Moment Frame Detailing

S. K.
Ghosh Associates LLC

International Code Council (ICC)
Seismic Detailing of Special

and Intermediate Moment
Frames of Concrete
Date: 15 Jun 2021
Dr.S.K.Ghosh
President,S.K.GhoshAssociatesLLC
URP S-09 Training

Module S11
Special Moment Frame Reinforcement
www.skghoshassociates.com
1
S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
Seminar Outline
a. Introduction
b. Material Qualifications
c. Beams
i. SMF (SDC D)
ii. IMF (SDC C)
d. Columns
i. SMF
ii. IMF
e. Joints
i. SMF
ii. IMF
Detailing by BNBC-2020
2
Basis of Concrete Design Provisions of

BNBC-2020
Updates of ACI 318-08
3
Basis
ACI 318-08 Chapter 21; rest applies except where modified
BNBC-2020 Part 6: STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Chapter 8: DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT IN
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Section 8.3: EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN
PROVISIONS
Chapter 6: STRENGTH DESIGN OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE STRUCTURES applies except where modified
Section Numbers
All section numbers that are not in blue are from

ACI 318-08
All section numbers in blue are from BNBC-2020
Part 6, Chapter 8 or Chapter 6, unless otherwise
noted.
4
Exclusion
Special moment frames of precast concrete (Section 21.8)

are outside the scope of this presentation. Intermediate
moment frames of precast concrete are not recognized.
There is no distinction between an ordinary cast-in-place
and an ordinary precast concrete moment frame in ACI 318.
Moment frames of precast concrete are not mentioned in
BNBC-2020 Part 6, Chapter 8.
Idealized Force-Displacement
Elastic
Fu
Elastic Inelastic
Fe
'e 'u
Lateral Displacement
5
General
ACI R21.1.1
The provisions of Chapter 21 relate detailing
requirements to type of structural framing and
seismic design category (SDC). SDCs are adopted
directly from ASCE/SEI 7, and relate to
considerations of seismic hazard level, soil type,
occupancy, and use.
Scope of 8.3 Earthquake-Resistant Design

Provisions of BNBC-2020
8.3.1 Scope
This section contains special requirements for
design and construction of reinforced concrete
members of a structure for which the design forces,
related to earthquake motions, have been
determined on the basis of energy dissipation in the
nonlinear range of response.
6
EARTHQUAKE FORCE-RESISTING
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF CONCRETE —
ASCE 7-05 (BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19)
SYSTEMLIMITATIONSANDBUILDING
BASICSEISMICFORCEͲ DETAILINGREF. HEIGHTLIMITATIONS(m)BYSEISMIC
R :0 Cd DESIGNCATEGORY
RESISTINGSYSTEM SECTION
B C D E F
MomentͲResistingFrameSystems
Specialreinforcedconcretemoment 12.2.5.5and
8 3 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
frames 14.2
Intermediatereinforcedconcretemoment
14.2 5 3 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
frames
Ordinaryreinforcedconcretemoment
14.2 3 3 21/2 NL NP NP NP NP
frames
DualSystemswithSpecialMomentFrames
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 7 21/2 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 6 21/2 5 NL NL NP NP NP
DualSystemswithIntermediate MomentFrames
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 61/2 21/2 5 NL NL 50 30 30
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 51/2 21/2 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
21.1.4, 21.1.5 – Materials

Concrete 8.3.3.3
• Compressive strength not less than 21 MPa
• Lightweight – Not greater than 35 MPa
Reinforcement 8.3.3.4(b)
• Low-alloy – A706 Grade 420
Alternatively,
• Billet-steel – A615 (modified) Grades 275 and 420
• BDS ISO 6935-2 Grades 300, 350, 400 and 420 or ASTM
A615 Grades 275 and 420 with supplementary requirements
7
21.1.5 – Reinforcement
The actual yield strength based on mill tests does not exceed
‫ ݕ‬by more than 125 N/mm (retests shall not exceed this
2
value by more than an additional 20 N/mm2); 8.3.3.4(b)(i)
Minimum elongation in 200 mm shall be at least 14 percent for

