Mosbys Essentials for Nursing

Assistants 5th Edition Sorrentino Test

Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/mosbys-essentials-for-nursing-assistants-5th-edition-sorrentino-test-bank/
Chapter 7: Body Structure and Function
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The basic unit of body structure is the

a. Cell
b. Nucleus
c. Organ
d. System
ANS: A REF: p. 70

2. Which part of the cell directs the cell’s activities?

a. Cell membrane
b. Cytoplasm
c. Protoplasm
d. Nucleus
ANS: D REF: p. 70

3. Where is the nucleus located?

a. Outside the cell
b. In the center of the cell
c. Inside the genes
d. Inside the chromosomes
ANS: B REF: p. 70

4. How many chromosomes are in each cell?

a. 15
b. 23
c. 46
d. 92
ANS: C REF: p. 71

5. The process of cell division is called

a. Protoplasm
b. Chromosomes
c. Nucleosis
d. Mitosis
ANS: D REF: p. 71

6. Groups of cells with similar functions combine to form

a. Tissues
b. Organs
c. Chromosomes
d. Genes
ANS: A REF: p. 71
 7. Which allows the body to move by stretching and contracting?
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Nerve tissue
ANS: C REF: p. 71

8. Groups of tissues with the same function form

a. Systems
b. Organs
c. Mitosis
d. Chromosomes
ANS: B REF: p. 71

9. Systems are
a. Groups of organs that work together to perform special functions
b. Tissues that cover internal and external body surfaces
c. Tissues that receive and carry impulses to the brain and body parts
d. Connective tissue that anchors, connects, and supports the body
ANS: A REF: p. 71

10. Which is the outer layer of the skin?

a. Dermis
b. Epidermis
c. Epithelium
d. Nerves
ANS: B REF: p. 72

11. What gives skin its color?

a. Genes
b. Chromosomes
c. Pigment
d. Epidermis
ANS: C REF: p. 72

12. Where are blood vessels, nerves, sweat and oil glands, and hair roots found?
a. The dermis
b. The epidermis
c. The integument
d. The epithelium
ANS: A REF: p. 72

13. Which help the body regulate temperature?

a. Muscles
b. Hair and nails
c. The sweat glands
 d. The oil glands
ANS: C REF: p. 72

14. Which is not a function of the skin?

a. It allows bacteria and other substances to enter the body.
b. It prevents excess amounts of water from leaving the body.
c. It protects organs from injury.
d. It helps regulate body temperature.
ANS: A REF: p. 72

15. The musculoskeletal system does the following except

a. Provides the framework for the body
b. Allows the body to move
c. Protects the body
d. Helps regulate body temperature
ANS: D REF: p. 72

16. Which bones bear the body’s weight?

a. Long bones
b. Short bones
c. Flat bones
d. Irregular bones
ANS: A REF: p. 72

17. Blood cells are formed in the

a. Cartilage
b. Tendons
c. Bone marrow
d. Periosteum
ANS: C REF: p. 72

18. The point at which two or more bones meet is

a. A joint
b. Cartilage
c. A muscle
d. A tendon
ANS: A REF: p. 73

19. Bones are held together at a joint by

a. Cartilage
b. Tendons
c. Ligaments
d. Periosteum
ANS: C REF: p. 73

20. The hips and shoulders are

 a. Ball-and-socket joints
b. Hinge joints
c. Pivot joints
d. Ligament joints
ANS: A REF: p. 73

21. Which are voluntary muscles?

a. Stomach muscles
b. Arm and leg muscles
c. Heart muscle
d. Intestinal muscles
ANS: B REF: p. 74

22. Muscles are connected to bones by

a. Ligaments
b. Cartilage
c. Tendons
d. Joints
ANS: C REF: p. 74

23. The connective tissue at the end of long bones is

a. Ligament
b. Cartilage
c. Tendon
d. Joint
ANS: B REF: p. 73

24. This is the largest part of the brain. It is the center of thought and intelligence.
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Midbrain
d. Brainstem
ANS: A REF: p. 76

25. Which part of the brain regulates and coordinates body movements?
a. The cerebral cortex
b. The cerebrum
c. The cerebellum
d. The brainstem
ANS: C REF: p. 76

26. The brainstem contains the following structures except

a. The midbrain
b. The pons
c. The medulla
d. The cerebral cortex
 ANS: D REF: p. 76

27. Swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are controlled by the

a. Midbrain
b. Pons
c. Medulla
d. Cerebral cortex
ANS: C REF: p. 76

28. Pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain are contained in the
a. Brainstem
b. Pons
c. Spinal cord
d. Meninges
ANS: C REF: p. 75

29. The cerebrospinal fluid

a. Protects the brain and spinal cord
b. Conducts messages to and from the brain
c. Controls thought and intelligence
d. Controls movement and balance
ANS: A REF: p. 76

30. The peripheral nervous system consists of

a. The spinal cord
b. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
c. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
d. The right and left hemispheres
ANS: B REF: p. 76

31. The sympathetic nervous system

a. Sends messages to and from the brain
b. Controls thought and intelligence
c. Speeds up body functions
d. Slows down body functions
ANS: C REF: p. 76

32. The white of the eye is the

a. Sclera
b. Pupil
c. Cornea
d. Iris
ANS: A REF: p. 77

33. The opening in the middle of the iris is the

a. Sclera
b. Pupil
 c. Cornea
d. Iris
ANS: B REF: p. 77

34. Nerve fibers of the optic nerve are found in the

a. Sclera
b. Cornea
c. Iris
d. Retina
ANS: D REF: p. 77

35. Light enters the eye through the

a. Sclera
b. Cornea
c. Iris
d. Retina
ANS: B REF: p. 77

36. The ear functions in hearing and

a. Balance
b. Touch
c. Hammering
d. Sensation
ANS: A REF: p. 77

37. The waxy substance secreted by glands in the auditory canal is called
a. Malleus
b. Cerumen
c. Incus
d. Cochlea
ANS: B REF: p. 77

38. The tympanic membrane also is called the

a. Eardrum
b. Hammer
c. Anvil
d. Stirrup
ANS: A REF: p. 77

39. The circulatory system does the following except

a. Carries food and oxygen to the cells
b. Removes waste products from the cells
c. Produces cells that defend the body from microbes that cause disease
d. Brings oxygen into the body
ANS: D REF: p. 78
40. The part of the blood that is mostly water is
a. Red blood cells
b. White blood cells
c. Hemoglobin
d. Plasma
ANS: D REF: p. 78

41. This substance gives red blood cells their color.

a. Oxygen
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Hemoglobin
d. Plasma
ANS: C REF: p. 78

42. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are formed by
a. The heart
b. The bone marrow
c. The valves
d. Hemoglobin
ANS: B REF: p. 72

43. White blood cells

a. Are needed for clotting
b. Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. Protect the body against infection
d. Produce heat
ANS: C REF: p. 78

44. Which is the muscular part of the heart?

a. The pericardium
b. The myocardium
c. The endocardium
d. The ventricles
ANS: B REF: p. 78

45. Which heart chamber receives blood from body tissues?

a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
ANS: A REF: p. 78

46. Which heart chamber pumps blood to all parts of the body?
a. Right atrium
b. Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Left ventricle
 ANS: D REF: p. 78

47. Which is the working phase of the heart?

a. Bicuspid valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Systole
d. Diastole
ANS: C REF: p. 78

48. Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

a. Arteries
b. Capillaries
c. Veins
d. Venules
ANS: A REF: p. 79

49. Which is the largest artery?

a. Aorta
b. Carotid artery
c. Radial artery
d. Brachial artery
ANS: A REF: p. 79

50. Which vessels return blood to the heart?

a. Arteries
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
ANS: B REF: p. 79

51. Which carries blood from the legs and trunk to the heart?
a. Inferior vena cava
b. Superior vena cava
c. Aorta
d. Veins
ANS: A REF: p. 79

52. The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them is
a. Respiration
b. Inhalation
c. Expiration
d. Circulation
ANS: A REF: p. 81

53. Inspiration involves

a. Breathing in
 b. Breathing out
c. Breathing in and out
d. Exhaling
ANS: A REF: p. 81

54. Another name for the trachea is the

a. Nose
b. Mouth
c. Windpipe
d. Alveoli
ANS: C REF: p. 81

55. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

a. During inspiration and expiration
b. During inhalation and exhalation
c. Between the alveoli and capillaries
d. At the pharynx and larynx
ANS: C REF: p. 81

56. Which separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity?

a. The pharynx
b. The larynx
c. The bronchus
d. The diaphragm
ANS: D REF: p. 81

57. Each lung is covered by a two-layered sac called the

a. Bronchus
b. Bronchiole
c. Alveoli
d. Pleura
ANS: D REF: p. 81

58. The process of physically and chemically breaking down food so it can be absorbed by the
cells is called
a. Peristalsis
b. Digestion
c. Metabolism
d. Mitosis
ANS: B REF: p. 81

