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Ebook Business Statistics A First Course 2Nd Edition Sharpe Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Ebook Business Statistics A First Course 2Nd Edition Sharpe Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Ebook Business Statistics A First Course 2Nd Edition Sharpe Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
1. A company manufacturing computer chips finds that 8% of all chips manufactured are
defective. Management is concerned that high employee turnover is partially responsible
for the high defect rate. In an effort to decrease the percentage of defective chips,
management decides to provide additional training to those employees hired within the
last year. After training was implemented, a sample of 450 chips revealed only 27
defects. Was the additional training effective in lowering the defect rate?
2. A company that sells eco-friendly cleaning products is concerned that only 19.5% of
people who use such products select their brand. A marketing director suggests that the
company invest in new advertising and labeling to strengthen its green image. The
company decides to do so in a test market so that the effectiveness of the marketing
campaign may be evaluated.
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
company?
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the company?
d. Based on data collected in the test market, the company constructed a 98% confidence
interval for the proportion of all consumers who might buy their brand. The resulting
interval is 16% to 28%. What conclusion should the company reach about the new
marketing campaign? Explain.
10-1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
10-2 Chapter 10 Testing Hypotheses and Proportions
3. A large software development firm recently relocated its facilities. Top management
is interested in fostering good relations with their new local community and has
encouraged their professional employees to engage in local service activities. They
believe that the firm’s professionals volunteer an average of more than 15 hours per
month. If this is not the case, they will institute an incentive program to increase
community involvement. A random sample of 24 professionals reported the following
number of hours:
12 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21
The sample has a mean of 16.6 hours and a standard deviation of 2.22 hours.
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
software development firm?
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the software development firm?
1. A company manufacturing computer chips finds that 8% of all chips manufactured are
defective. Management is concerned that high employee turnover is partially responsible
for the high defect rate. In an effort to decrease the percentage of defective chips,
management decides to provide additional training to those employees hired within the
last year. After training was implemented, a sample of 450 chips revealed only 27
defects. Was the additional training effective in lowering the defect rate?
z = -1.56
P-value = 0.0594
At α = .01 we fail to reject the null hypothesis. At the .01 level of significance, we
cannot conclude that the additional training significantly lowered the defect rate.
2. A company that sells eco-friendly cleaning products is concerned that only 19.5% of
people who use such products select their brand. A marketing director suggests that the
company invest in new advertising and labeling to strengthen its green image. The
company decides to do so in a test market so that the effectiveness of the marketing
campaign may be evaluated.
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
company?
A Type I error would be concluding that the percentage of customers purchasing the
company’s brand has increased, when in fact it has not. The company would waste
money on a new marketing campaign that does not increase the percentage of customers
buying their brand.
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the company?
d. Based on data collected in the test market, the company constructed a 98% confidence
interval for the proportion of all consumers who might buy their brand. The resulting
interval is 16% to 28%. What conclusion should the company reach about the new
marketing campaign? Explain.
The 98% confidence interval contains the hypothesized value of 19.5%. Therefore, at a
significant level of α = .02, the data do not provide convincing evidence that the
marketing campaign increases the percentage of customers for the company’s products.
3. A large software development firm recently relocated its facilities. Top management
is interested in fostering good relations with their new local community and has
encouraged their professional employees to engage in local service activities. They
believe that the firm’s professionals volunteer an average of more than 15 hours per
month. If this is not the case, they will institute an incentive program to increase
community involvement. A random sample of 24 professionals reported the following
number of hours:
12 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16
17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21
The sample has a mean of 16.6 hours and a standard deviation of 2.22 hours.
H0 : µ = 15 and HA : µ > 15
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
software development firm?
A Type I error would be concluding that the average number of hours volunteered by the
firm’s professional employees is more than 15 hours, when in fact it is not. The firm
would miss an opportunity to increase community involvement among its professional
employees.
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the software development firm?
A Type II error would be failing to detect that the average number of hours volunteered
by the firm’s professional employees is more than 15 hours, when in fact it is. The firm
t = 16.6 – 15
2.22 / √24
t = 3.532
P-value = 0.0009
We reject the null hypothesis. The firm shouldn’t need to institute an incentive program
because the evidence indicates that professional employees volunteer an average of more
than 15 hours per month in their local community.
1. A report on the U.S. economy indicates that 28% of Americans have experienced
difficulty in making mortgage payments. A news organization randomly sampled 400
Americans from 10 cities named the “fastest dying cities in the U.S.” (Forbes Magazine,
August 2008) and found that 136 reported such difficulty. Does this indicate that the
problem is more severe among these cities?
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
company?
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the company?
d. Based on data collected after the trial period, the company constructed a 95%
confidence interval for the proportion of all employees open to new ideas and approaches
toward their work. The resulting interval is 18% to 22%. What conclusion should the
company reach about the seminars? Explain.
86 75 83 84 81 77 78 79 79 81
76 85 70 76 79 81 73 74 72 83
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact
ABI Insurance?
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
ABI Insurance?