bar dia. 10 mm to 20 mm, at least 12 percent for bar dia. 22
mm through 36 mm, and at least 10 percent for bar dia. 40
mm to 60 mm. 8.3.3.4(b)(iii) Added in ACI 318-14
21.1.5 , 8.3.3.4(b)(ii) – Reinforcement
BILLETSTEELREINFORCEMENT
8
ACI 21.1.5.3 — Prestressing steel resisting

earthquake-induced flexural and axial loads in
frame members . . . shall comply with ASTM A416
[low-relaxation seven-wire strand] or A722 [high-
strength bars].
Not in BNBC-2020 Section 8.3
ACI 21.1.5.4, 8.3.3.4(c) — The value of fyt used to compute

the amount of confinement reinforcement shall not exceed
700 MPa .
ACI 21.1.5.5, 8.3.3.4(d) — The value of fy or fyt used in
design of shear reinforcement shall conform to 11.4.2,
6.4.3.2.
ACI 11.4.2, 6.4.3.2 — The values of fy and fyt used in
design of shear reinforcement shall not exceed 420 MPa,
except the value shall not exceed 550 MPa for welded
deformed wire reinforcement.
9
Columns of Special Moment Frames –

Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement (21.6.4)
(8.3.5.4)
0.3sbc [(Ag/Ach)-1] f’’c/fyt

Ash t
0.09sbc f’c/fyt
450mm.
150mm.
High-Strength vs. Conventional Transverse

Reinforcement in Columns
Courtesy:CaryKopczynski &Co.
10
Columns of Special Moment Frames–

Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement
Provide add.
6db t 75 mm 6db extension trans. reinf.
if thickness >
100 mm
xi
Alternate xi
90-deg hooks
xi xi xi
hx = max. value of xi on all column faces
Welding
21.1.7.2 — Welding of stirrups, ties, inserts, or other similar

elements to longitudinal reinforcement that is required by
design shall not be permitted.
8.3.3.5 Welding
Reinforcement required by factored load combinations which
include earthquake effect shall not be welded except as
specified in Sections 8.3.4.2(db) and 8.3.5.3(b) [splices of
longitudinal reinforcement]. In addition, welding shall not be
permitted on stirrups, ties, inserts, or other similar elements
to longitudinal reinforcement required by design.
11
FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Beams of Special Moment Frames (21.5.1) (8.3.4.1)
Factored axial compressive force d Agfcc/10
Clear span t 4 × effective depth
Width to depth ratio t 0.3
Width t 250 mm
d width of supporting member, c2 + distances on
each side of supporting member not exceeding
the smaller of: (a) width of supporting member,
c2, and (b) 0.75 the overall dimension of
supporting member,c1
12
ACI 318-11 Figure R21.5.1, 8.3.4.1(d)
BNBC-2020 8.3.2(b)
… The provisions for special moment frames shall

not permit the use of slab without beam as part of
seismic force-resisting system.
13
Beams of Special Moment Frames – Longitudinal

Reinforcement (21.5.2.1, 21.5.2.2) (8.3.4.2)
ᇱ
=0.25 ࢌࢉ /ࢌ࢟ , 140/ࢌ࢟
Beams of Special Moment Frames – Transverse

Reinforcement (21.5.3.2), (8.3.4.3) ACI 318-08
21.5.3.2(8.3.4.3) d/4
8 u smallest long. bar dia.
sd
24 u hoop bar dia.
300 mm Stirrups with
mm Hoops seismic hooks Hoops
h
t 2h
s d d/2
d/4
Trans. reinf. based on Mpr sd 100
and factored tributary gravity load
mm
14

Reinforcement (21.5.3.2), (8.3.4.3) ACI 318-11
21.5.3.2(8.3.4.3) d/4
sd 6 smallest long. bar dia.
150 mm
Stirrups with
mm Hoops seismic hooks Hoops
h
t 2h
s d d/2
Trans. reinf. based on Mpr d/4

sd
and factored tributary gravity load 100
mm
Beams of Special Moment Frames –

Transverse Reinforcement (21.5.3.2), (8.3.4.3)
21.5.3.2 (8.3.4.3)
15
Beams of Special Moment Frames –