59. The digestive system

a. Removes waste products from the blood
b. Removes solid wastes from the body
c. Maintains the body’s water balance
d. Protects the body against disease
 ANS: B REF: p. 81

60. Which is not a part of the digestive system?

a. The tongue
b. The gallbladder
c. The pancreas
d. The bladder
ANS: D REF: p. 81

61. Digestion begins in the

a. Mouth
b. Stomach
c. Pharynx
d. Small intestine
ANS: A REF: p. 81

62. What is the function of saliva?

a. It allows sweet, sour, bitter, and salty to be sensed.
b. It aids in swallowing and peristalsis.
c. It cuts, chops, and grinds food for digestion and swallowing.
d. It moistens food particles to ease swallowing and begin digestion.
ANS: D REF: p. 82

63. During swallowing, the tongue pushes food into the

a. Stomach
b. Esophagus
c. Pharynx
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 82

64. Food is moved down the esophagus by

a. Peristalsis
b. Gravity
c. Digestion
d. The blood
ANS: A REF: p. 82

65. What is the stomach’s function in digestion?

a. It cuts, chops, and grinds food.
b. It pushes food through the GI tract.
c. It produces bile to aid digestion.
d. It stirs and churns food to break it down into small particles.
ANS: D REF: p. 82

66. Chyme is produced in the

a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
 c. Pancreas
d. Large intestine
ANS: A REF: p. 82

67. Which is not a part of the small intestine?

a. Duodenum
b. Pancreas
c. Jejunum
d. Ileum
ANS: B REF: p. 82

68. Bile is stored in the

a. Stomach
b. Liver
c. Gallbladder
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 82

69. Chyme moves through the small intestine by

a. Peristalsis
b. Gravity
c. Digestion
d. The blood
ANS: A REF: p. 82

70. Most food absorption occurs in the

a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Liver
d. Large intestine
ANS: B REF: p. 82

71. The large intestine also is called the

a. Colon
b. Rectum
c. Anus
d. Villi
ANS: A REF: p. 82

72. After water is absorbed from chyme, the remaining semisolid material is called
a. Chyme
b. Feces
c. Mucus
d. A bowel movement
ANS: B REF: p. 82
73. The waste products of digestion pass out of the body through the
a. Colon
b. Large intestine
c. Rectum
d. Anus
ANS: D REF: p. 82

74. The urinary system

a. Rids the body of solid wastes
b. Rids the body of carbon dioxide
c. Produces sweat
d. Removes waste products from the blood
ANS: D REF: p. 82

75. The urinary system involves the following except the

a. Kidneys
b. Bladder
c. Urethra
d. Vagina
ANS: D REF: p. 82

76. Urine is formed in the

a. Bladder
b. Nephrons
c. Penis
d. Urethra
ANS: B REF: p. 83

77. Urine is stored in the

a. Ureters
b. Bladder
c. Penis
d. Urethra
ANS: B REF: p. 83

78. The opening at the end of the urethra is the

a. Penis
b. Bladder
c. Meatus
d. Vagina
ANS: C REF: p. 83

79. Sperm cells are produced in the

a. Testes
b. Ovaries
c. Scrotum
d. Prostate gland
 ANS: A REF: p. 83

80. The male hormone is

a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Progesterone
d. Vas deferens
ANS: A REF: p. 84

81. Semen leaves the body through the

a. Testes
b. Urethra
c. Prostate gland
d. Vagina
ANS: B REF: p. 83

82. The female gonads are called

a. Testes
b. Ovaries
c. Testicles
d. Fallopian tubes
ANS: B REF: p. 84

83. Female sex cells are called

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Ova
d. Labia
ANS: C REF: p. 84

84. The process of releasing a female sex cell is called

a. Ovulation
b. Menstruation
c. Fertilization
d. Lactation
ANS: A REF: p. 84

85. The female sex glands secrete

a. Estrogen and progesterone
b. Testosterone
c. Menstruation
d. The endometrium
ANS: A REF: p. 84

86. Where does a fertilized sex cell grow during pregnancy?

a. The fallopian tube
 b. The uterus
c. The vagina
d. The ovary
ANS: B REF: p. 84 | p. 85

