Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Creep and Shrinkage
Creep and Shrinkage
Throughout the course of time, structural concrete may undergo wear and tear, which may
cause cracking, stresses or deflections that will affect the in-service behavior of the
reinforced concrete structures. This time-dependent phenomenon in concrete that we
observed is called the creep and shrinkage. These circumstances are already part of the life
cycle of a structure that should be taken into consideration in the design. But before doing
so, it is important to understand the difference between the two, to be able to come up with
a favorable design.
Creep
Creep is the gradual increase in a strain of a structural member which is subjected to
certain loading over a period of time. When the concrete is loaded in compression, an
elastic strain develops as shown in figure A. If this load remains on the member, creep
strain developed with time.The main factors affecting creep strain are the concrete strength
and mixture, the type of aggregate, curing, the relative humidity and the duration of the
sustained loading.
where:
Figu
re B: Shrinkage Diagram of an Unloaded Specimen
On the other hand, Shrinkage has been discussed in BS8110: Part 2, section 7.4. The
values obtained from the shrinkage strain are used in the deflection calculation. An estimate
of the shrinkage of the symmetrically reinforced concrete section may be obtained from:
where:
Deflection Calculations
The values obtained from the creep and shrinkage strain are used in the calculation of
deflection. For further details, the Calculation of deflection can be found in section 3.7 of
BS8110: Part 2.
Note: The above formula are based on BS8110, ACI had a different approach on obtaining
the values of creep and shrinkage strain.