Transverse Reinforcement (21.5.3.2), (8.3.4.3)
21.5.3.2 (8.3.4.3)
318Ͳ08
318Ͳ11

Reinforcement (21.5.3.2), (8.3.4.3)
21.5.3.3 (8.3.4.3(c)) — Where hoops are required,

primary flexural reinforcing bars closest to the tension
and compression faces shall have lateral support
conforming to 7.10.5.3 or 7.10.5.4 (8.1.9.4(c)). The
spacing of transversely supported flexural reinforcing
bars shall not exceed 14 in. Skin reinforcement required
by 10.6.7 (9.7.2.3) need not be laterally supported.
Only the first sentence is explicit in BNBC-2020 8.3.4.3
16
Shear Design of Special Moment

Frame Beams (21.5.4.1) (8.3.8.1(a))
Flexural Strength in ACI 318,

BNBC-2020
Three different flexural strengths in ACI 318:
Nominal flexural strength Mn (fs = fy)
Design (underestimated)
flexural strength IMn
for flexural design
Probable (reasonably overestimated)
flexural strength Mpr (fs = 1.25fy)
for shear design
17
Hoop Reinforcement (21.5.3.6) (8.3.4.3)
(൒ 75mm.)
Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames –

Longitudinal Reinforcement (21.3.4.1) (8.3.10.4)
ᇱ
140/ࢌ࢟
=0.25 ࢌࢉ /ࢌ࢟ , 140
140
(9.7.7)
18
Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames –

Longitudinal Reinforcement (12.11.1, 12.11.2,
21.2.2) (8.2.8.1, 8.2.8.2, 8.1.12.2 (b), (c)
12.11.1, 12.11.2, 21.2.2, 8.2.8.1, 8.2.8.2, 8.1.2.2 (b),
(c) — Beams shall have at least two continuous
bars at both top and bottom faces. Continuous
bottom bars shall have area not less than one-fourth
the maximum area of bottom bars along the span.
These bars shall be anchored to develop fy in
tension at the face of support.
Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames – Transverse

Reinforcement (21.3.4.2, 21.3.4.3) (8.3.4.3)
d/4
8 u smallest long. bar dia.
sd
24 u hoop bar dia.
50 mm 300 mm
Hoops Stirrups
h
t 2h
s d d/2
Trans. reinf. based on Mn

and factored tributary gravity load
19
Intermediate Moment Frames (21.3.3)

(8.3.10.4, 8.3.10.5)
ACI 21.3.3 (8.3.10.4, beams; 8.3.10.5, columns)
IVn of beams and columns resisting earthquake
effect, E, shall not be less than the smaller of (a)
and (b):
(a) The sum of the shear associated with
development of nominal moment strengths of the
member at each restrained end of the clear span
and the shear calculated for factored gravity loads;
Shear Design of Intermediate Moment

Frame Beams (21.3.3) (8.3.10.4, 8.3.10.5)
20

(8.3.10.4, 8.3.10.5)
(b) The maximum shear obtained from design load
combinations that include E, with E assumed to be
a multiplier times that prescribed by the legally
adopted general building code for earthquake-
resistant design. The multiplier is 2 for beams and
ȍo for columns.
Note that ȍo = 3 for intermediate moment frames.

(8.3.10.4, 8.3.10.5)
R21.3— Intermediate Moment Frames
Load Combination for Calculation of Vu
Beams:
U = 1.2D + 2.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S
Columns:
U = 1.2D + ȍo E + 1.0L + 0.2S
21
Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-Way

Slabs
ACI 21.3.6 (8.3.10.6) Two-way slabs without beams
ACI 21.3.6.1 — Factored slab moment at support including
earthquake effects, E, shall be determined for load
combinations given in Eq. (9-5) and (9-7) (Chapter 2,
Loads, Section 2.7.3). Reinforcement provided to resist
Mslab shall be placed within the column strip defined in
13.2.1 (6.5.2.1).
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L ……..ACI Eq. (9-5)
/IBC Eq. (16-5)/2.7.3.1-5
U = 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H …............... ACI Eq. (9-7)
/IBC Eq. (16-7)/2.7.3.1-7
Unbalanced moment
Moment distribution: gravity load
Moment distribution: lateral load
22
Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-