87. External genitalia in the female are called the

a. Breasts
b. Mammary glands
c. Vulva
d. Labia
ANS: C REF: p. 84

88. Menstruation normally occurs

a. After intercourse
b. Every day
c. About every week
d. About every 28 days
ANS: D REF: p. 85

89. During fertilization

a. The endometrium is discharged from the body
b. A sex cell is released
c. Erectile tissue becomes hard
d. A male sex cell and a female sex cell unite
ANS: D REF: p. 85

90. The master gland of the body is the

a. Thyroid gland
b. Adrenal medulla
c. Pituitary gland
d. Pancreas
ANS: C REF: p. 85

91. Growth hormone is secreted by the

a. Thyroid gland
b. Adrenal glands
c. Parathyroid glands
d. Pituitary gland
ANS: D REF: p. 85

92. Too little thyroid hormone results in the following except

a. Weight gain
b. Slowed movements
c. Slowed body processes
d. Too much sugar in the blood
ANS: D REF: p. 85
93. The adrenal glands are located
a. In the neck
b. Behind the eyes
c. Next to the thyroid glands
d. On top of each kidney
ANS: D REF: p. 85

94. The adrenal medulla secretes

a. Parathormone
b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
c. Insulin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ANS: B REF: p. 86

95. The pancreas secretes

a. Parathormone
b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
c. Insulin
d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ANS: C REF: p. 85

96. Which hormone regulates the amount of sugar in the blood?

a. The glucocorticoids
b. Estrogen
c. Thyroid hormone
d. Insulin
ANS: D REF: p. 85

97. The immune system functions to

a. Regulate body activities
b. Protect the body against disease and infection
c. Regulate water and sodium balance
d. Eliminate waste
ANS: B REF: p. 86

98. A person has protection against a disease or condition. This is called

a. An antibody
b. An antigen
c. Immunity
d. Hormones
ANS: C REF: p. 86

99. A substance that can cause an immune response is

a. An antibody
b. An antigen
c. Immunity
 d. Hormones
ANS: B REF: p. 86

100. Which produces antibodies?

a. Red blood cells
b. Hormones
c. Insulin
d. Lymphocytes
ANS: D REF: p. 86

101. Lymph is formed in the

a. Bone
b. Muscle
c. Tissues
d. Brain
ANS: C REF: p. 86

102. The purpose of the lymphatic system is to

a. Defend the body against infection
b. Prevent someone from bleeding to death
c. Provide oxygen to the tissues
d. Circulate blood to the areas of the body
ANS: A REF: p. 86
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 encystment, 147
Lafoea, 280;
L. dumosa, 280
Lafoëina (Campanulariidae, 280), 277
Laganum, 548, 549
Lagena, 59, 63, 66 f.;
fossil, 70
Lagenaceae, 59
Lagoon, 390 f.
Lamblia, 111;
L. intestinalis, conjugation, 116 n.
Lampetia, 418
Lancet-plate, 599
Lang, on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;
on Protozoa, 46;
on distinctions of pseudopodia, 47 n.
Lankester, on Protozoa, 45 f.;
on classification of Protozoa, 49 n.;
on Proteomyxa, 89;
on Sporozoa, 94;
on Haemosporidae, 102;
on pigment of Stentor coeruleus, 154 n.;
on Torquatella, 155 n.;
on chlorophyll of Ephydatia, 175;
on Limnocodium, 292
Lankesterella, 97, 102
Lankesteria, 97;
L. ascidiae, life-cycle of, 95
Lantern-coelom of Echinus esculentus, 524;
represented by buccal sinus of Holothuria nigra, 566
Lanuginella pupa, 198
Lar, 273;
L. sabellarum, 266, 267, 268
Larcoidea, 77
Larva, of sponges, 180, 226, 227;
"asexual," 228;
of Tubularia, 271;
 of Stylasterina, 284;
of Trachomedusae, 290;
of Narcomedusae, 295;
of Velella, 302;
of Scyphozoa, 317;
of Alcyonaria, 341;
of Renilla, 360;
of Zoantharia, 373;
of Zoanthidae, 405;
of Cerianthidea, 411;
of Ctenophora, 416, 419;
of Cribrella, 462;
of Luidia, 605;
of Asterina gibbosa, 463, 610, 611, 612;
of Ophiuroidea, 606;
of Echinus, 607;
of Synapta, 608;
of Antedon rosacea, 618, 619, 620
Larval brain, of Echinopluteus, 607;
of Antedon rosacea, 619
Larval type of development, 601
Lateral mouth-shields of Ophiothrix fragilis, 485
Lauterborn, on sapropelic organisms, 48;
on budding in Rhizopods, 56 n.
Laveran, on Sporozoa, 94;
on Acystosporidae, 102
Laverania, 97;
parasite of bilious or pernicious fever, 104 f.
Lebrunia, 382;
L. coralligens, 373
Lecqueureusia, 52;
L. spiralis, test of, 55
Lee, A. Bolles, on action of clearing reagents, 11 n.
Leech, host of Haemogregarina, for sexual process, 102
Leeuwenhoek, on organisms of putrefaction, 42 f.
Léger, on Protozoa, 45;
on Sporozoa, 94;
 on sperms of Pterocephalus, 99 n.;
and Duboscq, on Sarcocystis tenella, 108 n.
Leidy, on Protozoa, 46
Leiopathes, 368, 409
Leiopathidae, 409
Leiosella, 225
Leipoldt, on the madreporic vesicle of Echinoidea, 528
Lelapia australis, 192
Lembadion, 137;
caudal cilia of, 141 n.
Lembus, 137;
caudal cilia of, 141 n.
Lemnalia, 349
Lendenfeld, von, 218, 220, 220 n.
Lepidogorgia, 355
Leptobrachiidae, 325
Leptodiscus, 110, 132, 134
Leptogonaster, 456, 467
Leptogorgia, 340, 357
Leptopenus, 404
Leptophyllia, 404
Lesser, Hertwig and, on Heliozoa, 71
Lesueuria, 419
Lesueuriidae, 419
Leucandra, 191, 192, 209, 221
Leucilla, 191, 191
Leucin, 15
Leuckart, 245
Leucocyte, 4 f.;
movements of, 7 f.
Leucophrys, 137
Leucosin, 115
Leucosolenia, 221;
collar-cell, 186;
larva, 227 f.;
spicule, 232;
L. botryoides, buds, 228, 229
Leucosoleniidae, 185 f.
Levander, on Caenomorpha, Metopus, etc., 154 n.
Leydenia, 90 f.
Liberation of sporozoites of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to fits
of fever, 103
Lice, supposed spontaneous generation of, 42
Lichen compared to Radiolarian with symbiotic holophytic
organisms, 86
Lichnophora, 138;
adoral wreath, 138 n.
Lieb, Calkins and, on rhythm in life-cycle of Ciliata, 148 n.
Lieberkühn, 167, 178, 237 n.
Lieberkühnia, 59, 61
Life-cycle, life-history, of Trichosphaerium sieboldi, 54, 56;
of Polythalamic Foraminifera, 67 f.;
of Lankesteria ascidiae, 95 f.;
of Coccidium schubergi, 99 f., 101;
of malarial parasites, 103, 104 f.;
of Flagellata, 116 f.;
of Ciliata, 147 f.
Light, stimulus of, 19, 21 f.;
function of, in carbohydrate formation, 36;
effect on Euglena, 125
Lillie, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.
Limicolous Protozoa, 48
Limit of growth, Herbert Spencer's, 23 f., 31
Limnocnida, 293;
L. tanganyicae, 293
Limnocodium, 293;
L. sowerbyi, 292
Linantha, 322
Linckia, 459, 471
Linckiidae, 461, 471
Lindström, 346
Linerges (allied to Atollidae, 322), 316
Linin, 6, 24 f.;
of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7
Linuche, 322
Lionotus, 137, 152 n.
Lipochrome, 39
Liriantha appendiculata, 291, 295
Liriope, 288, 290, 295;
L. rosacea, 289
Lissodendoryx, 224
Lissomyxilla, 225
Lister, A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
Lister, J. J., on Foraminifera—reproduction, 67 f.;
dimorphism, 67;
 palaeontology, 70;
classification, 58 f.;
on Astrosclera, 194 n.
Lithistida, 194, 212, 215
Lithobius forficatus, host of Coccidium schubergi, 99
Lithocercus, 78;
L. annularis, 82
Lithoninae, 193 f.
Lithostrotion, 394
Littoral Protozoa, 48
Lituaria, 364
Lituola, 59
Lituolidaceae, 59
Living beings, characters of, 16 f.;
criterion of, 11
Lizzia, 265, 270
Lobata, 414, 416, 418 f.
Lobophytum, 333, 347, 349
Lobopodia, 47 n.
Locomotion, in Heliozoa, 73
Loeb, Jacques, on "chemical" fertilisation, 32 n.;
on polarity in regeneration, 229 f.
Loftusia, 59, 70, 283
Lohmann, on Silicoflagellates, 114 n.
Loisel, 237, 238
Longitudinal band of cilia of Dipleurula, 604;
of Tornaria, 616
Longitudinal fission of Eutreptia viridis, 124;
of Flagellates, 109, 115;
of Bodo saltans, 117 f.;
of Craspedomonadidae, 122
Longitudinal flagellum and groove in Dinoflagellata, 130, 131
Longitudinal section, of a young Asteroid, 445;
of a young Ophiuroid, 486;
of a Holothuroid, 563;
of Antedon, 584;
of free-swimming larva of Antedon, 618
Lophocalyx philippensis, 229
Lophoctenia, 418
Lophohelia, 399;
L. prolifera, 399
Lophomonas, 111, 123
Lophophore, 579
Lophophyllum, 406 f.
Louse, host for sexual process, etc., of Haemosporidian, 102 n.
Loxodes, 137, 144, 152 n.
Loxophyllum, 137, 152
Lucernaria, 320, 321;
L. campanulata, 321
Lucernariidae, 320
Ludwig, on the blood-system of Asteroidea, 449;
on the axial sinus of Ophiuroidea, 487;
on the classification of Holothuroidea, 570
Lühe, figures of Lankesteria, 95
Luidia, 467 f., 471, 477;
fossil, 475;
larva of L. ciliaris, 605
Luminosity or phosphorescence of sea, due to Cystoflagellata, 132,
134 f.;
to Dinoflagellata, 132
Lunule, 548
Lychnorhiza, 325
Lychnorhizidae, 325
Lytocarpus (Plumulariidae, 279), 277

Maas, 168, 189 n., 228 n., 230, 231 n., 232 n., 233, 324
MacBride, E. W., on Echinodermata, 425 f.
MacBride, Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
MacCallum, on malarial parasites, 103
M‘Dougall, on motile reaction of Protozoa, 19 n.
M‘Intosh, 370 n.
MacMunn, 169
Macrocnemic, 405
Macrocneminae, 405
Macrogonidia of Volvox, 126, 127
Macro-, prefix misused to mean "large," usually replaced here by
"mega," q.v.
Madrepora, 368, 373, 387, 389, 395;
M. forma cervicornis, 395;
M. forma palmata, 395;
M. forma prolifera, 395
Madreporaria, 369, 371, 384 f.
Madrepores, 326 = Madreporaria, q.v.
Madreporic vesicle (or right hydrocoel) of Asterias rubens, 448;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 490;
of Echinus esculentus, 528;
development in Dipleurula, 609
Madreporidae, 395
Madreporite, 428;
of Asterias rubens, 434;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 487;
of Ophiuroidea, 493;
of Cladophiurae, 493;
of Echinus esculentus, 512, 517;
of Echinocardium cordatum, 562;
of Holothuria tubulosa, 564;
of Elasipoda, 571;
of Pelagothuriida, 572;
in older fossil Pelmatozoa, 583;
in Thecocystis sacculus, 596
Magosphaera, 89
Maidenhair tree, spermatozoa of, 38
Malacogorgia, 334, 357
Malarial fever produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.
Mal de Caderas (= falling sickness of cattle), 119
Male gamete, 33;
motile in Lower Plants, Higher Cryptogams, Cycads, and Ginkgo,
38;
of Pandorina, 128 f.;
of Eudorina, 129;
of Peritrichaceae, 151
—see also Sperm, Spermatozoon
Malignant tumour, associated with Leydenia, 91
Mammals, syngamy in, 34;
contain Sarcosporidiaceae in muscles, 108
Man, host of Amoeba, 57;
of Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;
of Sarcocystis tenella, 108 n.;
of Trichomonas vaginalis, 119;
of Trypanosomes, 119 f.;
of the Ciliata Nyctotherus and Balantidium, 152
Manicina (Fam. Astraeidae, 399), 373;
M. areolata, 370, 389
Mann, on function of nucleus, 24 n.
Manson, on relation of Filarial disease to gnats or mosquitos, 103
Manson, the subject of inoculation experiments with malarial
parasites, 106
Manubrium, 251
Margelis ramosa, 269
Margelopsis, 270, 274 f.
Marginal, anchors, 320;
cirrhi, 139 f.
Marginaster, 464
Marine, Foraminifera, 60 f.;
Heliozoa, 75
Marrow, red, of bones, habitat of resting states of malarial parasites,
106 n.
Marshall, on amphidiscs, 179
Marshall, on Pennatulacea, 359 n.;
on the physiology of the nervous system of Antedon rosacea, 585
Marsigli, 167
Marsupifer valdiviae, 379
Marsupites, 588
Maryna, 137;
M. socialis, tube, 152
Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
Mastigamoeba, 109, 112
Mastigophora (Bütschli's name for Flagellata), 109
Mastigophrys, 71, 75 n.
Maturation of schizont of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to
fever-fit, 103
Maupas, on Protozoa, 45;
on life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.
Maupasia, 111, 124
Mayer, 312
Meandrina, 388, 401;
M. labyrinthica, 370
Mechanical stimuli, 19 f.
Median dorsal process of ciliated band of Bipinnaria, 606
Medium gametes in Pandorina, 128 f.
Medusa, 250;
of Millepora, 259 f.;
of Gymnoblastea, 262 f.;
of Calyptoblastea, 277 f.;
in Trachomedusae, 288 f.;
in Narcomedusae, 295 f.;
fresh-water, 292 f.;
of Siphonophora, 302, 309;
in Scyphozoa, 310 f.
Medusome, 250, 251, 252
Megagamete, 33;
see also Female gamete, Oosphere
Megalactis griffithsi, 384
Megalosphere, megalospheric, 67 f.
Megamastictora, 183, 184 f.
Meganucleus, 136, 139 f., 144, 149 f.;
degeneration of, in conjugation, 148 f.;
new formation of, in conjugation, 148, 151;
of Stylonychia mytilus, 139 f.;
of Carchesium, 146;
of Paramecium caudatum, 148, 151;
of Trachelius ovum, 153;
of Stentor, 154;
of S. polymorphus, 156;
of Suctoria, 160 f., 162;
 conjugation of, in Dendrocometes, 161
Megazooid of Vorticella, 157
Megazoospores, 85
Meissner, on classification of Spatangoidea, 554 n.
Melanin, 103
Melitodes, 333, 351, 353;
M. chamaeleon, 338;
M. dichotoma, 338, 351
Melitodidae, 337, 351
Mellita, 548, 549
Melobesia, 422
Melonitidae, 557
Membrana reticularis, 199, 200
Membrane, undulating, of Flagellata, 110, 115, 123;
of Trypanosoma, 115;
of Trichonymphidae, 123;
of Ciliata, 137, 139 f., 145, 156 f.;
of Stylonychia mytilus, 139;
of Pleuronema, 145;
of P. chrysalis, 153, 154;