1. A report on the U.S. economy indicates that 28% of Americans have experienced
difficulty in making mortgage payments. A news organization randomly sampled 400
Americans from 10 cities named the “fastest dying cities in the U.S.” (Forbes Magazine,
August 2008) and found that 136 reported such difficulty. Does this indicate that the
problem is more severe among these cities?
z = 2.67
P-value = .0038
At α = .05 we reject the null hypothesis. At the .05 level of significance, we can
conclude that the percentage of Americans in these cities experiencing difficulty making
mortgage payments is significantly higher than 28% (or that the problem is more severe).
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact the
company?
A Type I error would be concluding that the percentage of employees open to new ideas
has increased, when in fact it has not. The company would waste money on seminars that
do not increase the percentage of employees with more innovative attitudes.
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
the company?
d. Based on data collected after the trial period, the company constructed a 95%
confidence interval for the proportion of all employees open to new ideas and approaches
toward their work. The resulting interval is 18% to 22%. What conclusion should the
company reach about the seminars? Explain.
The 95% confidence interval contains values that are all above the hypothesized value of
15%, so the data provide convincing evidence (at α = .05) that the seminars improved
employee’s attitudes toward innovativeness and change.
86 75 83 84 81 77 78 79 79 81
76 85 70 76 79 81 73 74 72 83
H0 : µ = 77 and HA : µ > 77
b. In this context, describe the Type I error possible. How might such an error impact
ABI Insurance?
A Type I error would be concluding that the average life expectancy has increased, when
in fact it has not. The company would change its premium structure when it was not
necessary.
c. In this context, describe the Type II error possible. How might such an error impact
ABI Insurance?
A Type II error would be failing to detect an increase in the average life expectancy,
when in fact it has. The company would miss an opportunity to change its premium
structure when it was necessary.
t = 78.6 – 77
4.48 / √20
t = 1.597
P-value = .063
We fail to reject the null hypothesis. ABI Insurance shouldn’t need to increase their
premiums because there is little evidence to indicate an increase in average life
expectancy.
A. z = -1.56
B. z = -2.57
C. z = 1.56
D. z = 1.96
E. z = -2.57
A. we can conclude that the additional training significantly lowered the defect rate.
B. we can conclude that the additional training did not significantly lower the defect
rate.
C. we can conclude that the additional training significantly increased the defect rate.
D. we can conclude that the additional training did affect the defect rate.
E. None of the above.
A. occurs when they conclude that the percentage of customers purchasing the
company’s brand has increased when in fact it has not.
B. occurs then they conclude that the percentage of customers purchasing the
company’s brand has not increased when in fact it has.
C. would result in the company wasting money on a new marketing campaign that does
not increase the percentage of customers buying their brand.
D. Both A and C.
E. Both B and C.
A. ± 1.96
B. ±2.575
C. -1.645
D. ±1.645
E. 1.96
A. H0 : µ = 15 and HA : µ < 15
B. H0 : µ = 15 and HA : µ > 15
C. H0 : µ = 15 and HA : µ ≠ 15
D. H0 : µ ≠ 15 and HA : µ = 15
E. H0 : µ < 15 and HA : µ > 15
A. t = 3.532
B. t = -3.532
C. t = 1.223
D. t = -1.223
E. t = 0.789
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. E
A. p = 0.15
B. p > 0.15
C. p < 0.15
D. µ > 0.15
E. µ ≠ 0.15
A. H0 : µ = 77 and HA : µ > 77
B. H0 : µ = 77 and HA : µ < 77
C. H0 : µ = 77 and HA : µ ≠ 77
D. H0 : p = 77 and HA : p > 77
E. H0 : p = 15 and HA : p < 77
A. 1.896
B. 2.355
C. 1.987
D. 2.176
E. 1.597
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. E
10. D
SIPI. "Hanki itsellesi oma leipäsi ensin", sinä sanoit, "ja kosi sitte!"
SIPI. Olkoon! Vaan sinä hylkäsit minut sen tähden, että muka olin
köyhä kauppapalvelija. Ja sentähden minä silloin päätin hankkia
itselleni oman leivän. Ja mitä siitä asti olen tehnyt saavuttaakseni
sen, mitä minulla nyt on, kaiken sen olen tehnyt vaan sinua ajatellen,
Siiri, vaan sinun tähtesi.
SIIRI. No, siis. Minä en pyydä mahdottomia. Sinä voit, — sinä siis
teet sen. — Kuulehan! Antti ja Hilma tulevat kohta tänne. He
kääntyvät sinun puoleesi, että auttaisit heitä. Autathan sinä, ettei
heidän omaisuutensa ryöstöön joutuisi? Heidänhän on jo muutoinkin
leipä lopussa. Sinun pitää siis auttaa heitä! Jo itsesikin tähden.
Kuulehan! Ja minun tähteni, — jos minua rakastat.
SIIRI. Ja se on?
SIPI (hellästi). Että saan sinut omakseni, vaimokseni, Siiri,
kainaloiseksi kanakseni.
SIIRI (katsoo Sipiin pitkään, olan yli). Hyi! Luuletko sinä todellakin,
että minä olen niin halpamainen, että möisin itseni rahasta sinulle. E-
hei. Sitä minä en tee. Mutta minä vetoan vielä sinun kunnian tuntoosi
ja toivon, että täytät pyyntöni hänen tähtensä, joka sinua koko
sydämmestään rakasti, joka voi ja tahtoi sinut onnelliseksi tehdä, ja
jonka sinä olet onnettomaksi tehnyt.
Viides kohtaus.
SIIRI (vetäen Hilmaa kädestä sohvaan). Niin. Tule nyt tänne! Kas
niin!
Eläkä nyt ole enää vihoissasi minulle! Ja te, isäntä, (nostaa Antille
tuolin oven suusta keskemmälle suojaa) istukaa te tähän! Noin. —
Tiedänhän minä, että teillä kaikilla on syytä olla vihoissanne minulle.
(Istuutuu sohvaan Hilman viereen.)
SIIRI. Kuule, Hilma! Sinä luulet ehkä, että minä… että hän… että
me…? Mutta se ei ole totta. Minä en ole koskaan… Se oli vaan
ajattelemattomuutta silloin minun puoleltani. Anna minulle se
anteeksi, anna anteeksi kaikki! En saa lepoa, en rauhaa ennenkuin
vastaat: annatko minulle anteeksi, vai luulitko, että minä tahallani
tahdoin pahaa?
HILMA. Ei, ei, Siiri, en minä luule sinusta mitään pahaa. Elä sitä
uskokaan. — Mutta minä tiedän, että hän rakastaa sinua eikä minua.
Ja minä en tahdo mennä vaimoksi sille, jonka en tiedä minua
rakastavan.
SIIRI. Siinä sinä teet oikein, Hilma, sinä teet jalosti. Mutta sittenkin
— teidän pitää sopia hänen tähtensä, minun tähteni, oman rauhanne
tähden, oman itsenne tähden, ett'ette turmioon joutuisi, Hilma kulta.
Kuudes kohtaus.
Edelliset ja HELÉN.
HELÉN. Niin. Se oli sillä viisiä, että kauppias Loikkanen ajoi tästä
ohi ja kysyi, että olikos kauppias Rahikainen täällä, ja kun hän kuuli,
että oli, niin hän pyysi minun kysymään, lähtisikös kauppias
Rahikainen hänen mu'assaan.
Seitsemäs kohtaus.
SIIRI. Antti hyvä! Elkää nyt noin masentuko! Koetetaan nyt jollakin
lailla…
ANTTI. Enhän minä millä voi… Ainoa keino se enää on, että jos
rouva sitte tahtoo olla niin hyvä ja tulla sinne huutokauppaan vähän
hintoja korottamaan, ettei kaikki irtaimisto ihan polkuhinnasta näinä
huonoina aikoina menisi ja vielä talokin ryöstöön pantaisi.
Esirippu.
Viides näytös.
SOHVI. Eihän se nyt ole aika, mutta täytyy kai sitä… Ehkä siitä
vielä heruu — viimeisen kerran…
HILMA. Elä nyt huoli! Kyllähän minä käyn täällä. Koetan päästä
usein. Rouva Vallström kyllä laskee, hän on niin hyvä. Minä käyn…
Me kyllä tavataan.
Toinen kohtaus.
HILMA. Aakuko?
Kolmas kohtaus.
SOHVI. Ka, mikäs siin' on. Saapihan sinne. Eihän siellä mitä
aarteita ole.
LIISU. Säästää…!
SOHVI. No, miten tahdot. Ehkä sitte vähän ajan päästä taas (Vie
tuopin uunin reunuksella ja istuu rahille sukkaa kutomaan.) Missä se
Anttikin viipynee? Saattaa kohta vallesmanni tulla ennen häntä.
HILMA. Joko se kerkisi tulla? Eikä isä ja rouva Vallström vielä ole
täällä.
Edelliset ja PUPUTTI.
Viides kohtaus.
SOHVI. Minä luulin, kuka. Luulin jo, että rouva Vallström, että
Siiri…
SOHVI. Minua?
Kuudes kohtaus.
SOHVI, SIPI ja SIIRI.
SOHVI. Niin. Kauppias tuli vaan vähän. — Hän oli niin hyvä… Hän
tahtoi vielä viimeisellä hetkellä meitä auttaa.
SIIRI. Ei. Te ette saa sitä häneltä ottaa, emäntä! (Tempaa setelin
Sohvin kädestä ja ojentaa sen Sipille.) Tuossa on se hänelle
takaisin.
Hilma ei olisi sitä ottanut. Minä tiedän sen. Ja te ette saa sitä ottaa!
SIIRI. Minä annan teille saman summan, mutta häneltä ette saa
sitä ottaa. Ja hänen täytyy ottaa se takaisin.
SIPI (ottaa setelin). Hyvä! Minä otan sen. Minä tottelen Siirin
käskyä — viimeisen kerran. Mutta elkää syyttäkö minua, emäntä!
Minä olen tehnyt, minkä olen voinut. Minä olen ojentanut teille käteni,
vaan toinen on sen sysännyt takaisin. Ja sitte — hyvästi! (Poistuu,
luotuaan viimeisen katseen Siiriin.)
Seitsemäs kohtaus.