Way Slabs
ACI 21.3.6.2 (8.3.10.6) — Reinforcement placed
within the effective width specified in 13.5.3.2
(6.5.5.3.2) shall be proportioned to resist JfMslab
(6.5.5.3.2). Effective slab width for exterior and
corner connections shall not extend beyond the
column face a distance greater than ct measured
perpendicular to the slab span.
Moment Transfer by Flexure and Shear
Jf x Transfer Moment Transferred by Flexure

(1 - Jf) x Transfer Moment Transferred by Shear
Jf = 60% for square columns

Slightly different from 60% for rectangular
columns
23

Way Slabs
Fig. R21.3.6.1 (Fig. 6.8.23): Effective width for reinforcement

placement in edge connection

Way Slabs
Fig. R21.3.6.1 (Fig. 6.8.23): Effective width for reinforcement

placement in corner connection
24
Intermediate Moment Frames –

Two-way Slabs (21.3.6) (Fig. 6.8.20)
h = slab thickness
½ Middle strip
All reinforcement necessary

Column strip
c2 c2 + 3 h to resist Munbal to be placed
In column strip
½ Middle strip
Reinforcement necessary to resist Jf Munbal

As
Reinforcement in column strip/2

Way Slabs
Banded column strip reinforcement
25

Way Slabs
Fig. R21.3.6.3 (Figs. 6.8.21 and 6.8.22): Arrangement of reinforcement in

slabs

Two-Way Slabs
Slab-column frames are susceptible to punching-
shear failures during earthquakes if the shear
stresses due to gravity loads are high
26

Two-Way Slabs
ACI 21.3.6.8 [Cannot find in BNBC, should have

been in 8.3.10.6] — At the critical sections for
columns defined in 11.11.1.2 (6.4.10.1.2), two-way
shear caused by factored gravity loads shall not
exceed 0.4IVc, where Vc shall be calculated as
defined in 11.11.2.1 (6.4.10.2.1) for nonprestressed
slabs and in 11.11.2.2 for prestressed slabs. It shall
be permitted to waive this requirement if the slab
design satisfies requirements of 21.13.6 (8.3.12.4).

Way Slabs
ACI 11.11.1.2 (6.4.10.1.2) — For two-way action, each of
the critical sections to be investigated shall be located so
that its perimeter bo is a minimum but need not approach
closer than d/2 to:
(a) Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or
reaction areas; and
(b) Changes in slab thickness such as edges of capitals,
drop panels, or shear caps.
For two-way action, the slab or footing shall be designed
in accordance with 11.11.2 through 11.11.6 (Equations
6.6.47 and 6.6.48).
27
Critical Sections for Two-Way Shear
Critical Shear-Transfer Sections for Flat Slabs

(Source: Portland Cement Association, Notes on ACI 318-08 Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete, Skokie, IL, 2008)
Critical Section for Two-Way Shear
Parameters b1 and b2
(Source: Portland Cement Association, Notes on ACI 318-08 Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete, Skokie, IL, 2008)
28

Way Slabs
ACI 11.11.2.1 (6.4.10.2.1) — For nonprestressed slabs
and footings, Vc shall be the smallest of (a), (b), and
(c):
(a) ᇱ
ACI Eq. (11-31)
௖ ௖ ௢
Eq. 6.6.72
where E is the ratio of long side to short side of the
column, concentrated load or reaction area;

Two-Way Slabs
(b) ௖
௦ ᇱ
௖ ௢
ACI Eq. (11-32)
௢ Eq. 6.6.73
where Ds is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge

columns, 20 for corner columns; and
ᇱ
(c) ௖ ௖ ௢ ACI Eq. (11-33)
Eq. 6.6.74
29

Way Slabs
ACI 21.13.6 (8.3.12.4)
For slab-column connections of two-way slabs without
beams, slab shear reinforcement satisfying the
requirements of 11.11.3 (6.4.10.3) and 11.11.5
(6.4.10.5) and providing Vs not less than 0.29¥fc’bod
shall extend at least four times the slab thickness from
the face of the support, unless either (a) or (b) is
satisfied:

Way Slabs
ACI 11.11.3 (6.4.10.3)
Shear reinforcement consisting of bars or wires and single- or
multiple-leg stirrups shall be permitted in slabs and footings
with thickness greater than or equal to 150 mm., but not less
than 16 times the shear reinforcement bar diameter. Shear
reinforcement shall be in accordance with 11.11.3.1 (6.4.10.3.1)
through 11.11.3.4 (6.4.10.3.4) .
dbt
d
h ш150mm.
ш16dbt
30

Way Slabs
ACI 11.11.5 (6.4.10.5)
Headed shear stud reinforcement, placed
perpendicular to the plane of a slab or footing,
shall be permitted in slabs and footings in
accordance with 11.11.5.1 through 11.11.5.4. The
overall height of the shear stud assembly shall not
be less than . . ..

Way Slabs
31

Slabs
ACI 21.13.6 (8.3.12.4)
The requirements of 11.11.7 (Transfer of moment
in slab-column connections) using the design
shear Vug and the induced moment transferred
between the slab and column under the design
displacement.
The design story drift ratio does not exceed the
larger of 0.005 and [0.035 – 0.05(Vug/ࢥVc)].

Two-Way Slabs
Design story drift ratio shall be taken as the larger

of the design story drift ratios of the adjacent
stories above and below the slab-column
connection. Vc is defined in 11.11.2 [Vc shall be
calculated in accordance with 6.4.10.2]. Vug is the
factored shear force on the slab critical section for
two-way action, calculated for the load combination
1.2D+1.0L+0.2S [due to gravity loads without
moment transfer].
32

Slabs
The load factor on the live load, L, shall be
permitted to be reduced to 0.5 except for garages,
areas occupied as places of public assembly, and
all areas where L is greater than 5.0 kN/m2.

Two-Way Slabs
ACI R21.13.6
Provisions for shear reinforcement at slab-column
connections were added in 2005 to reduce the
likelihood of slab punching shear failure. . .. [“added
in 2005” was dropped in ACI 318-14]
33

Two-Way Slabs
ACI R21.13.6 (Contd.)
Section 21.13.6(b) [no reference to this section in ACI 318-
14, because Option (a) has been deleted] does not require
the calculation of induced moments, and is based on
research that identifies the likelihood of punching shear
failure considering the story drift ratio and shear due to
gravity loads. Figure R21.13.6 illustrates the requirement.
The requirement can be satisfied by adding slab shear
reinforcement, increasing slab thickness, changing the
design to reduce the design story drift ratio, or a combination
of these.

Way Slabs
Fig. R21.13.6 (R18.14.5.1): Illustration of the criterion of 21.13.6 (b) (18.14.5.1)
34
MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING

AND AXIAL LOADS
Columns of Special Moment Frames

(21.6.1) (8.3.5)
Factored axial compressive force ! Agfcc/10
Shortest cross-sectional dimension t 300 mm.
Ratio of shortest cross-sectional dimension to

perpendicular dimension t 0.4
35
Special Moment Frame – Minimum

Flexural Strength of Columns (21.6.2.2)
(8.3.5.2)
Special Moment Frame – Minimum Flexural

Strength of Columns (21.6.2.2) (8.3.5.2)
Moments at the faces of the joint, corresponding to
the nominal flexural strengths of the columns and
the girders
For columns, flexural strength shall be calculated

for the factored axial force, consistent with the
direction of the lateral forces considered, resulting
in the lowest flexural strength
36
Special Moment Frame – Minimum Flexural

Strength of Columns (21.6.2.2) (8.3.5.2)
P
UseMn1 for21.6.2.2
Pu2
Pu1
Mu Mn1 Mn2 M
21.6.2.2 (18.7.3.2) – T-beam Construction
Slab reinforcement within an effective width

defined in 8.12 (6.3.2) shall be assumed to
contribute to the flexural strength Mg if the slab
reinforcement is developed at the critical section
for flexure <¼x beamspan
<8h,s1/2 <8h,s2/2
s1 bw s2
37

