Complete Maths Jee

Maths - Full Revision Marathon
● Coordinate Geometry
○ Straight Lines,
○ Circles,
○ Conics
● Vectors and 3D
● Algebra
○ Quadratic Equations,
○ Sequences and Series,
○ Binomial Theorem
● Calculus
○ LCD, Applications of Derivatives
○ Integration
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Maha Marathon
Coordinate Geometry
○ Straight Lines
○ Circles
○ Conics (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)
Maha Marathon
Coordinate Geometry
○ Straight Lines
○ Circles
○ Conics (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola)
STRAIGHT LINES
Analysis:
A very important topic for JEE. Concept of
this topic are used in other topics like AOD
also.This year again 1-2 questions are expected
in every paper
1- 2 questions in JEE main
1-2 questions in JEE advanced

Questions asked in recent year has been mostly tricky from
this topics. In 2023 difficulty level of questions asked from this
topics was bit more than the level of overall questions of
Maths
TOPICS IN THIS SESSION:-

1. Various forms of straight lines, Angle b/w them.
1. Perpendicular distance of a point from line, Foot of

perpendicular, Image, and optics related problems
1. Various centres of a Triangle

TOPIC:1
Various forms of straight lines, Angle b/w them.

Equations of a Straight Line
Now let’s study various forms of equations in which a line can
be represented, namely
1. Slope Intercept form
2. Point Slope form
3. Two Point form
4. Intercept form
5. Normal form
6. General form
Normal Form
x cos⍺ + y sin ⍺ = p
where, 0 ≤ ⍺ 360°
p
O
X
(vii) General form
Any linear equation in x and y represents a straight line,

that is, the equation ax + by + c = 0 is the general form of
the equation of a line.
Straight Lines
Q. If the straight line, 2x − 3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the line passing
through the points (7, 17) and (15, β), then β equals:
A 35/3 B -5 C -35/3 D 5
JEE-Main (Prv. Year)

Straight Lines JEE-Main (Prv. Year)

Straight Lines
A 35/3 B -5 C -35/3 D 5
JEE-Main (Prv. Year)

2023 Main 30 Jan I
2023 Main 30 Jan I
Angle between two lines
m1
m2
where θ is the acute angle between the two lines

Observation
1. Slope of ax + by + c = 0 is , that is
2. If L1 : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and L2 : a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
(a) L1 || L2 if
(b) L1 and L2 are coincident if
(c) L1 ⟂ L2 if a1a2 + b1b2 = 0

TOPIC:2
Perpendicular distance of a point from line, Foot of

perpendicular, Image, and optics related problems
Distance of a Point from a Line
(x1, y1)
Special case :
Distance of origin from ax + by + c = 0 is
2022 Main 26 June I
2022 Main 27 June I
Foot of Perpendicular from a Point to a Line
(x1, y1)
ax + by + c = 0
(⍺, β)
Eg : Foot of perpendicular of (2, 3) on x + 2y - 1 = 0 is given by

Image of a Point in a Line
(x1, y1)
ax + by + c = 0
(⍺’, β’)
TOPIC:3
Various centres of a Triangle

Centres of a Triangle
1. Centroid
2. Incentre
3. Orthocentre
4. Circumcentre
Centroid
It is the point of concurrence of the medians of a triangle.
A(x1,
y1)
F E
G
B(x2, D C(x3,
y2) y3)
Centres of a Triangle
1. Centroid
2. Incentre
3. Orthocentre
4. Circumcentre
Incentre
It is the point of concurrence of the internal angle bisectors of a
triangle.
A(x1, y1)
c b
I
B(x2, y2) C(x3, y3)

a
Orthocentre
It is the point of concurrence of the altitudes of a triangle.
A (x1, y1)
E
F
H
B (x2, y2) D C (x3, y3)
Observation
Orthocentre of a right triangle is the vertex at which the right
angle is formed.
Circumcentre
It is the point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisector of
the sides of a triangle.
A(x1, y1)
F E
O
B (x, y) C
(x2, y2) D (x3, y3)
Recall
Any point lying on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment
AB is equidistant from A and B. P
A B
M
Circumcentre
Observation
As the circumcentre O is equidistant from all the vertices of Δ

ABC, so primarily it is the centre of the circumcircle of Δ ABC.
A
F E
O
B D C
Note
1. The circumcentre of a right angled triangle is the midpoint
of its hypotenuse.
A
B C
RESULT
● In an equilateral triangle, centroid(G), circumcentre (C),

orthocentre (O) and incentre (I),all coincide with each
other.
2023 Main 8 April I
2023 Main 8 April I
2023 Main 8 April I
Straight Lines
Important Points:
Area of a Triangle and Collinearity
(Using Determinants)
Three points A, B and C are collinear if area of Δ ABC is zero.
Circle + Conic Section
Parabola CIRCLE + CONIC SECTIONS
New JEE 2024
Circle, conic sections
A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its
radius and central, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points
of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and sections of conics,
equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms,
Old JEE 2023
Circle, conic sections

