The skull is composed of several bones joined by sutures. It is divided into the cranium, which forms the vault and base of the skull, and the facial bones. The cranium contains the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and temporal bones. The facial bones include the zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, and mandible. Sutures are immovable joints between skull bones, such as the coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures.
The skull is composed of several bones joined by sutures. It is divided into the cranium, which forms the vault and base of the skull, and the facial bones. The cranium contains the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and temporal bones. The facial bones include the zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, and mandible. Sutures are immovable joints between skull bones, such as the coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures.
The skull is composed of several bones joined by sutures. It is divided into the cranium, which forms the vault and base of the skull, and the facial bones. The cranium contains the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and temporal bones. The facial bones include the zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, and mandible. Sutures are immovable joints between skull bones, such as the coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures.
- composed of separate bones and united at immobile joints called sutures (except for SagiLal suture mandible) - ar9cula9on between two parietal bones - divided into cranium and facial bones (viscerocranium) Lambdoid suture - the connec9ve 9ssue between bones is - ar9cula9on bet. Parietal and occipital called sutural ligament Bregma CRANIUM - junc9on of the sagiCal and coronal sutures - vault (calvaria/calva)- upper part of the cranium; covers the cranial cavity; skullcap Lambda - base- lowest part of the cranium; floor of - junc9on of the sagiCal and lambdoid the cranial cavity Squamous sutures Consists of the following bones: -ar9cula9on between parietal bone and - frontal bone (1) tempiral bone - parietal bone (2) - occipital bone (1) • Parietomastoid suture – ar9cula9on - temporal bones (2) between parietal bone and mastoid - sphenoid bone (1) process of temporal bone - ethmoid (1) • occipitomastoid suture- ar9cula9on bet occipital bone and mastoid DIPLOE process of temporal bone -Layer of spongy bone that separates the external and internal tables of compact bone Sphenosqamous suture of the calvaria - ar9cula9on bet. The greater wing of - internal table is thinner and more briCle sphenoid bone and squamous part of than the external table temporal bone
Consists of the following bones: -ar9cula9on between the greater wing of - zygoma9c bones (2) (cheeks) sphenoid bone and parietal bone - maxillae (2) - nasal bone s(2) Pterion - lacrimal bone (2) (eyes) - junc9on where the frontal, parietal, -vomer (1) sphenoid, and temporal bones are in close -pala9ne conchae (2) (tubinates) proximity - mandible (1) - bone in this area is par9cularly thin and overlies the anterior division of the middle Note: Nasal conchae humidifies the air the meningeal artery – can be torn by a skull we breathe fracture resul9ng in an extradural hematoma
SUTURES ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL
Coronal suture Frontal bone - ar9cula9on between frontal bone and - forms the forehead and the superior part of parietal bone the rim of each orbit • superciliary arches- located superior • superiorly contributes to the inferior and to the rim of each orbit; more medial rims of the orbit pronounced in men than women • glabella- depression located between zygomaVc process of maxilla superciliary arches - ar9culates with the zygoma9c bone
Myerson’s sign- lack of habitua9on of Frontal process
glabellar reflex - ar9culates with the frontal bone
Frontal bone body of maxilla
• Supraorbital foramen (supraorbital - located lateral to the opening of the nasal notch)- located in the medial part of cavity the superior rim of each orbit; infraorbital foramen passageway for supraorbital nerve - located within the body of the maxilla, just and vessels below the inferior rim of the orbit; • zygomaVc process of frontal bone – passageway for infraorbital nerve and vessels projects inferiorly forming the upper -Supplies incision to the skin of the cheek, lateral rim of the orbit ; ar9culates upper lip, lateral aspect of the nose, and with the frontal process of the upper teeth zygoma9c bone alveolar process ZygomaVc bones (cheekbones) - contains the teeth and forms the upper jaw - forms the lateral lower rim of the orbits Nasal bones Mandible - ar9culate with each other in the midline, - forms the lower jaw (mandible) and with the frontal bone superiorly -consists of the body anteriorly and the • nasion- center of the frontonasal ramus of posteriorly suture • each nasal bone ar9culates with the angle of mandible frontal process of each maxilla. - where the ramus and the body of the mandible meet Nasal Bones - parts of the body of mandible: piriform aperture o Base of the mandible- lower part - large opening in the nasal region and the o Alveolar part of mandible- upper anterior opening of the nasal cavity; bounded part superiorly by the nasal bones and laterally and inferiorly by each maxilla alveolar part of mandible - contains the lower teeth; resorbed when Nasal crests (vomer) the lower teeth are removed - fused bones forming the lower part of the bony nasal septum; they end anteriorly as the mental protuberance anterior nasal spine and the paired inferior - midline swelling on the anterior surface of nasal conchae the base of the mandible
Maxillae mental tubercles
- slightly more pronounced bumps • located between the orbit and the upper located just lateral to the mental teeth protuberance mental foramen POSTERIOR PART OF THE SKULL - passageway for mental nerves and vessels OCCIPITAL BONE oblique line Squamous part of occipital bone – ridge passing from the front of the ramus - main structure in the posterior view of the onto the body of the mandible; aCachment skull point for muscles that depress the lower lip
LATERAL VIEW OF THE SKULL Wormian bones – aka intrasutural bones;
Temporal bone - Addi9onal small bones that develop from - major contributor of the lower por9on of extra ossifica9on centers within the cranium; the lateral wall of the cranium located in the lambdoid suture or the coronal squamous part suture - looks like a large flat plate; forms the anterior and superior parts of the temporal External occipital protuberance bones –midline projec9on
ZygomaVc process of temporal bone Superior nuchal lines
- anterior bony projec9on from the lower – curved lines extending laterally from the surface of the squamous part of the temporal external occipital protuberance bone; ar9culates with the temporal process of the zygoma9c bone Inferior nuchal lines – located ~ 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the superior tympanic part of the temporal bone nuchal lines - located immediately below the origin of the zygoma9c process; contains the Inion external acous9c meatus (ear canal) – most prominent point of the external occipital protuberance petromastoid part - composed of a petrous part and a Hard Palate mastoid part - Composed of the pala9ne processes of each maxilla anteriorly and the horizontal plates of mastoid part each pala9ne bone posteriorly - most posterior part of the temporal bone; con9nuous with the squamous part Vomer of the temporal bone anteriorly - Contributes to the forma9on of the bony nasal septum separa9ng the two choanae mastoid process - large bony prominence that projects Sphenoid Bone from the inferior border of the mastoid - Made up of a centrally placed body, paired part of the temporal bone; aCachment greater and lesser wings projec9ng laterally point for several muscles from the body, and two downward projec9ng pterygoid processes styloid process immediately lateral to each choana - located medial to the mastoid process; projects from the lower border of the temporal bone