Reinforcement Requirements (21.6.3)
(8.3.5.3)
"o
A A
Transverse reinf. per
21.6.4.2 and 21.6.4.3 Tension lap splice
(8.3.5.4) w/in center half of
member length
"o Section A-A
0.01 dUg d0.06
Columns of Special Moment Frames – Spiral

or Circular Hoop Reinforcement (21.6.4.4)
(8.3.5.4)
d 75 mm
Clear space*
t larger of 25 mm. or
1.33(max. agg.)
*Clear spacing for

spiral reinforcement. 0.12f’c/fyt
Circular hoops to be Us t
spaced per 21.6.4.3 0.45[(Ag/Ac)-1] f’c/fyt
(8.3.5.4).
38
Spiral Column Crushing
Lowratioofspiral
reinforcement
Veryhighratioof
longitudinal
reinforcement
1985 Mexico City
Spiral Column Crushing
1985 Mexico City
39

Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement (21.6.4)
(8.3.5.4)
‫ܣ‬௚
െ 1 f’݂௖ᇱ/f/݂௬௧
0.3‫ܾݏ‬௖[(A /A )-1]
0.3sb
Ash t
c ‫ܣ‬g ch௖௛ c yt
0.09sb c f’݂
0.09‫ܾݏ‬ /f
ᇱ yt
௖ c௖ /݂ ௬௧
450 mm.
150 mm.
Transverse Reinforcement in a Special

Moment Frame Column (8.3.5.4)
40
Columns of Special Moment Frames–

Rectangular Hoop Reinforcement (8.3.5.4)
Provide add.
trans. reinf.
6db t 45 mm. 6db extension if thickness > 100 mm
xi
Alternate xi
90-deg hooks
xi xi xi
xi d 350 mm.
hx = max. value of x on all column faces
150 mm. t sx = 100 + [(350 – hx)/3] t 100 mm.
Columns of Special Moment Frames – Shear

Strength Requirements (21.6.5) (8.3.8)
Design shear force based on Mpr of the member
associated with the range of factored axial loads
on the member
Member shears need not exceed those determined
from joint strengths based on Mpr of the transverse
members framing into the joint
Member shear forces must not be less than those
determined from analysis
41
Mcol
Vcol

M prl M prr
Mcol
2
"u
2Mcol M prl M prr
Vcol
"u "u
Vcol
Mcol
Vcol
Mprr
M prl As f y
As As (1.25f y ) Assumed:columns
0.85 fc' ba
V joint andbeamsare
x x identicalinthestories
As' 0 .85 fc' ba
aboveandbelowthe
As' f y
As' (1 .25 f y ) joint.
Vcol
Mcol
Vcol
V joint As (1 .25 f y ) As' (1 .25 f y ) V col
Short Column Failure
1985 Mexico City
42
Shear Failure
1994 Northridge
Columns Supporting Discontinued

Shear Walls
1971 San Fernando
43
Columns of Special Moment Frames

Supporting Discontinued Stiff Members
(21.6.4.6) (8.3.5.4 (f))
Reinforcement not
shown for clarity
Shearwall
Development length of
largest longitudinal column
Transverse reinf. per reinforcement in
21.6.4.2 – 21.6.4.4
accordance with 21.7.5
(8.3.5.4)
over full height of (8.3.7.4)
columns
Wall Footing or mat
t 300 mm
Development length of largest longitudinal column

reinforcement in accordance with 21.7.5 (8.3.7.4)
Columns of Intermediate Moment Frames Supporting

