5.

Lintel

Windows and doors are structural weak points in a wall. Because these features don’t
provide the same load-bearing functionality as bricks, concrete or timber framing, your
building may require a lintel. This structural piece is placed above a window or door and
redirects the top load. A precast lintel is a popular option for generic dimensions and
materials. These lintels are constructed in a factory, so they are typically more affordable
and convenient than in situ lintels. Lintels that are cast in situ are cast and poured at the
jobsite. Instead of constructing them in a factory, the concrete is mixed, framed and poured
either directly above the window or door or poured at the jobsite. This allows for a special
concrete mixture or design for your building project.

6. Sunken Slab

Residential and commercial jobsites may require a sunken slab in washrooms or around
other fixtures. These construction situations require a slab that is below the floor grade and
accommodates water and sewer lines. A sunken slab typically has a slope and is below
grade enough to fit a shower base or other fixture so that the top of the fixture is flush or
closer to flush with the floor. Use a construction level to determine the recess needed to
accommodate both the slab and the fixture.
7. Cable Suspension Slab

Bridges are the most common area where cable suspension slabs are used. Stretch long
spans without compromising the structural integrity of the concrete surface. This type of
slab can also be used in commercial construction to create a floating foundation or raised
walkway between buildings. The size and frequency of suspension cables depends on
many critical factors. You’ll need to calculate the weight of the slab, the length it’s being
suspended and the expected load. These factors help you arrive at optimal slab dimensions
and suspension considerations before you design the columns to support the bridge or
other structure.