A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius
and central, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of
intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be
tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent, sections of conics, equations of conic sections
(parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for Y = mx +c to be a tangent and
point (s) of tangency.
CIRCLE
CIRCLE - Analysis:
This chapter is one of important chapter of Maths asked in JEE
Mains and Advanced. Questions are mixed with concepts of
straight line. We will find questions of conics also mixed with
this chapter. Major topic tangent at a point of condition of a line
to be tangent is deleted from the syllabus now
1- 2 questions in JEE main

In 2023 difficulty level of questions asked from
this topics was at par with difficulty level of
overall questions of Maths
1. Basics of Circles. Standard, General, Diametric and
Parametric Form.
2. Intersection of a line with Circle
3. Number of common tangents of two circles,

TOPIC:1
Basics of Circles. Standard, General, Diametric and

Parametric Form.
Equation of a Circle
Central form of the Equation of a Circle
This is called central form of circle with centre (x1, y1) and radius ‘r’.
NOTE
Circle with centre at (0, 0) and radius r is x2 + y2 = r2
General form of the Equation of a circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
where Centre is (-g, -f) and

This is called general form of equation of circle.
Note
Condition for a general second degree equation in two
variables to represent a circle is a = b and h = 0.
If a = b ≠ 1, then we divide the equation by a constant to make

both coefficients equal to 1.
2022 Main 26 July II
Some Special Circles
1. Circle touching X - axis
X
(a, 0)
2. Circle touching Y - axis
Y
(0, b)
Some Special Circles Y
3. Circle touching
X - axis at origin X
O
Y
4. Circle touching
Y - axis at origin
O X
Some Special Circles
5. Circle touching both axes

Y
Y
O
X
O X
Y
Y
X
O
X
O
Diametric form of the Equation of a Circle
The circle whose diameter endpoints are A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) has
equation
(x − x1) (x − x2) + (y − y1) (y − y2) = 0
NOTE
Basically it’s the sum of two quadratics, one in x, whose roots
are the abscissae and one in y, whose roots are the ordinates
of the diametric endpoints.
TOPIC:2
Intersection of a line with Circle.

Remark
1. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the X - axis
A B X
Remark
1. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the X - axis
A B X
(a) g2 − c > 0 ⇒ Circle cuts the X - axis at two distinct points

(b) g2 − c = 0 ⇒ Circle touches the X - axis
(c) g2 − c < 0 ⇒ Circle does not meet the X - axis
Remark
2. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the Y - axis

Y
B
A
Remark
2. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the Y - axis

Y
B
(a) f 2 − c > 0 ⇒ Circle cuts the Y - axis at two distinct points

(b) f 2 − c = 0 ⇒ Circle touches the Y - axis
(c) f 2 − c < 0 ⇒ Circle does not meet the Y - axis
Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0,6) and

cuts off an intercept on the x-axis. Then the radius
of the circle C is equal to :
B 9
C 8
D


B 9
C 8
D
Position of a Point with respect
to a Circle
Method 1
Find distance of point P from centre of circle O.
OP < r ⇒ P lies inside the circle
OP = r ⇒ P lies on the circle
OP > r ⇒ P lies outside the circle
Method 2
S1 < 0 ⇒ P lies inside the circle
S1 = 0 ⇒ P lies on the circle
S1 > 0 ⇒ P lies outside the circle
TOPIC:3
Number of common tangents of two circles, Tangents

from external point and Related problems
Common Tangents of Circles
Try to observe how we can comment upon the positions of two circles
depending on their radii and the distance between their centres.
r1 r2
(1) C1 C2 (4) C2
C1
r1 r2
(2) C1 C2
(5) C2
C1
(3) C1 C2
Number of Common Tangents
TCT DCT
(1) |C1C2| > r1 + r2 ⇒ 4 common tangents
(2) |C1C2| = r1 + r2 3 common tangents

⇒
(3) |r1 - r2| < |C1C2| < r1 + r2 ⇒ 2 common tangents
(4) |C1C2| = |r1 - r2| ⇒ 1 common tangent
(5) |C1C2| < |r1 - r2| ⇒ 0 common tangents

2023 Main 15 April I
2023 Main 8 April II
Let 0 be the origin and OP and OQ be the tangents to the
circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y + 8 = 0 at the points P and Q on it. If
the circumcircle of the triangle OPQ passes through the
point (a, ), then a value of a is.
C 1
D
Let 0 be the origin and OP and OQ be the tangents to the
circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y + 8 = 0 at the points P and Q on it. If
the circumcircle of the triangle OPQ passes through the
point (a, ), then a value of a is.
C 1
D
Family of Circles
S=0 L=0
(1) B
(2) S=0
Family of Circles
NOTE
Common Chord
Family of Circles
(4) Then S + 𝜆L = 0 gives a family of circles
touching the line L = 0 at point A (x1, y1).
L=0
A (x1, y1)
2021 Main 26 Aug II
A circle C touches the line x = 2y at the point (2, 1) and

intersects the circle C1:x2 + y2 + 2y - 5 = 0 at two point P
and Q such that PQ is a diameter of C1. Then the diameter
of C is :
B 15
D
2021 Main 26 Aug II

intersects the circle C1:x2 + y2 + 2y - 5 = 0 at two point P and
Q such that PQ is a diameter of C1. Then the diameter of C is :
2021 Main 26 Aug II

intersects the circle C1:x2 + y2 + 2y - 5 = 0 at two point P
and Q such that PQ is a diameter of C1. Then the diameter
of C is :
B 15
D
Syllabus of JEE
Conic Sections
● Sections of Conics
● Equations of Parabola in Standard
Form
● Equations of Ellipse in Standard Form
● Equations of Hyperbola in Standard
Form
Parabola
Analysis:
This chapter has always been asked in JEE Mains as well as in JEE
Advanced. The important portion of tangent and normals which was
asked in almost every paper of JEE Mains is not in syllabus of JEE
Mains any more now.
Upto 2 questions are asked in every paper of JEE main

1. Standard Forms of Parabola, Ellipse and
Hyperbola, Related Terms and definition
directrix
(1) The fixed point S is called focus.
conic
(2) The fixed straight line is called the
directrix. M P (h ,k)
(3) The constant ratio is called
eccentricity of the conic, generally S
denoted by e.
focus
(4) A line through the focus and
perpendicular to the directrix is called
the axis (or axis of symmetry) of the
conic.
Remark
Depending upon the value of e, we get different conics.
(i) e = 1 gives parabola (ii) e > 1 gives hyperbola (iii) 0 < e < 1 gives ellipse
TOPIC:1
Standard Forms of Parabola, Related

Terms and Definition
Parabola
Standard Parabolas
and their Equations
Standard parabolas having vertex at origin
Consider the following equations for a > 0 and remember their graphs.
(1) y2 = 4ax
(2) y2 = −4ax
(3) x2 = 4ay
(4) x2 = −4ay
Standard parabolas having vertex at origin
(1) y2 = 4ax (2) y2 = −4ax

Y Y
LR = 4a LR = 4a
Z (−a, 0) O S (a, 0) X S (−a, 0) O X
Z (a, 0)
x = −a x=a
(3) x2 = (4) x2 =
4ay Y −4ay Y
S (0, a) y=a Z (0, a)

LR = 4a
O
X
X
O LR = 4a
y = −a S (0, −a)
Z (0, −a)
Remark
The following hold true for all parabolas

(i)
(ii) Vertex is always midpoint of focus and point of intersection of

axis and directrix.
JEE Main 28th June, 2022 Shift- 2
If vertex of a parabola is (2, -1) and the equation of its

directrix is 4x - 3y = 21, then the length of its latus rectum is
A 2
B 8
C 12
D 16
Solution:
JEE Main 28th June, 2022 Shift- 2
If vertex of a parabola is (2, -1) and the equation of its

directrix is 4x - 3y = 21, then the length of its latus rectum is
A 2
B 8
C 12
D 16
Standard parabolas having vertex at any point
(1) (y − k)2 = 4a(x − h)

JEE Main (Prv. Year)
Axis of a parabola lies along x-axis. If its vertex and

focus are at distance 2 and 4 respectively from the
origin, on the positive x-axis then which of the
following points does not lie on it?
D
Axis of a parabola lies along x-axis. If its vertex and

focus are at distance 2 and 4 respectively from the
origin, on the positive x-axis then which of the
following points does not lie on it?
Solution
x′ O (2, 0) (4, 0) x
y′
Parametric form of
Equation of a Parabola
(1) y2 = 4ax ⇒ P(at2, 2at)
(2) x2 = 4ay ⇒ P(2at, at2)

Focal Chord
Any chord passing through the focus of a parabola is called a focal
chord.
Parabola
Properties of Focal Chord
Recall
(1) For y2 = 4ax, if P(t1) and Q(t2) are the endpoints of a focal chord
then t1t2 = − 1.
(2) Tangents at endpoints of a focal chord are perpendicular and
hence intersect on directrix.
(3) Length of a focal chord of y2 = 4ax, making an angle α with the
X-axis, is 4acosec2α.
If one end of a focal chord of the parabola, y2 = 16x is

at (1, 4), then the length of this focal chord is:
A 25
B 22
C 24
D 20

Solution

A 25
B 22
C 24
D 20
Result
For a parabola whose equation is S = 0 and a given point P(x1, y1),

(1) S1 > 0 ⇒ point P lies outside the parabola
(2) S1 = 0 ⇒ point P lies on the parabola
(3) S1 < 0 ⇒ point P lies inside the parabola
Ellipse
and
Hyperbola
Analysis:
This chapter has always been asked in JEE Mains as well as in JEE
Advanced. The important portion of tangent and normals which was
asked in almost every paper of JEE Mains is not in syllabus of JEE
Mains any more now.
Upto 2 questions are asked in every paper of JEE main

1. Standard Forms of Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola, Related
Terms and definition
2. Conic with a Line, Circle and other Conic.
3. Tangent to a Conic Mainly for Parabola

Standard ellipses having centre at origin
B(0, b)
S’(-ae, 0) S(ae, 0)
O
A’(-a, 0) A(a, 0)
Y
B(0, b)
S(0, be)
X
O
A’(-a, 0) A(a, 0)
S’(0, -be)
B’(0, -b)
Nice to way to remember :
If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is 6 and

the distance between its directrices is 12, then the
length of its latus rectum is:
A B C D
If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is 6 and

the distance between its directrices is 12, then the
length of its latus rectum is:
Solution
Standard hyperbolas having centre at origin
B(0, b) A(a, 0)
S’(-ae, o) Z’ Z X
O S(ae, 0)
A’(-a, 0) B’(0, -b)

Y
S(0, be)
B(0, b)
Z
O X
A’(-a, 0) A(a, 0)
Z’
B’(0, -b)
S’(0, -be)
Nice to way to remember :
If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of the ellipse,

and the hyperbola,
respectively and (e1, e2) is a point on the ellipse,
15x2 + 3y2 = k, then k is equal to
A 14 B 15 C 16 D 17

and the hyperbola,
Solution

and the hyperbola,
A 14 B 15 C 16 D 17
Conjugate Hyperbolas
Rectangular Hyperbola
Conjugate Hyperbolas
Two hyperbolas, such that the transverse and conjugate axes
of one, are the conjugate and transverse axes of the other,
respectively, are called conjugate hyperbolas.
Result
If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of two conjugate hyperbolas,

then
Rectangular Hyperbola
If a = b, that is lengths of transverse and conjugate axes are

equal, then the hyperbola is called rectangular or equilateral.
Eg. The hyperbola x2 − y2 = a2 is a rectangular hyperbola.
Remark
1. Eccentricity of an equilateral hyperbola is always .
2023 Main 31 Jan II
Parametric forms
Position of a Point with respect to a Conic
Result
For Ellipse:
(1) S1 > 0 ⇒ point P lies outside the ellipse
(2) S1 = 0 ⇒ point P lies on the ellipse
(3) S1 < 0 ⇒ point P lies inside the ellipse
Position of a Point with respect to a Conic
Result
For Hyperbola:
(1) S1 > 0 ⇒ point lies inside hyperbola
(2) S1 = 0 ⇒ point lies on hyperbola
(3) S1 < 0 ⇒ point lies outside hyperbola
Ellipse
Standard Form
Coordinates of the centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Coordinates of the vertices (a, 0) and (-a, 0) (0, b) and (0, -b)
Coordinates of foci (ae, 0) and (-ae, 0) (0, be) and (0, -be)
Length of the major axis 2a 2b
Length of the minor axis 2b 2a
Equation of the major axis y=0 x=0
Equation of the minor axis x=0 y=0
Equations of the directrices
Eccentricity
Length of the latusrectum
Focal distances of a point (x, y)

Hyperbola
Standard Form
Coordinates of the centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Coordinates of the vertices (a, 0) and (-a, 0) (0, b) and (0, -b)
Coordinates of foci (± ae, 0) (0, ± be)
Length of the transverse axis 2a 2b
Length of the conjugate axis 2b 2a
Equation of the directrices
Eccentricity b2 = a2 (e2 - 1) a2 = b2 (e2 - 1)
Length of the latusrectum
Equation of the transverse axis y=0 x=0
Equation of the conjugate axis x=0 y=0

VECTORS
and
3D
VECTORS
Analysis:
One of the most important topic for JEE Mains as well as Advanced. This chapter is
not as long as other topics line conics or circles, still we get 2-3 question in every
JEE Mains Paper (without 3D). The difficulty level of subtopics is below than the
entire Maths(Scalar Product, Vector Product are very easy to understand and
solve). This topic also has use in Physics so we can give some weightage to this
topic due to Physics also. Hence this topics is a MUST for JEE Mains and
Advanced.
2-3 questions are asked in every JEE Mains paper.
In JEE Advanced 2-3 questions are asked every year.

Students in 2023 have found questions of this topic easy and also
they have scored better in the the questions of this topic as
compared to the complete Maths.

1. Algebra and Modulus of a Vector
2. Scalar Product of two Vectors, Projection
3. Vector Product of two Vectors

TOPIC:
Algebra and Modulus of a Vector

Vector-Introduction
Location and Representation of Vectors
z
VECTOR
P(x, y, z)
O z y
Q
M x
y N
x
MATHEMATIC
S
Algebra and Modulus of a Vector
Vector-Introduction
Addition of vectors
VECTOR
Triangle law of addition
If two vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by two sides of a
triangle taken in same order, then their sum is represented by third side
taken in reverse order..
c b c = a+b
Sum of vectors a and b is denoted by a + b and

a MATHEMATIC
is also called as resultant of a and b
S
Section Formula
m
n
O
ADDITION OF VECTORS
Triangle law of addition Parallelogram law of addition

Vector-Introduction
Parallelogram law of addition

VECTOR
If two vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by two adjacent sides of
a parallelogram then their sum is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram
which is co initial with the given vectors.
a c =a + b
b c
b
b
a MATHEMATIC
a
S
ADDITION OF VECTORS DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE OF
RESULTANT VECTOR
Magnitude of resultant of addition of two vectors
|a+b| = √| a |2 +| b |2 + 2| a || b |cosθ
| b | sin θ
tan β =
| a | + | b | cos θ
Vector-Introduction
Polygon law of addition

VECTOR
d
c
e
a
MATHEMATIC
S
Vector-Introduction
Polygon law of addition

VECTOR
If vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a
polygon taken in same order, then their sum is represented by the side
closing them in reverse order.
d
These laws gives the direction in
c which the resultant will be present
e
a MATHEMATIC
S
Collinearity and Coplanarity
2023 Main 8 April I
2023 Main 8 April I
Products of Vectors
TOPIC:
Scalar Product of two Vectors, Projection

Dot Product
Dot Product
Clearly, the angle between and is given by .

Remark
Notes
2023 Main 31 Jan I
2023 Main 31 Jan I
Geometrical Significance of the Dot product
Let’s look at the projection of a vector along another vector.
Projection of on
Projection of on
Note
is called projection vector (or component vector) of along
2023 Main 1 Feb iI
2023 Main 1 Feb iI
TOPIC:
Vector Product of two Vectors

Cross Product
Remark
Properties
1.
2.
3.
Note
1.
2. and
Geometrical Significance of the Cross Product
B C
O A
Area of parallelogram
Note
Is the vector area of parallelogram OABC
Remark
B C
O A
Area of
Vector-Dot & Cross Product
VECTOR
MATHEMATIC
S
Vector-Dot & Cross Product
VECTOR
MATHEMATIC
S
2023 Main 6 April I
2023 Main 6 April I
2023 Main 6 April I
3D
Analysis:
One of the most important topic for JEE Mains as well as Advanced. This
chapter is not as long as other topics line conics or circles, still we get 3
question in every JEE Mains Paper (other than vectors ). The difficulty level
of subtopics is below than the entire Maths(Ex Finding shortest distance is
something that has been asked very frequently). 2 Hence this topics is a
MUST for JEE Mains and Advanced.
In every paper 3 questions are asked in every JEE Mains paper in last three
years.
In JEE Advanced 3-4 questions are asked every year.

Students in 2023 have found questions of this topic easy and also
they have scored better in the the questions of this topic as
compared to the complete Maths.

1. System of Coordinates, DC's, DR's
2. Equation of a Line, Angle between two lines, Applications of taking a

point in terms of parameter Ex: Distance from a point etc
3. Skew lines and Shortest distance between them

TOPIC:
● Equation of a Line,
● Angle between two lines,
● General Point on the Line and its applications (Distance
from a point, foot of perpendicular, etc)
TOPIC:
● Questions based on :
○ DC's (Direction Cosines),
○ DR's (Direction Ratios)
Important points to remember
1) D.r’s of a line represent the vector parallel to the line.
2) D.c’s of a line represent the unit vector along the line.
If dr’s of a line are (2, 3, 6), then

∧ ∧ ∧
Then the vector parallel to it is 2 i + 3 j + 6 k
2 3 6
Dc’s of the same line are , ,
7 7 7
2∧ 3∧ 6 ∧
∴ Unit vector along the line is i + j + k
7 7 7
EQUATION OF STRAIGHT LINE IN 3 – D
The equation of straight line passing through point A whose position

→ → → → →
vector is a and parallel to vector b is r = a + λb
→ → →
r = a + λb
x – x1 y – y1 z – z1
The equation of straight line in 3 – D is = = Where
a b c
(x1, y1, z1) is any point on the line and (a, b, c) are dr’s of
it.
Straight Line in 3D
3 D Geometry
MATHEMATIC
S
ANGLE BETWEEN THE LINES
If the angle between the lines whose dr’s are (a1, b1, c1) and (a2, b2, c2)
a1 a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
is θ, then cos θ =
√ a12 + b12 + c12 √ a22 + b22 + c22
u.v
From dot product of 2 vectors u, v cos θ =
|u| |v|
∧ ∧ ∧
Proof : The vector along first line is a1 i + b1 j + c1 k
∧ ∧ ∧
The vector along second line is a2 i + b2 j + c2 k
a1 a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cos θ =
√ a12 + b12 + c12 √ a22 + b22 + c22
a1 b1 c1
4) If two lines are parallel, then = =
a2 b2 c2
5) If two lines are perpendicular then

cos θ = 0
a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0
General point on the straight line
2023 Main 25 Jan II
2023 Main 25 Jan II
2023 Main 25 Jan II
2023 Main 25 Jan II
TOPIC:
Skew Lines
Shortest Distance between Skew Lines

Straight Line in 3D
Now let’s pick shortest distance between two lines
Observation:
Two non-parallel lines in 3D may or may not intersect
Skew lines:
Two lines in space which are neither parallel nor intersecting are
called skew lines
Straight Line in 3D
Shortest distance between two SKEW LINES is:
Straight Line in 3D
Result:
Two lines are Coplanar if either they are
parallel or shortest distance between them is zero, which can be
summarised in one condition
2023 Main 31 Jan I
2023 Main 31 Jan I
2023 Main 31 Jan I
Maha Marathon
Algebra
○ Sequences and Series
○ Quadratic Equations
Sequences and Series
● 1-2 Qs (approx. weightage of 4-8 marks)
● In past 3 years, 61 conceptual, 46 numerical Qs

(Most Qs fall under Easy/Moderate Level)
NOTE
NOTE
No term of GP can be 0.
Q If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P.,
then the common ratio of this G.P. is

A
B 1
D
If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P.,
then the common ratio of this G.P. is
Q If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in
G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P. is

A
B 1
D
Sum of an A.P.
where ai’s are in AP.
If a1, a2, a3,....., an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 +....+ a16 =
114, then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to
JEE Main 2019
A 98
B 38
C 64
D 76
If a1, a2, a3,....., an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 +....+ a16 =
114, then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to
JEE Main 2019
A 98
B 38
C 64
D 76
Important Point for AP and GP
1. Sum of the terms equidistant from beginning & end of a AP is same
1. Product of the terms equidistant from beginning and end of a GP is same.

GP
an = arn - 1
Relation between AM, GM and HM
For any given +ve numbers:
AM ≥ GM ≥ HM
Let’s pick AM and GM relation first
For any given +ve numbers:
AM ≥ GM
3 Hints to use AM ≥ GM
(1) If min value of some expression is asked
(2) Terms involved in expression are +ve.
(3) Product of terms involved in expression is good.
Find minimum value of
Solution:
Binomial Theorem
Analysis:
One of the favorite topic of paper setters. In last 3 years minimum of 2
questions are asked in almost every paper of JEE Mains and
1-2 problem in JEE advanced. Some times 3 or more problem has also
been asked in JEE mains
In 2023 students found questions of this topic relatively easier

and they made less mistake in getting answers as compared to
other topics of Maths.
We can expect this year also 2-3 problems.

This chapter does not have coefficient problems in syllabus
now so scope of asking difficult problems is further
reduced.

Binomial Expansion and General Term
● Term independent of x
● Middle Term
● Term from the end
BINOMIAL THEOREM
(a + b)n = nC0.an.bo + nC1.an-1.b1 + … + nCr. an-r.br + …. +
nC .ao.bn
n
Tr+1
{general term of Binomial Expansion}
Total number of
terms = n + 1.
IMPORTANT TERMS
(a) General term: The general term or the (r + 1)th term in the
expansion of (x + y)n is given by
Tr + 1 = nCr xn - r . y r
Binomial theorem for positive integral index
i.e.
Some observations about expansion:
(a) There are n + 1 terms in the expansion
(b) Sum of powers of x & y in each term is n.
(c) Coefficients of the terms equidistant from beginning &

end are equal, as nCr = nCn - r
If 21st and 22nd terms in the expansion of (1 + x)44
are equal then find ‘x’
Solution
IMPORTANT TERMS
(b) Middle term: The middle term (s) in the expansion of
(x + y)n is (are):
(i) If n is even, there is only one middle term which is given

by T(n + 2)/2 = nCn/2 . xn/2 . yn/2
(ii) If n is odd, there are two middle terms which are
T(n + 1)/2 & T{(n + 1)/2} + 1

BINOMIAL THEOREM
(x + y)5 = 5C0x5y0 + 5C1 x4y1 + 5C2 x3y2 + 5C3 x2y3 + 5C4 x1y4 + 5C5 x0y5
= x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy4 + y5

Question!
Q Find middle term(s) in expansion of

Solution :
Question!
Q If coefficients of middle terms in expansion of (1 + ⍺x)4 and

(1 - ⍺x)6 are equal, where ⍺ ≠ 0 then ⍺ =
A JEE MAINS 2020

IIT
D
Solution :
Question!
Q If coefficients of middle terms in expansion of (1 + ⍺x)4 and

(1 - ⍺x)6 are equal, where ⍺ ≠ 0 then ⍺ =
D
IMPORTANT TERMS
(c) Term independent of x: Term independent of x contains
no x; Hence find the value of r for which the exponent of x is
zero.
2023 Main 8 April I
Remark
kth term from the end in expansion of (x + y)n is (n - k + 2)th

term from beginning
Quadratic
Equations
SHORT CUT :)
Relation between Roots
and Coefficients
The solution of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0, is
The expression b2 - 4ac = D is called discriminant of quadratic

equation. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
Remark
Root satisfies its equation
Relation Between Roots
and Coefficients
The solution of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0, is
The expression b2 - 4ac = D is called Discriminant of Quadratic

Equation. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
If 𝛼 ≠ 𝛽 and 𝛼2 = 5𝛼 - 3, 𝛽2 = 5𝛽 - 3, then the equation whose roots
are and is
A 3x2 - 25x + 3 = 0
B x2 - 5x + 3 = 0
C x2 + 5x - 3 = 0
D 3x2 - 19x + 3 = 0
Solution:
Recall: If S is sum and P is Product of roots then equation is

x2 - Sx + P = 0
If 𝛼 ≠ 𝛽 and 𝛼2 = 5𝛼 - 3, 𝛽2 = 5𝛽 - 3, then the equation whose roots
are and is
A 3x2 - 25x + 3 = 0
B x2 - 5x + 3 = 0
C x2 + 5x - 3 = 0
D 3x2 - 19x + 3 = 0
Now let’s study relation between roots and coefficients
for Higher degree equations
For a cubic equation, we have
For a biquadratic equation, we have
If α, β and γ are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0
then find sum of roots:
A 0
C -2
D 1
If α, β and γ are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0
then find sum of roots:
A 0
C -2
D 1
Solution:
Given, α, β and γ are the roots of 2x3 - 5x + 1 = 0

Thus, ⍺ + β + 𝛾 = 0
Nature of Roots
Nature of Roots
Value of discriminant ‘D’ determine the nature of
roots of equation, for a quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c ∈ R and a ≠ 0
Discriminant D = b2 - 4ac
D
D>0 D=0 D<0
Real & distinct roots Real & equal roots Non-real roots
Note: If D is not a Note: a > 0 & D = 0 Note: If a, b ∈ R then
perfect square and a, b will imply quadratic is roots are conjugate
∈ Q then roots are a complete square complex numbers.
conjugate irrationals.
x2 - Sx + P = 0
x2 - Sx + P = 0
Quadratic Equation
Parabola Opens Upward. Parabola Opens downward.
Observation
1. Range of y = ax2 + bx + c is ➝
2. (i) ax2 + bx + c > 0 ∀ x if ➝ x
(ii) ax2 + bx + c < 0 ∀ x if ➝ x

Quadratic Equations
Q. If then K lies in internal:
A B C D
Quadratic Equations
Q. If then K lies in internal:
A B C D
Solution: Given,
Thus, D < 0
So,
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
Location of Roots
Location of Roots
Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the roots of quadratic equation
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b, c ∈ R
Let us consider a real number ‘k’
Result
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Maha Marathon
Calculus
○ Limits Continuity and Differentiability
○ Increasing Decreasing Functions
○ Maxima and Minima
○ Integration
Analysis: (Limits, Continuity,
Derivability and Differentiation
These chapters are actual beginning of calculus. Limit, Continuity,
Derivability use knowledge of standard formats of Limits majorly for the
calculation. Graphical understanding helps in understanding concepts of
Continuity and Derivability. Differentiation is a relatively easier topic - as
students have been using it since 11th in Physics as well.
3 - 4 questions in JEE Main
In JEE Advanced 5 - 6 questions are asked every year directly or indirectly.

LIMITS
Limits using standard results:
● Algebraic,
● Trigonometric,
● Exponential,
● Logarithmic and
● 1^(infinity)
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
2023 Main 8 April I
2023 Main 8 April I
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
Continuity and Differentiability
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
Graphical Interpretation of Continuity and Differentiability
2023 Main 25 Jan II
2023 Main 25 Jan II
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
MATHEMATIC
S
Analysis:
One of most important chapter of Maths. This chapter is the
reason to study the differential calculus. This chapter is very
close to the real world problems getting solved by Maths.
There has been questions other topics as where
understanding of AOD is required. Overall this chapter is a
must.
Upto 2 Questions are asked in every JEE Mains paper.
In JEE Advanced 2-3 Questions are asked every year directly or indirectly.
TOPIC:
Increasing and Decreasing Functions

TOPIC:
Maxima and Minima

TOPIC:
Integration
DEFINITE INTEGRATION BY METHODS OF INDEFINITE
INTEGRATION
Definite Integration by use of PROPERTIES

○ P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7
SOME PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
LET’S START
:)
Properties of Definite Integration
Let’s pick the first three properties first.
JEE Main 27 July, 2022 Shift - 2
where [t] is the greatest
integer function, is equal to:
A B C D
Solution
A B C D
PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Remark
This property is majorly used to remove unwanted x from
the integrand.
JEE Main 2023
Let f(x) be a function satisfying f(x) + f(𝜋 - x) = 𝜋2, ∀x ∊ ℝ.
Then is equal to :
A
𝜋2
B
C
2𝜋2
D
Then is equal to :
JEE Main 2023

Solution
Solution
Then is equal to :
A
𝜋2 JEE Main 2023
B
C
2𝜋2
D
JEE Main 25 June, 2022 Shift - 1
The value of
is equal to
A B C D
The value of
is equal to
Solution
Solution
The value of
is equal to
A B C D
Most Asked Pattern of Question in
Definite Integration
(based on King’s Rule) -
SHORT CUT TRICK :D

Integral Calculus
IIT Prv. Year
Evaluate the following:

Solution
Solution
JEE Main 24 January - Shift 1 2023
Solution
JEE Main 9 Jan, 2020 Shift - 1
Find the value of
A 𝜋2 B 2𝜋2 C 3𝜋2 D 4𝜋2

Find the value of

Solution
Solution
Find the value of
A 𝜋2 B 2𝜋2 C 3𝜋2 D 4𝜋2

Derivative of AntiDerivative Function
(Newton-Leibnitz Formula)
Q. =
[IIT Prv. Year]

A
D None of these
Q. =
[IIT Prv. Year]

Maths - Full Revision Marathon
● Coordinate Geometry
○ Straight Lines,
○ Circles,
○ Conics
● Vectors and 3D
● Algebra
○ Quadratic Equations,
○ Sequences and Series,
● Calculus
○ LCD, Applications of Derivatives
○ Integration
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1- 2 questions in JEE main

1-2 questions in JEE advanced

TOPICS IN THIS SESSION:-

1. Perpendicular distance of a point from line, Foot of

1. Various centres of a Triangle

Various forms of straight lines, Angle b/w them.

Any linear equation in x and y represents a straight line,

JEE-Main (Prv. Year)

Q. If the straight line, 2x − 3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the line passing

JEE-Main (Prv. Year)

where θ is the acute angle between the two lines

(b) L1 and L2 are coincident if

(c) L1 ⟂ L2 if a1a2 + b1b2 = 0

Perpendicular distance of a point from line, Foot of

Eg : Foot of perpendicular of (2, 3) on x + 2y - 1 = 0 is given by

Various centres of a Triangle

B(x2, y2) C(x3, y3)

As the circumcentre O is equidistant from all the vertices of Δ

● In an equilateral triangle, centroid(G), circumcentre (C),

Old JEE 2023

Circle, conic sections

1- 2 questions in JEE main

1-2 questions in JEE advanced

2. Intersection of a line with Circle

3. Number of common tangents of two circles,

Basics of Circles. Standard, General, Diametric and

where Centre is (-g, -f) and

If a = b ≠ 1, then we divide the equation by a constant to make

5. Circle touching both axes

(x − x1) (x − x2) + (y − y1) (y − y2) = 0

Intersection of a line with Circle.

1. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the X - axis

1. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the X - axis

(a) g2 − c > 0 ⇒ Circle cuts the X - axis at two distinct points

2. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the Y - axis

2. Intercept made by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the Y - axis

(a) f 2 − c > 0 ⇒ Circle cuts the Y - axis at two distinct points

Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0,6) and

Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0,6) and

Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0,6) and

Number of common tangents of two circles, Tangents

(2) |C1C2| = r1 + r2 3 common tangents

(3) |r1 - r2| < |C1C2| < r1 + r2 ⇒ 2 common tangents

(4) |C1C2| = |r1 - r2| ⇒ 1 common tangent

(5) |C1C2| < |r1 - r2| ⇒ 0 common tangents

(4) Then S + 𝜆L = 0 gives a family of circles

touching the line L = 0 at point A (x1, y1).

A circle C touches the line x = 2y at the point (2, 1) and

A circle C touches the line x = 2y at the point (2, 1) and

A circle C touches the line x = 2y at the point (2, 1) and

Upto 2 questions are asked in every paper of JEE main

2-3 questions in JEE advanced

Standard Forms of Parabola, Related

(1) y2 = 4ax (2) y2 = −4ax

S (0, a) y=a Z (0, a)

The following hold true for all parabolas

(ii) Vertex is always midpoint of focus and point of intersection of

If vertex of a parabola is (2, -1) and the equation of its

If vertex of a parabola is (2, -1) and the equation of its

(1) (y − k)2 = 4a(x − h)

Axis of a parabola lies along x-axis. If its vertex and