Discontinued Stiff Members (21.3.5.6) (8.3.5.4 (f))
ACI 21.3.5.6 (8.3.5.4 (f)) — Columns supporting reactions
from discontinuous stiff members, such as walls, shall be
provided with transverse reinforcement at the spacing, so,
as defined in 21.3.5.2 (8.3.5.4 (b)) over the full height
beneath the level at which the discontinuity occurs if the
portion of factored axial compressive force in these
members related to earthquake effects exceeds Agfc’/10. .
. . This transverse reinforcement shall extend above and
below the columns as required in 21.6.4.6(b) (8.3.7.4).
44
Columns of Intermediate Moment Frames–

Transverse Reinforcement (21.3.3, 21.3.5)
(8.3.10.5)
h1
Hoops
Jointreinf.
dso/2 per11.10
"o h2
(6.4.9)
Trans.reinf.basedonMn andfactored
tributarygravityload
8u smallestlong.bardia.
24 u hoopbardia.
so d
0.5u min.(h1 orh2)
12”
300mm.
Largerofh1 orh2
"o t Clearspan/6
s toconformto7.10and11.4.5.1
450mm.
18”
BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS
45
Joints of Special Moment Frames (21.7)

(8.3.7)
κࢊࢎ ൌ ࢌ࢟ ࢊ࢈ /૞. ૝ ࢌᇱࢉ (21.7.5)(8.3.7.4)
Ash
Standard Hook
c2
Elevation Plan
"dh
Joints of Special Moment Frames

(21.7.2.3) (8.3.7)
20 u largest long. bar dia. (normal weight concrete)

c1 t
26 u largest long. bar dia. (lightweight concrete)
Elevation
46
Effective Joint Area
Horizontal Shear in Joint
47
Mcol
Vcol

M prl M prr
Mcol
2
"u
2Mcol M prl M prr
Vcol
"u "u
Vcol
Mcol
Vcol
Mprr
M prl As f y
As As (1.25f y ) Assumed:columns
0.85 fc' ba
V joint andbeamsare
x x identicalinthestories
As' 0 .85 fc' ba
aboveandbelowthe
As' f y
As' (1 .25 f y ) joint.
Vcol
Mcol
Vcol
V joint As (1 .25 f y ) As' (1 .25 f y ) V col
Nominal Shear Strength of Special Moment

Frame Joint
ACI 21.7.4.1 (8.3.7.3)
Joints confined on all 4 faces:
ᇱ
Vn = ௖ ௝
Joints confined on 3 faces/2 opposite faces:

ᇱ
Vn = ௖ ௝
For others:
ᇱ
Vn = ௖ ௝
48
Nominal Shear Strength of Special Moment

Frame Joint
ACI 21.7.4.1 (8.3.7.3)
A member that frames into a face is considered to provide
confinement to the joint if at least three quarters of the face
of the joint is covered by the framing member. Extensions of
beams at least one overall beam depth h beyond the joint
face are permitted to be considered as confining members.
Extensions of beams shall satisfy 21.5.1.3, 21.5.2.1,
21.5.3.2, 21.5.3.3 and 21.5.3.6 (8.3.4.1(d), 8.3.4.2,
8.3.4.3(c), 8.3.4.3(d), and 8.3.4.3(b). A joint is considered to
be confined if such confining members frame into all faces of
the joint.
Interior Joint Failure
Longitudinalbeambars
notconfinedwithin
columnlongitudinal
barsorties
1985 Mexico City
49
Column and Joint Failure
1994 Northridge
Joints of Intermediate Moment Frames
ACI 21.3.5.5 (8.3.7.2) — Joint transverse

reinforcement shall conform to 11.10 (8.3.5.4).
ACI 11.10.1 (6.4.9.1) — When gravity load, wind,
earthquake, or other lateral forces cause transfer of
moment at connections of framing elements to
columns, the shear resulting from moment transfer
shall be considered in the design of lateral
reinforcement in the columns.
50

ACI 11.10.2 (6.4.9.2, 6.4.3.5.3) — Except for connections
not part of a primary seismic load-resisting system that are
restrained on four sides by beams or slabs of
approximately equal depth, connections shall have lateral
reinforcement not less than that required by Eq. (11-13)
(6.4.3.5.3) within the column for a depth not less than that
of the deepest connection of framing elements to the
columns. See also 7.9 (8.1.13).
ᇱ
Av,min = ௖ ௪ ௬௧ (11-13)
but shall not be less than ௪ ௬௧ (Eq. 6.6.55).
7.9 (8.1.13) — Connections

