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Medical Surgical Nursing 3Rd Edition Dewit Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Medical Surgical Nursing 3Rd Edition Dewit Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is teaching about changes in the immune system that result from the aging process.
Which change should the nurse include?
a. Thickened skin
b. Reduced ciliary action
c. Thinned periosteum
d. Reduced saliva
ANS: B
Reduced ciliary action in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts results in a decrease in the
removal of harmful organisms.
2. The nurse differentiates the humoral response from the cell-mediated response. Which
statement about cell-mediated response is true?
a. The sensitized lymphocytes attack the cell for which they were sensitized.
b. Cells produce new antibodies.
c. The response does not occur until the white blood cell (WBC) count rises.
d. There is a systemic response of fever and malaise.
ANS: A
Cell-mediated response occurs when the specifically antigen-sensitized T lymphocytes attack
whole cells, infectious organisms, and nonliving matter such as pollen and dust.
5. The nurse is reviewing laboratory results of a patient who had surgery 2 days ago. The nurse
notes that the C-reactive protein is elevated. What potential problem does this finding
indicate?
a. Impending infection
b. Possible hemorrhage
c. A drug allergic reaction
d. Fluid deficit
ANS: A
Since inflammation is an early response to infection, an elevation of the C-reactive protein
(which elevates with inflammation) is an indicator of possible impending infection. C-reactive
protein is not directly related to hemorrhage, drug reaction, or fluid deficit.
8. The nurse is aware that unlike dogs, humans do not contract such diseases as distemper.
Which type of immunity explains this protection?
a. Passive immunity
b. Acquired immunity
c. Innate immunity
d. Passive natural immunity
ANS: C
Innate immunity is based on the genetic makeup of a particular species that allows that species
to be immune to specific diseases without having had the infection themselves. An example is
humans don’t get distemper, but dogs do. Humans do not get hoof-and-mouth disease, but
cows do.
9. The young father tells the industrial nurse at work that he is afraid he will give his 2-week-old
baby his cold. The nurse can assure him that the baby is protected by which type of
immunity?
a. Acquired immunity
b. Passive immunity
c. Active immunity
d. Passive natural immunity
ANS: D
Passive natural immunity is the immunity a baby gets from the mother, in utero or from breast
milk, that lasts for the first several months of the baby’s life.
10. Which scenario explains how a patient can be protected by passive artificial immunity?
a. Receiving an injection with immune globulin
b. Receiving immunizations
c. Contracting the disease
d. Consuming sufficient antioxidants
ANS: A
Immunoglobulin contains antibodies against not just one but many infectious diseases. This
type of immune globulin is used when a susceptible person is exposed to or contracts a
communicable disease since it enhances the immune system. Immunizations are a form of
active artificially acquired immunity. Contracting the disease initiates naturally acquired
immunity. Antioxidants are thought to simply boost the immune system.
12. How does long-term alcohol abuse lead to alteration in the immune system?
a. It alters the effectiveness of antibodies.
b. It stimulates autoimmune activity.
c. It impairs the ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
d. It shortens the life of circulating antibodies.
ANS: C
Alcohol impairs the ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
13. The industrial nurse should teach all middle-aged employees to receive a tetanus booster how
often?
a. Every 2 years
b. Every 4 years
c. Every 7 years
d. Every 10 years
ANS: D
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults get a tetanus
booster every 10 years.
14. The outpatient clinic nurse is collecting a health history on a 78-year-old patient who has a
history of emphysema. Which annual immunization is most important for the patient to
receive?
a. Tetanus
b. Influenza
c. Pneumonia
d. Hepatitis B
ANS: B
The CDC recommends that older adults, people with respiratory impairment, and health care
workers acquire an annual influenza immunization. A pneumonia vaccination is important for
this patient, but it is not given on a yearly basis. Tetanus and hepatitis B are recommended for
most individuals but are not given annually.
15. The nurse is working in a flu immunization clinic. Which situation would require a
postponement of immunization?
a. A patient has a history of asthma.
b. A patient takes herbal remedies such as valerian and Ginkgo biloba daily.
c. A patient has a history of poorly controlled diabetes.
d. A patient received immune globulin 2 weeks ago.
ANS: D
Immune globulin will decrease the immune response to the vaccine, rendering it useless.
Asthma, Ginkgo biloba, and uncontrolled diabetes do not prevent an individual from receiving
a flu immunization.
16. After assessing a patient, the nurse suspects that the patient has an abscessed tooth. Which
assessment finding confirms that the immune system is fighting the abscess?
a. Anorexia
b. Purulent expectorate
c. Foul breath
d. Enlarged cervical lymph node
ANS: D
The enlarged lymph node near to the actual infection is evidence that the B- and
T-lymphocytes are making antibodies and the activity in the lymph node has caused it to
enlarge. Anorexia, purulent expectorate, and foul breath are manifestations consistent with the
presence of an abscess.
17. The nurse is evaluating the patient’s understanding of his new diagnosis of rheumatoid
arthritis. Which statement reflects an understanding of the disease process?
a. “My body lacks an appropriate response to invading bacteria.”
b. “My body produces an immune response to my own cells and tissues.”
c. “My body immediately produces a protein that is specifically designed to fight off
an antigen.”
d. My body has a delayed response in which lymphocytes attack whole cells like
bacteria.”
ANS: B
When a patient has an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, the body produces an
immune response to a “self” cell or tissue. Lacking an appropriate response is characteristic of
an immune deficiency. Immediate production of a protein (an antibody) to an antigen is a
normal humoral immune response. The statement involving the delayed response of
lymphocytes is referred to a cell-mediated response.
18. The mother of a young child voices concern about immunizations for her child. Which
response is best?
a. “Immunization is generally a safe method of avoiding certain diseases and the
complications that go along with these diseases.”
b. “There are no risk factors associated with immunizations, so there is no reason to
worry.”
c. “I really don’t understand the thinking behind people not immunizing their
children if it can prevent disease.”
d. “Recommendations of Healthy People 2020 Goal 14 is to reduce or eliminate
cases of vaccine-preventable diseases, so I strongly urge you to immunize your
child.”
ANS: A
This is the best response since immunizations are generally safe and do help prevent certain
diseases and complications of diseases. There are risk factors, such as allergic reaction to
vaccinations, so this should be discussed with the mother. The nurse should not voice personal
feelings about immunization. Although increasing immunizations is a goal of Healthy People
2020, this is not a helpful response to a parent.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
19. Which mechanisms are ways in which antibodies can protect the body by either destroying or
inactivating a particular antigen? (Select all that apply.)
a. Mechanically harming the antigen
b. Activating the complement system
c. Releasing chemicals that alter the environment of the antigen
d. Directly attacking the nucleus of the antigen
e. Forming organic “chains” that sweep out the antigen
ANS: A, B, C
Antibodies destroy an antigen by mechanically harming it, activating the complement system,
and releasing chemicals that alter the environment of the antigen.
20. Which statements about passive immunity are true? (Select all that apply.)
a. Passive immunity lasts for several years.
b. Passive immunity stimulates the production of antibodies.
c. Passive immunity prevents further tissue damage.
d. Passive immunity provides temporary immunity from the disease.
e. Passive immunity is given by vaccination.
ANS: C, D
Passive immunity prevents further damage when a disease is already present. Passive
immunity provides the protection of antibodies made by someone else. Benefits of passive
immunity are usually time limited as the antibodies provided only last for a specific period.
Active artificial acquired immunity is achieved through immunizations.
21. Techniques of testing for possible allergy include which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. The scratch test
b. Drinking diluted solution of antigen
c. Intradermal injection
d. Dropping solution in the eye
e. Adhesive patches
ANS: A, B, C, E
Testing for allergy in the eye is no longer done. All other options will produce an
inflammatory response from the application of the antigen.
22. Which patient would the nurse consider to be immunosuppressed? (Select all that apply.)
a. A patient on chemotherapy for cancer
b. A patient using corticosteroids
c. A patient pregnant at 28 weeks gestation
d. A patient recovering from joint replacement
e. A patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
ANS: A, B, D, E
A woman at 28 weeks gestation is not considered immunocompromised. All of the other
options represent people who are immunosuppressed.
23. The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed patient. Which care considerations should the
nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increase fresh fruit intake.
b. Adhere to Standard Precautions.
c. Avoid bringing potted plants into the patient’s room.
d. Employ reverse isolation.
e. Use filters on air conditioner vents.
ANS: B, C, D, E
Patients who are immunosuppressed require extended precautions, which are included in the
neutropenic precautions, reverse isolation, or protective isolation. Fresh fruit and potted plants
should be avoided because bacteria and other substances that have the potential to cause harm
may be present.
COMPLETION
24. The bone marrow produces a(n) _______ cell that can differentiate itself to acquire individual
characteristics.
ANS:
stem
Stem cells, which are produced by the bone marrow, are capable of differentiating themselves
as they mature into different cells, such as liver cells and brain cells.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 197, 199, Table 10-1
OBJ: 1 (theory) TOP: Stem Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
25. The nurse explains that the immediate response of a person’s body that produces an antibody
is called the _____________.
ANS:
humoral response
The humoral response is the immediate response of the immune system when it recognizes an
antigen and then makes antibody.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 201
OBJ: 1 (theory) TOP: Humoral Response
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
26. Plasma cells are stimulated to produce large quantities of specific antibodies by
____________.
ANS:
memory cells
Memory cells reactivate the plasma cells to make specialized antibodies for the antigen that
the memory cells have detected.
27. Lymphoid tissue that is typically found in the ileum portion of the small bowel is called
____________.
ANS:
Peyer patches
MATCHING
Place the events of the complement system of proteins in the correct sequence.
a. Antibodies attack the antigen.
b. Break in cell wall allows salt to enter antigen cell.
c. Antigen swells and bursts.
d. Water enters the antigen cell.
e. Proteins embed in cell wall of antigen.
28. Step 1
29. Step 2
30. Step 3
31. Step 4
32. Step 5
COMMENTS
CONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT
COMMENTS
ILLUSTRATION 2
CONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT
COMMENTS
CONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT
COMMENTS
CONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT
Miss Maile can easily keep this matter out of the superintendent’s
hands by inviting the gentleman into her room, appointing a
committee to apologize for the room, since one of its members has
committed a breach of good manners. The words can be very few.
“We are sorry to have been rude. Please excuse us.”
We would suggest also in a school where there is a strong tendency
toward bad manners, that you apply the principles of suggestion and
approval. Some morning when the pupils are in a good mood, say:
“I want to tell you how proud I am this morning.” (Smile at this
point, allowing your pupils to wonder what you are going to say
next.) Then, after waiting four or five seconds, continue: “I have been
watching pupils in my classes lately, both here in the school and
outside, and I have noticed many pupils who are very polite. It looks
fine to see a pupil pick up something another has dropped. I
remember a boy—a fine looking fellow—everyone liked him, and I
used to wonder why it was that everybody spoke to him and why
everybody liked him so well. I noticed that whenever he saw a chance
to do a kind act for anybody he always did it. If he happened to
annoy anybody, he always stopped and told the person he was sorry;
whenever he walked in front of anybody he always said, ‘Excuse me,’
and he always made everyone feel happy because he was so kind.
That is the kind of a person I like, and I believe that is the reason he
was liked so well. I visited a school once in which all the pupils were
just as polite as could be, and the teacher seemed to be proud
because the pupils showed such good manners. I tell you, I am going
to watch from now on to see how many boys and girls in my room are
polite. It is certainly fine to do a kindness for someone. I like the boy
or girl who does it.”
The next day, smile again and say, “I’m even prouder than I was
yesterday morning. I saw several kind acts yesterday by my pupils. I
tell you, I appreciate it very much.”
COMMENTS
CONSTRUCTIVE TREATMENT