Rael numbers and their properties

Example: Check the set(s) to which each number belongs?

number Natural Whole Integer Rational Irrational Real
-6 x x x
23 x x
−2 x x
7
2.35 x x
3 x x x x x

Real number line:

Example: locate and label the points on the real number line associated with the numbers

1 1 3
-3.5, -1 , , 2.5
4 2 4
solution

Absolute Value:
Note: the inverse under addition also called the opposite

Exercises:
Q1)

1,3,6,7

5
-5 -4 -1.5 0 9
4

Note:
Notations :
 less than
 greater than
example :
− 2  −5 , 3  7

Q2) Simplify each expression?

a) 8 − 2
8−2 = 6 = 6
b) 1 − 6
1 − 6 = −5 = 5
c) 4 + (5 + x)
4 + (5 + x) = (4 + 5) + x = 9 + x
d )5(2 x)
5(2 x) = ( (5)(2) ) x = 10 x
e) 5(2 x − 8)
5(2 x − 8) = 10 x − 40

Q4) state the property that justify the given expressions:

a) x + 5 = 5 + x Com.(+ )
c)6( x + 3) = 6 x + 18 Dis.
d ) 2 + (−2) = 0 Inv( +)
1
e)3( ) = 1 Inv()
3
f )(2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4) Ass.( +)

Note: the inverse under multiplication also called reciprocal

Number inverse(reciprocal)
 1
2
2

state the property that justify the given expressions:

a)2+3=3+2
b)5+0=5
1
c)4( )=1
4
d)10(0.1)=1
e)4+x = x+4
f)3(x-10)=3x-30
h)2(y+8)=2y+16
i)3+(4+5)=(3+4)+5
g ) x(3 y ) = 3( xy )
x(3 y ) = ( x3) y = (3x) y = 3( xy )
k )7(1) = 7

Solution

a)2+3=3+2 Comm.(+)
b)5+0=5 Id.(+)
1
c)4( )=1 Inv.(×)
4
d)10(0.1)=1 Inv.(×)
e)4+x = x+4 Comm.( +)
f)3(x-10)=3x-30 Dis.
h)2(y+8)=2y+16 Dis.
i)3+(4+5)=(3+4)+5 Asso.
g ) x(3 y ) = 3( xy ) Asso. + Comm. + Asso.
x(3 y ) = ( x3) y = (3 x) y = 3( xy )

k )7(1) = 7 Id.(×)

Order of operations
1. Parentheses (simplify inside)
2. Exponents
3. Multiplication or Division (from left to right)
4. Addition or Subtraction (from left to right)
Q5) simplify as much as possible
a)-5 ( -3)( -4 )
b)4(−3) + 6(−5) − 10
c) − 3(−2)3 − 5(−4) 2
d )6 − 4(7 − 2)

Solution:
a)-5 ( -3)( -4 ) = 15( −4) = −60
b)4(−3) + 6(−5) − 10 = −12 + 6(−5) − 10 = −12 + (−30) − 10 = −12 − 30 − 10 = −52
c) − 3(−2)3 − 5(−4) 2 = −3(−8) − 5(16) = 24 − 5(16) = 24 − 80 = −56
d )6 − 4(7 − 2) = 6 − 4(5) = 6 − 20 = −14

Example: classify the following set of numbers?

e 8
{-2, 13, 27, 30, 5.999..., , − 22.2546987..., 0, 2.9, ,  2 , 3.5}
2 4

solution :
8
N:{13, 30, }
4
8
W:{13, 30, , 0}
4
8
Z:{13, 30, , 0, − 2, }
4
8
Q:{13, 30, , 0, − 2, 5.999...2.9,3.5}
4
e
Q:{ 27, , − 22.2546987...,  2 }
2
e 8
R:{-2, 13, 27, 30, 5.999..., , − 22.2546987..., 0, 2.9, ,  2 , 3.5}
2 4
Example: True or False
1)Q  Z .....F ..
2) N  Q . ...F .....
3) 1, −5  Z ....T ....
4) 9  N .....T ....
5)2.47895625...  Q .....T ...
1) Simplify each expression? Q2) state the property that justify
a) 9 − 4 the given expressions:
a)0+7=7
b) 2 − 7
b)2+ = +2
c) − 3 + (2 + x)
c)4+(-4)=0
d )6(3 x)
5
e) − 2(3 x + 4) d) (0.4)=1
2
f)-2 ( -2 )( -4 ) e)4+ ( x+y ) = ( x+4 ) + y
j )2(−4) + 6(−3) − 7 f)2(x-7)=2x-14
h) − 4(−1) − 5(−2)
3 2
j )8(1) = 8
i )3 − 4(5 + 6)

Solution:
a) 9 − 4 = 5
b) 2 − 7 = −5 = 5
c) − 3 + (2 + x) = (−3 + 2) + x = −1 + x
d )6(3 x) = (6(3)) x = 18 x
e) − 2(3x + 4) = −6 x − 8
f)-2 ( -2 )( -4 ) = −16
j )2(−4) + 6(−3) − 7 = −8 + (−18) − 7 = −8 − 18 − 7 = −33
h) − 4(−1)3 − 5(−2) 2 = −4(−1) − 5(4) = 4 − 20 = −16
i )3 − 4(5 + 6) = 3 − 4(11) = 3 − 44 = −41
a)0+7=7 Ide.(+)
b)2+ = +2 Com..(+)
c)4+(-4)=0 Inv( +)
5
d) (0.4)=1 Inv()
2
e)4+ ( x+y ) = ( x+4 ) + y Ass. + Com.
4+ ( x+y ) = ( 4+x ) + y = ( x+4 ) + y
f)2(x-7)=2x-14 Dis.
j )8(1) = 8 Id(×)