ACI 7.9.1 (8.1.13.1) — At connections of principal
framing elements (such as beams and columns),
enclosure shall be provided for splices of continuing
reinforcement and for anchorage of reinforcement
terminating in such connections.
ACI 7.9.2 (8.1.13.2) — Enclosure at connections
shall consist of external concrete or internal closed
ties, spirals, or stirrups.
51
Precast Parking Garage
1994 Northridge
52
Questions?
Thank you
53

Moment Frame Detailing

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S. K.

Ghosh Associates LLC

Seismic Detailing of Special

URP S-09 Training

Special Moment Frame Reinforcement

Basis of Concrete Design Provisions of

Updates of ACI 318-08

All section numbers that are not in blue are from

Special moment frames of precast concrete (Section 21.8)

Scope of 8.3 Earthquake-Resistant Design

Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 6 21/2 5 NL NL NP NP NP

21.1.4, 21.1.5 – Materials

value by more than an additional 20 N/mm2); 8.3.3.4(b)(i)

 Minimum elongation in 200 mm shall be at least 14 percent for

21.1.5 , 8.3.3.4(b)(ii) – Reinforcement

ACI 21.1.5.3 — Prestressing steel resisting

 ACI 21.1.5.4, 8.3.3.4(c) — The value of fyt used to compute

Columns of Special Moment Frames –

0.3sbc [(Ag/Ach)-1] f’’c/fyt

High-Strength vs. Conventional Transverse

Columns of Special Moment Frames–

 21.1.7.2 — Welding of stirrups, ties, inserts, or other similar

Beams of Special Moment Frames (21.5.1) (8.3.4.1)

Factored axial compressive force d Agfcc/10

Clear span t 4 × effective depth

Width to depth ratio t 0.3

ACI 318-11 Figure R21.5.1, 8.3.4.1(d)

… The provisions for special moment frames shall

Beams of Special Moment Frames – Longitudinal

Beams of Special Moment Frames – Transverse

Beams of Special Moment Frames – Transverse

Trans. reinf. based on Mpr d/4

Beams of Special Moment Frames –

Beams of Special Moment Frames –

Beams of Special Moment Frames – Transverse

21.5.3.3 (8.3.4.3(c)) — Where hoops are required,

Shear Design of Special Moment

Flexural Strength in ACI 318,

Hoop Reinforcement (21.5.3.6) (8.3.4.3)

Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames –

Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames –

Beams of Intermediate Moment Frames – Transverse

Trans. reinf. based on Mn

Intermediate Moment Frames (21.3.3)

Shear Design of Intermediate Moment

Intermediate Moment Frames (21.3.3)

Intermediate Moment Frames (21.3.3)

Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-Way

Moment distribution: lateral load

Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-

Moment Transfer by Flexure and Shear

Jf x Transfer Moment Transferred by Flexure

Jf = 60% for square columns

Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-

Fig. R21.3.6.1 (Fig. 6.8.23): Effective width for reinforcement

Intermediate Moment Frames – Two-

Fig. R21.3.6.1 (Fig. 6.8.23): Effective width for reinforcement

Intermediate Moment Frames –

All section numbers that are not in blue are from

Minimum elongation in 200 mm shall be at least 14 percent for

ACI 21.1.5.4, 8.3.3.4(c) — The value of fyt used to compute

21.1.7.2 — Welding of stirrups, ties, inserts, or other similar

Factored axial compressive force d Agfcc/10

Clear span t 4 × effective depth

Width to depth ratio t 0.3

Jf x Transfer Moment Transferred by Flexure

Shortest cross-sectional dimension t 300 mm.

Ratio of shortest cross-sectional dimension to

For columns, flexural strength shall be calculated

Slab reinforcement within an effective width

V joint As (1 .25 f y ) As' (1 .25 f y ) V col

V joint As (1 .25 f y ) As' (1 .25 f y ) V col

Joints confined on 3 faces/2 opposite faces: