $9 per bag. Which mixture fills the
needs at minimum cost? Let x be the number of bags of feed type I, and y be the number of bags of feed
type II.
A) x 1 + 9x 2 + x 3 = 15 B) x 1 + 9x 2 + x 3 = 15
8x 1 + 2x 2 + x 4 = 25 8x 1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 25
C) x 1 + 9x 2 = x 3 + 15 D) x 1 + 9x 2 + x 3 ≤ 15
8x 1 + 2x 2 = x 4 + 25 8x 1 + 2x 2 + x 4 ≤ 25
Introduce slack variables as necessary and write the initial simplex tableau for the problem.
8) Maximize z = 4x 1 + 2x 2
subject to: 2x 1 + x 2 ≤ 26
3x 1 + 5x 2 ≤ 71
x 1 ≥ 0, x 2 ≥ 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
2 1 1 0 0 71 2 1 1 0 0 26
3 5 0 1 0 26 3 5 0 1 0 71
4 2 0 0 1 0 -4 -2 0 0 1 0
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 z x1 x2 x3 x4 z
2 1 1 0 0 71 2 1 1 0 0 26
3 5 0 1 0 26 3 5 0 1 0 71
-4 -2 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 0 1 0
A) B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 -5 1 -1 0 0 40 5 0 1 0 2 0 120
0 3 0 1 0 0 60 -5 0 0 1 -3 0 90
0 -5 0 -2 1 0 70 2 1 0 0 1 0 50
0 10 0 4 0 1 240 0 0 0 0 2 1 100
C) D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
1 -2 1 0 0 0 20 1 -2 1 0 0 0 20
0 5 -1 1 0 0 40 0 5 -1 1 0 0 40
0 5 -2 0 1 0 10 0 5 -2 0 1 0 10
0 10 4 0 0 1 80 0 -10 4 0 0 1 80
Write the basic solution for the simplex tableau determined by setting the nonbasic variables equal to 0.
11)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
0 -11 0 1 -5 0 17
0 -6 1 0 -4 0 12
1 3 0 0 1 0 5
0 29 0 0 12 1 9
A) x 1 = 5, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 12, x 4 = 17, x 5 = 0, z = 9
B) x 1 = 5, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 12, x 4 = 17, x 5 = 1, z = 9
C) x 1 = 0, x 2 = -3, x 3 = 0, x 4 = 0, x 5 = 1, z = 1
D) x 1 = 5, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 12, x 4 = 17, x 5 = 1, z = 0
12) The bakery has 540 lb of flour, 680 dozen eggs, 560 lb of sugar. The profit on a batch of sweet rolls is $
59.00 and on a batch of donuts is $131.00.
A)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
3 5 1 0 0 0 540
1 3 0 1 0 0 680
2 2 0 0 1 0 560
-131 -59 0 0 0 1 0
B)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
3 5 1 0 0 0 540
1 3 0 1 0 0 680
2 2 0 0 1 0 560
59 131 0 0 0 1 0
C)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
3 5 1 0 0 0 540
1 3 0 1 0 0 680
2 2 0 0 1 0 560
-59 -131 0 0 0 1 0
D)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 z
3 5 1 0 0 0 540
1 3 0 1 0 0 680
2 2 0 0 1 0 560
131 -59 0 0 0 1 0
Food P Food Q
Nutrient X 75% 50%
Nutrient Y 25% 75%
Growth Value 90 70
How many kilograms of each food should be produced in order to maximize total growth value?
A) Food P: 200 kg, Food Q: 120 kg. B) Food P: 280 kg, Food Q: 0 kg.
C) Food P: 140 kg, Food Q: 140 kg. D) Food P: 120 kg, Food Q: 200 kg.
Caleb Hazar, who is dieting, requires two food supplements: I and II. He can get these supplements from two
different products P and Q, as shown in the following table:
Supplement
(Grams per Serving)
I II
Product P 7 4
Product Q 5 3
Caleb's physician has recommended that he include at least 55 grams of supplement I and 40 grams of
supplement II in his diet.
16) If product P costs $2.40 per serving and product Q costs $1.40 per serving, how can he satisfy these
requirements most economically?
A) x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 12 B) x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 12
2x 1 + 4x 2 - x 4 = 40 2x 1 + 4x 2 + x 4 = 40
C) x 1 + x 2 - x 3 = 12 D) x 1 + x 2 - x 3 = 12
2x 1 + 4x 2 - x 4 = 40 2x 1 + 4x 2 + x 4 = 40
A) Maximize z = -y 1 - y 2 - 5y 3 B) Maximize z = y 1 + y 2 + 5y 3 - y 4
C) Maximize z = -y 1 - y 3 ≤ 21 D) Maximize z = y 1 - 2y 2 - 3y 3 ≤ 64
1) A
2) B
3) B
4) A
5) C
6) A
7) A
8) B
9) B
10) D
11) A
12) C
13) A
14) C
15) B
16) B
17) A
18) A
19) A
20) D
Liber Septimus.
Cap. I. Now the golden head of Nebuchadnezzar’s statue is gone,
and the feet of iron and clay remain: the world is in its final stage of
deterioration. There are principally two causes, lechery, which leads
to sloth, and avarice, which is ever unsatisfied.
Cap. II. The avaricious are merciless to the poor, and their hard
hearts are typified by the iron of the statue. He is wretched who is
ever desiring more, not he who has little and is content.
Cap. III. The fragile clay signifies the frailty of our flesh, which
shows itself in fornication and adultery. There is also hypocrisy
everywhere, which conceals the foulness within by a fair show
without. Yet it will not escape detection.
Cap. IV. Things that were good are now changed into the
opposite forms, truth into falsehood, wisdom into folly, love into lust,
learned into ignorant; servants are become masters and masters
servants. Nothing pleases now but flattery. Courts do not keep their
former honour: knights there are in plenty, but little valour. Weakness
grows and strength is depressed, there is much talk but little action,
the burdens of war without the advantages. Justice has departed
and fraud has taken its place; even those of one family feel envy and
hatred one against another. Friendship is treacherous and seeks
gain like a harlot: hatred is everywhere common, but love is as the
phenix. There is no faith anywhere, and the right hand cannot trust
the left. All cry out against the world and say that it is growing worse
and worse.
Cap. V. The world is indeed full of evil and impurity, and this life is
a perpetual warfare, in which all that is good perishes and all that is
evil prevails. Even the elements of the world change and pass away,
and much more human things. No degree is exempted: the hearts of
kings are disturbed by fear of change, and terrors prevail in spite of
royal banquets and bodyguards.
Cap. VI. Man was created for the service of God, and the world
was given for his use. He was made in the image of God, and he
learnt gradually the purpose of his creation and to love his Creator.
Cap. VII. All things were put under his feet, and were made to
minister to him. He ought therefore to remember whence he is and
who gave him these things. Again, when by man’s sin the race of
man was corrupted, the Creator himself restored and redeemed it,
taking the form of a servant. Man ought therefore to confess him as
Lord and follow his precepts with a devout mind.
Cap. VIII. Man is a microcosm or lesser world, and according as
he does ill or well, the greater world is good or bad. Man ought
therefore to aim at high things, and not to submit himself to the rule
of sin.
Cap. IX. When death comes, when the throat is dry and the face
bloodless, when the eyes are fixed and the tongue silent, when the
pulse beats no more and the feet can no longer move, what then will
the proud man say? The body in which he prided himself is now food
for worms, his strength is less than that of a fly, and his beauty is
turned into loathing. His wealth and his pomp avail him no longer, the
serpent is his attendant and the charnel-house is his bed-chamber.
Cap. X. The envious man, who once gnawed upon others, is now
himself devoured: he who laughed at the misfortunes of others,
laughs now no more; the heart that so much murmured now suffers
putrefaction; the sting of envy can pierce no more.
Cap. XI. He who was full of anger, now cannot move his head; he
who uttered furious words, now cannot make a sound; he who
terrified others by his threats, now does not scare away the worm
which eats his heart.
Cap. XII. What can avarice do for him who has served her? He
has no chest but his coffin, no land but the seven feet of earth in
which he lies. He who preyed upon others, is himself the prey of
death; he who closed his purse against the poor, is now himself in
want.
Cap. XIII. The slothful man who was given to sleep, has now
abundance of it, with the cold earth instead of his soft bed-coverings.
He who seldom came to the church, now never leaves it, but his time
for prayer is past.
Cap. XIV. Gluttony is no longer a pleasure; the body which
delighted in choice food and drink is now full of vileness and horror,
the abode of foul reptiles.
Cap. XV. The man who took pleasure in lechery, delights in it now
no more. His members are preyed upon by the serpent, and he can
no longer use his hands, his eyes, or his tongue in the service of
lust. No longer can he commit incest or violate the honour of virginity.
Cap. XVI. Answer, thou sinful man, what will thy pride do for thee
then, thy envy, thy anger, thy sloth, thy gluttony, thy lechery, or thy
avarice? All the glory of this world perishes and passes away.
Cap. XVII. Everything passes away, wealth, honour, beauty,
power, learning, and pleasure. Our flesh grows old as a garment and
we perish. He is happy and a true king who rules himself, he is a
slave (though called a king) who is subject to his own vices. Our life
is so short and death comes so soon, that we ought all to prepare for
our journey hence. Death comes when we least expect it, and takes
away our wealth and strength, nor can any man redeem himself with
gold, or move with gifts the Judge who judges all things justly.
Cap. XVIII. Death is common to all, but to the good it is a cause
of joy, to the evil of sorrow. The good will pass by means of death to
a place of perfect peace and perfect joy, such as cannot be
described or imagined.
Cap. XIX. The evil-doer has a twofold death, the death of the
body and the death of the soul. No words can tell the torment of that
second death, which is eternal. How terrible will the Judgement be
and how direful the sentence! Happy are they who shall escape such
punishment.
Cap. XX. Let each man remember what his condition is, and let
him repent in time, turning himself to the service of his Creator. Let
him submit to punishment in this life, that he may escape that which
is eternal: for it is the property of God to forgive and to have mercy.
Cap. XXI. Almost everyone, however, follows the lusts of his flesh
and neglects the cause of his soul. The unrighteous have power
everywhere, and all vices flourish.
Cap. XXII. The days are coming which Christ foretold, and the
signs which he predicted are visible now. God’s sentence is still
delayed, in order that the sinner may have room for repentance.
Hardly even a few just men are found to save the world from
destruction.
Cap. XXIII. Each one of the various degrees of society has
departed from its true virtue, and the deadly vices have rule over the
whole. Prelates are worldly, priests unchaste, scholars lazy, monks
envious and self-indulgent, knights are evil livers, merchants
defraud, peasants are disobedient and proud. The enticements of
the world have overcome them all.
Cap. XXIV. I love all the realms of Christendom, but most of all I
love this land in which I was born. From other lands I stand apart and
am not involved in their calamities; but this country of mine, which
brought me up from childhood and in which I dwell, cannot suffer evil
without affecting me: by its burdens I am weighed down; if it stands, I
stand, if it falls, I fall. Therefore it is that I bewail its present divisions.
One thing above all things is needful, and that is justice, with
which is associated peace. If in other lands the sins of the flesh
prevail, yet there they are to some extent compensated; for there
justice prevails and all are equal before the law. Among us, however,
not only is there carnal vice, but justice is absent; so that a terrible
vengeance is being prepared for us by God.
We, who have always been favoured by fortune, are now brought
low; this land, which was once reputed so wealthy, is now poor both
in virtue and in possessions; my country, which was so strong, is
made feeble by unjust judgements; she who was so fertile, is now
sown with salt; she who had Fame for her sister, is now infamous, all
her praise is taken away and her glory is departed. Her lords are
sunk in sloth, her clergy is dissolute, her cities full of discord, her
laws oppressive and without justice, her people discontented.
O land barren of virtue, where is thy past fortune? omens appear
which presage thy fate, and all point to thee as an example. It is not
by fortune or by chance that this comes about, but by our sins; and
the grace of God even now may be found by repentance. I pray that
God may show us his mercy and accept our tears. We know that
thou, O God, art alone to be worshipped, that thou art the ruler of all
things, and not fortune. Show pity therefore, O God!
Cap. XXV. Such were the verses which came to me by inspiration
in my sleep. It is not I who speak them, but the common voice of all.
Let him who feels himself in fault amend his ways, and he who feels
himself free from fault may pass untouched. I accuse no man; let
each examine his own conscience.
The world is neither evil nor good: each man may make of it what
he will by his own life. 71But this I say, that sin committed and not
purged by repentance receives at length its due reward.