Principles of Reinforced Concrete/Pre-stressed Concrete

Analysis and Design of T Beams

E.B. Barbas
Analysis of T Beams

T Beams

Floor slabs constructed

monolithically with the
supporting beams have
an effect of providing
extra widths at the top of
the beams. Thus, the
beam sections effective in
Flange carrying the loads form a
T shape. Consequently,
the beams are called T
beams.

Web or
Stem
Analysis of T Beams

Stress Distribution Over Flange Width

Non-uniform
uniform
compressive stress
distribution over
the flange due
shear deformation

Compressive stress distribution

over the flange width
Analysis of T Beams

Effective Flange Width

ACI 318-08 Provisions

8.12.2 — Width of slab effective (be) as a T-beam flange shall not exceed one-
quarter of the span length (ℓ) of the beam, and the effective overhanging flange
width on each side of the web shall not exceed:
(a) Eight times the slab thickness (hf) ; and
(b) One-half the clear distance to the next web.

8.12.3 — For beams with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange
width shall not exceed:
(a) One-twelfth the span length of the beam;
(b) Six times the slab thickness; and
(c) One-half the clear distance to the next web.
Analysis of T Beams

Effective Flange Width

Analysis of T Beams

ACI 318-08 Provisions

8.12.4 — Isolated beams, in which the T-shape is used to provide a flange for
additional compression area, shall have a flange thickness not less than one-half
the width of web and an effective flange width not more than four times the
width of web.

1
hf ≥ 𝑏𝑤
2

be ≤ 4𝑏𝑤
Analysis of T Beams

ACI 318-08 Provisions

8.12.5 — Where primary flexural reinforcement in a slab that is considered as a T-
beam flange (excluding joist construction) is parallel to the beam, reinforcement
perpendicular to the beam shall be provided in the top of the slab in accordance
with the following:
8.12.5.1 — Transverse reinforcement shall be designed to carry the factored
load on the overhanging slab width assumed to act as a cantilever. For isolated
beams, the full width of overhanging flange shall be considered. For other T-
beams, only the effective overhanging slab width need be considered.
8.12.5.2 — Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than five
times the slab thickness, nor farther apart than 450 mm.
Analysis of T Beams

ACI 318-08 Provisions

8.12.5.1 — Transverse reinforcement shall be designed to carry the factored load
on the overhanging slab width assumed to act as a cantilever. For isolated beams,
the full width of overhanging flange shall be considered. For other T-beams, only
the effective overhanging slab width need be considered.

8.12.5.2 — Transverse reinforcement

shall be spaced not farther apart
than five times the slab thickness,
nor farther apart than 450 mm.

spacing ≤ 5hf
≤ 450𝑚𝑚
 Analysis of T Beams

Strength Analysis for T-Sections under Positive Bending

❖ Case 1 Condition: 𝒂 ≤ 𝒉𝒇
𝑏𝑒 0.85𝑓𝑐′
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
𝑐 𝑎 𝐶𝑐
ℎ𝑓

𝐴𝑠
𝑇
𝜀𝑠
𝑏𝑤 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐 =
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑒
Analyze like a regular
rectangular beam 𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑑 − 2
having a width 𝑏𝑒
 Analysis of T Beams

Strength Analysis for T-Sections under Positive Bending

❖ Case 2 Condition: 𝒂 > 𝒉𝒇
𝑏𝑒 0.85𝑓𝑐′
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
𝐶𝑐
ℎ𝑓 𝑎
𝑐

𝐴𝑠
𝑇
𝜀𝑠
𝑏𝑤

Analyze the beam into two parts, e.i., decompose the

compressive concrete block into two rectangular blocks
 Analysis of T Beams

Strength Analysis for T-Sections under Positive Bending

❖ Case 2 Condition: 𝒂 > 𝒉𝒇
𝑏𝑒
Part 1 Part 2
ℎ𝑓

𝐴𝑠
= 𝐴𝑠𝑓
+ 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓

𝑏𝑤

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
Computational model under Case 2
 Analysis of T Beams
Strength Analysis for T-Sections under Positive Bending
❖ Case 2 Condition: 𝒂 > 𝒉𝒇
𝑏𝑒 0.85𝑓𝑐′
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
𝑐 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 𝐶𝑐𝑓

𝑑
Part 1

𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝑇
𝜀𝑠
𝑏𝑤
ℎ𝑓
𝐶𝑐𝑓 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑑 −
2
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦
ℎ𝑓
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 𝑑−
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 2
𝑓𝑦
 Analysis of T Beams
Strength Analysis for T-Sections under Positive Bending
❖ Case 2 Condition: 𝒂 > 𝒉𝒇
𝑏𝑒 0.85𝑓𝑐′
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
𝑐 𝐶𝑐𝑤
𝑎

𝑑
Part 2

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝑇
𝜀𝑠
𝑏𝑤 𝑎
𝑀𝑛2 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 𝑑 −
2
𝐶𝑐𝑤 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦
𝑎= 𝑎
𝑇 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) 𝑑 −
2
Analysis of T Beams
Summary
❖ Case 2: 𝒂 > 𝒉𝒇

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2

ℎ𝑓 𝑎
𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑑 − 𝑀𝑛2 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 𝑑 −
2 2
𝑎
ℎ𝑓 𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) 𝑑 −
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦 𝑑− 2
2
𝐶𝑐𝑤 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤
𝐶𝑐𝑓 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 )
𝑇 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑓𝑦
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑎=
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤
𝑓𝑦
Analysis of T Beams
Reinforcement Limits

Minimum reinforcement
ACI 10.5.1

0.25 𝑓𝑐 ′ 1.4
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 But not less than 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦

ACI 10.5.2
For statically determinate members with a flange in tension, As,min shall not
be less than the value given by Eq. (10-3), except that bw is replaced by
either 2bw or the width of the flange, whichever is smaller.

For T beams subjected to negative bending

𝑏𝑤 = min(2𝑏𝑤 , 𝑏𝑒 )
Analysis of T Beams
Reinforcement Limits

Maximum reinforcement
10.3.5 — For nonprestressed flexural members and nonprestressed
members with factored axial compressive load less than 0.10fc′Ag, εt
at nominal strength shall not be less than 0.004.

𝜌𝑤 (𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝜌𝑓

𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝜌𝑓 =
𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Analysis of T Beams

ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

1. Determine effective T beam dimensions.

2. Check the amount of reinforcement for code compliance. If the
section reinforcement is non-compliant, we simply put a remark “
section is non-compliant to…”. The strength is not calculated.
3. Assume tension reinforcement to yield at failure (as this will nearly be
the case) and compute Mn.
4. Establish ∅Mu.
5. Check the net tensile strain 𝜀𝑡 .
Analysis of T Beams

DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Establish ℎ𝑓 .
2. Determine 𝑏𝑒 following the provisions of the design code.
3. Determine 𝑏𝑤 .
4. Compute 𝐴𝑠 by satisfying the strength requirement

∅𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
5. Check for reinforcement limits and verify the mode of failure by
computing 𝜀𝑡 .
 Analysis of T Beams

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Ex.1.
 Analysis of T Beams

Solution to Problem 1
Given: 𝑓𝑐 ’= 5,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ; 𝑓𝑦 = 60,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; ℓ = 24 𝑓𝑡.
Req′ d: ∅𝑀𝑛 & 𝜀𝑡
Problem Type: Investigation/Analysis
1. Determine effective T beam dimensions.
𝑏𝑒 = 60" ℓ = 24 ft. = 288"
clear transverse span = 5 ft. = 60“
ℎ𝑓 =3”
ℎ𝑓 = 3"

𝑏𝑤 + clear transverse span = 72"

𝑏𝑤 + 2 8ℎ𝑓 = 60"
4#8 𝑏𝑒 ≤
ℓ
= 72"
4

𝑏𝑤 = 12"
 Analysis of T Beams

Solution to Problem 1

2. Check the amount of reinforcement…. Note: we’re using English units, so this
constant is 3. In SI units this is 0.25
𝑏𝑒 = 60"
This is 1.4 in SI units.
ℎ𝑓 =3”
3 𝑓𝑐 ′ 3 5000
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 12 24 = 1.018 𝑖𝑛2
𝑓𝑦 60000
𝑑=24”
200 200
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑑 = 60000 12 24 = 0.96 𝑖𝑛2
4#8 𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝐴𝑠(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 4 0.79 = 3.16 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴𝑠(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) > 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) . Hence, reinforcement

𝑏𝑤 = 12"
complies with the minimum requirement
Analysis of T Beams
𝑏𝑒 = 60" 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

Solution to Problem 1 ℎ𝑓 =3”

𝑐

3. Compute Mn…. 𝑑=24”

4#8
𝜀𝑠
❖ Assume fs=fy
❖ Determine Case No.
𝑏𝑤 = 12"

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 3.16(60000)
𝑎= = ❖ Theoretical Strength
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑒 0.85(5000)(60)
𝑎
𝑎 = 0.744" < ℎ𝑓 (𝑪𝑨𝑺𝑬 𝟏) 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2
0.744 1
𝑀𝑛 = 3.16 60000 24 −
2 12000
𝑀𝑛 = 373.32 k − ft
Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 60" 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =3”
Solution to Problem 1 𝑐

3. Compute Mn…. 𝑑=24”

This is 28 in 4#8
❖ Design Strength 𝑀𝑢 SI units.
𝜀𝑠

❖ Net Tensile Strain 𝜀𝑡 𝑏𝑤 = 12"

This is 7 in
𝑓𝑐′ − 4000 SI units.
𝛽1 = 0.85 − 0.05
1000
𝑀𝑢 = 0.9 373.32
𝛽1 = 0.80
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐 ; 𝑐 = 0.744/0.80 = 0.93“ 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟑𝟑𝟔 𝒌 − 𝒇𝒕 𝑨𝒏𝒔.
𝜀𝑡 0.003
= ; 𝜀𝑡 = 0.0744
24 − 0.93 0.93
Is 𝜀𝑡 ≥ 0.005? 𝑌𝐸𝑆
60000
𝜀𝑦 = = 0.0021 yield strain
29000000
𝜀𝑡 = 𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 > 0.005 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; ∅ = 0.9
Analysis of T Beams

Problem 2
2 . Determine the design moment strengths of the beams shown
below if fc’=28 Mpa and fy=420 Mpa. Is the steel percentage
sufficient to ensure tensile behvior, that 𝜀𝑡 ≥ 0.005?
800 𝑚𝑚

100 𝑚𝑚

800 𝑚𝑚

8#32

400 𝑚𝑚
 800 𝑚𝑚
Analysis of T Beams

Solution 100 𝑚𝑚
Given: 𝑓𝑐 ’= 28 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ; 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Req′ d: ∅𝑀𝑛 & 𝜀𝑡 800 𝑚𝑚
Problem Type: Investigation/Analysis
8#32
1. Determine effective T beam dimensions.
“ The given section is NOT an isolated
T beam section. The dimensions 400 𝑚𝑚
given are assumed effective.”
2. Check the amount of reinforcement….
0.25 𝑓𝑐 ′ 0.25 28
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 400 800 = 1,007.91 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 420
1.4 1.4
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑑 = 420 400 800 = 1,066.67 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝑤
𝐴𝑠(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 8 819 = 6,552 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) > 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) . Hence, reinf.
complies with the minimum requirement
Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
𝑐
Solution to Problem 2
𝑑=800
3. Compute Mn…. 8#32
𝜀𝑠

❖ Assume fs=fy
❖ Determine Case No. 𝑏𝑤 = 400

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑒 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑒
Part 1 Part 2
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 6552(420) ℎ𝑓
𝑎= =
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑒 0.85(28)(800)
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 +
𝑎 = 144.53 𝑚 𝑚 > ℎ𝑓 (𝑪𝑨𝑺𝑬 𝟐)
𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓
❖ Theoretical Strength 𝑏𝑤

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2

 𝑏𝑒
Analysis of T Beams Part 1 Part 2
ℎ𝑓
Solution to Problem 2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 +
3. Compute Mn….
𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓
❖ Theoretical Strength 𝑏𝑤

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 )

ℎ𝑓 𝐴𝑠𝑓 =
𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑑 −
2
100 0.85(28)(100)(800 − 400)
𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85(28)(100) (800 − 400) 800 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 =
2 420
𝑀𝑛1 = 714 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 2266.67 𝑚𝑚2
𝑎
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) 𝑑 − (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦
2 𝑎= = 189.06 𝑚𝑚
189.06 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤
𝑀𝑛2 = (6552 − 2667.67)(420) 800 −
2 (6552 − 2266.67)(420)
𝑀𝑛2 = 1269.73 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑎=
0.85 28 (400)

𝑴𝒏 = 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝑎 = 189.06 𝑚𝑚2

Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
𝑐
Solution to Problem 2

3. Compute Mn…. 𝑑=800

8#32
𝜀𝑠
❖ Design Strength 𝑀𝑢
𝑏𝑤 = 400
❖ Net Tensile Strain 𝜀𝑡
𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐; 𝑐 = 189.06/0.85 = 222.42 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑢 = 0.9 1983.73
𝜀𝑡 0.003
= ; 𝜀 = 0.00779
800 − 222.42 222.42 𝑡 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟔 𝒌 − 𝒇𝒕 𝑨𝒏𝒔.
420
𝜀𝑦 = = 0.0021 yield strain
200000
Is 𝜀𝑡 ≥ 0.005? 𝑌𝐸𝑆
𝜀𝑡 = 𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 > 0.005 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; ∅ = 0.9
Analysis of T Beams

Problem 3
3 . A T beam with effective dimensions shown below is expected to carry a
design moment load Mu of 2000 kN-m. Using fc’=28 Mpa and fy=420 Mpa.
A) Calculate the minimum and maximum amounts of steel reinforcements
permitted, and B) Determine the amount of required reinforcement.
800 𝑚𝑚

100 𝑚𝑚

800 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠

400 𝑚𝑚
 800 𝑚𝑚
Analysis of T Beams

Solution 100 𝑚𝑚
Given: 𝑓𝑐 ’= 28 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ; 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Req′ d: 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) , 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) , 𝐴𝑠 800 𝑚𝑚
Problem Type: Investigation/Analysis
𝐴𝑠
1. Minimum and maximum reinforcements
❖ Minimum As
0.25 𝑓𝑐 ′ 400 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑓𝑦
0.25 28
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 400 800 = 1,007.91 𝑚𝑚2
420
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛
1.4 1.4
𝑏 𝑑 = 420 400 800 = 1,066.67 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝑤

𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = 1,066.67 𝑚𝑚2

Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
Solution to Problem 3 𝑐

𝑑=800
1. Minimum and….
𝐴𝑠
❖ Maximum As (𝜀𝑠 = 0.004) 𝜀𝑠 = 0.004

𝛽1 = 0.85 𝑏𝑤 = 400
0.004 + 0.003 0.003
=
800 𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥)
𝑏𝑒
𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 342.86 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 2 Part 1 Part 2
ℎ𝑓
𝑎 = 0.85 342.86
𝑎 = 291.43 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 +

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝑏𝑤
Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
Solution to Problem 3 𝑐

𝑑=800
1. Minimum and….
𝐴𝑠
❖ Maximum As (𝜀𝑠 = 0.004) 𝜀𝑠 = 0.004

for Asf
𝑏𝑤 = 400

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑐𝑓
0.85𝑓𝑐′
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 800
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
𝐴𝑠𝑓 =
𝑓𝑦 𝑐 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 𝐶𝑐𝑓

0.85(28)(100)(800 − 400)
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝑑
420
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 2266.67 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝑇
𝜀𝑠 =0.004
400
Part 1
Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
Solution to Problem 3 𝑐

𝑑=800
1. Minimum and….
𝐴𝑠
❖ Maximum As (𝜀𝑠 = 0.004) 𝜀𝑠 = 0.004

for As
𝑏𝑤 = 400

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑐𝑤
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 800
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
0.85𝑓𝑐′

𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝐶𝑐𝑤
𝑓𝑦 𝑐
𝑎 = 291.43

0.85(28)(291.43)(400)
𝐴𝑠 = + 2266.67 𝑑
420
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 8872.42 𝑚𝑚2 𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑇
𝜀𝑠 =0.004

Maximum amount of reinforcement 400

permitted for ductile section Part 2

 Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
Solution to Problem 3 𝑐

𝑑=800
2. Design reinforcement….
𝐴𝑠
“ we know its case 2 from 𝜀𝑠
example no. 2”
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 2266.67 𝑚𝑚2 𝑏𝑤 = 400

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2 800 0.85𝑓𝑐′

𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
ℎ𝑓
𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ℎ𝑓 (𝑏𝑒 − 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑑 − 𝑐 𝑎 = ℎ𝑓 𝐶𝑐𝑓
2
100
𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85(28)(100) (800 − 400) 800 − 𝑑
2
𝑀𝑛1 = 714 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ( assume ∅ = 0.9) 𝐴𝑠𝑓
𝑇
𝑀𝑛2 = 2000/0.9 − 714 = 1508.22 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝜀𝑠
400
Part 1
 Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
Solution to Problem 3 𝑐

𝑑=800
2. Design reinforcement….
𝐴𝑠
𝑎
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) 𝑑 − 𝜀𝑠
2
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑤 = 400
𝑎=
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 0.85𝑓𝑐′
800
𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦 𝐶𝑐𝑤
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) 𝑑 − 𝑐
2(0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 ) 𝑎 = 291.43

1508.22 10002 = 𝑑

𝐴𝑠 − 2266.67 420
𝐴𝑠 − 2266.67 420 800 − 𝐴𝑠𝑤
2 0.85 28 400 𝑇
𝜀𝑠
𝐴𝑠 − 2266.67 = 5248.23 400

Design reinforcement Part 2

𝐴𝑠 = 7514.9 𝑚𝑚2 less than 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) .
Analysis of T Beams 𝑏𝑒 = 800 𝜀𝑐𝑢 =0.003

ℎ𝑓 =100
𝑐
Solution to Problem 2

3. Net Tensile Strain 𝜀𝑡 𝑑=800

8#32
𝜀𝑠
(𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )𝑓𝑦 5248.23(420)
𝑎= ′ =
0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 0.85(28)(400) 𝑏𝑤 = 400

𝑎 = 231.54 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐; 𝑐 = 231.54/0.85 = 272.40 𝑚𝑚
𝜀𝑡 0.003
= ; 𝜀 = 0.0058 𝜀𝑡 > 0.005 Section is tension controlled
800 − 272.40 272.40 𝑡
420
𝜀𝑦 = = 0.0021 yield strain
200000
𝜀𝑡 = 𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 > 0.005 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; ∅ = 0.9
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