of Caenomorpha uniserialis, 155;
of Vorticella, 156, 157
Membranella, 137, 139 f., 145;
of Stylonychia mytilus, 139 f.;
of Metopus sigmoides, 154;
of Caenomorpha uniserialis, 155;
of Vorticella, 156
Meresjkowsky, 238, 274
Merozoite, 97;
of Coccidium schubergi, 99 f., 101;
of Haemosporidae, 102;
of Acystosporidae, 103, 104 f.
Mertensia, 417;
M. ovum, 417;
stage of Lobata and Cestoidea, 414
Mertensiidae, 417
Mesenchyme, 604
Mesenteric filaments, Alcyonaria, 331, 333;
Zoantharia, 369
Mesenteries, of Alcyonaria, 329, 334;
of Zoantharia, 329, 366 f., 368;
of Asterias rubens, 439;
of Holothuria nigra, 562;
of Antedon rosacea, 585, 586
Mesnil, on Sporozoa, 94;
Caullery and, on Actinomyxidiaceae, 98 n.
Mesodinium, 137, 152
Mesogloea, 246;
of Alcyonaria, 330
Metabolic, metabolism, 13
Metacnemes, 367
Metacrinus, 588, 591
Metallogorgia, 355
Metamorphosis, of Insects, 44;
of Dipleurula, 610 f.
Metamp, 168, 169
Metaphytes, 41
—see also Plants, Higher
Metazoa, 40 f.;
rheotaxy of, 21;
origin of, from Protozoa, 40 f.;
flagellate sperms of, 109;
hosts of Polymastigidae, 111
—see also Animals, Higher
Method of study of the life-cycle, of organisms of putrefaction, etc.,
44;
of Flagellata, 116;
of Ciliata, 147
Metopus, 137;
M. pyriformis, 154;
M. sigmoides, 154
Metridium, 381 (= Actinoloba, q.v.)
Metschnikoff, 167, 178, 237 n., 296
Microbes, 44
Microciona, 225
Microgamete, 33;
of certain Coccidiaceae, 101
—see also Sperm, Spermatozoon
Microgromia socialis, 59 f., 60
Microhydra, 256
Micromastictora, 183, 195 f.
Micronuclei, micronucleus, 136, 139, 144 f., 148 f., 151 f., 155, 157,
159, 160 f.;
of certain Flagellata, a blepharoplast, 109 n.;
relations of Trypanosomic blepharoplast to, 121;
of Stylonychia mytilus, 139;
of Paramecium caudatum, 148, 151;
in conjugation, 148 f.;
numerous, of Stentor, 154;
of Vorticella, 157;
of Suctoria, 160 f.;
of Podophrya, 160;
of Acineta jolyi, 160
Micropyle, 230
Microscleres, 176
Microsolena, 404
Microsphere, microspheric, 67 f.
Microzooid of Vorticella, 157
Microzoospores, 85
Miescher's tubes, 108
Migratory pairing nucleus, 149 f.;
of Peritrichaceae, 151 f.
Miliola (Quinqueloculina), 65
Miliolidaceae, 59
Miliolina, 59, 66, 70
Milleporina, 257 f., 258, 260, 282;
nematocysts of, 247, 259
Milleporina, 257
Mimicry among Gymnostomaceous Ciliata, 152 n.
Minchin, on Sporozoa, 94 f.;
on Sponges, 168, 172 n., 185, 186 n., 227 n., 232, 316 n.
Minnows prey on Anopheles, 106
Minous inermis, 268
Minyadidae, 328, 366, 377, 383
Miserly cells, 32 f.
Mithrodia, 464
Mithrodiidae, 464
Mitosis, 25, 26, 27 f.;
functions of, 28 f.;
of micronuclei in Ciliata, 144
Mitrophanow, on trichocysts, 142 n.
Mitrophyes, 306
Miyajima, 273
Mnemia, 420
Mnemiidae, 420
Mnemiopsis, 420
Mnestra (position undetermined), 269
Mohl, von, on protoplasm, 3
Mole-cricket, host of Lophomonas, 123
Molluscs, hosts of Gregarines, 98
Molluscum contagiosum, 102
Molpadiida, 568, 569, 575, 576, 577, 578
Monacanthid, 457
Monadidae, 111
Monadineae, applied to Proteomyxa by Cienkowsky and Zopf, 89
Monads, a name for the lowest, simplest Flagellata, 109, 116 n.
Monas, 111, 119;
M. dallingeri, gametes of, 116 n.
Monaxon, 183, 184, 232
Monaxonic (= symmetrical about one single axis), 76
Monaxonida, 211, 216 f.
Moniliform meganucleus of Stentor, 156
Monobrachiidae, 274
Monobrachium, 274
Monocaulus, 263, 273;
M. imperator, 269, 273
Monocyclica, 594
Monocystis, 97 f.
Monograptus, 282
Monophyes, 303, 306
Monophyidae, 306
Monoprionidae, 282
Monopylaea (= Nassellaria), 76
Monorhaphis, 197
Monosiga, 111, 122
Monosiphonic, 275
Monotrypasta (= Osculosa), 76
Monoxenia darwinii, 342
Monstrous Foraminiferal shells, possible formation of, 69
Montipora, 390, 396
Moore, 293
Mopsea, 353
Morgan, on regeneration, 35 n.
Morphological contrast of Animals and Plants, 38 f.
Mortensen, on classificatory value of pedicellariae, 532;
on classification of Cidaridae, 534;
of Echinothuriidae, 536
Moseley, 258, 333, 338, 345, 411
Mosquito (= gnat), 103 f.;
dappled-wing-, intermediate hosts of Acystosporidae, 103
Mosquito-netting, a prophylactic against malarial fever, 103
Moss-dwelling Protozoa, 48
Mosser, F., 418 n.
Motile organs, 17 f.
Motile reactions of Protozoa, 19 f.
Motility, 9
Motion, ciliary, 18;
gliding, of protoplasm, 47 n.
Moulting of cuticle or cell-wall in Dinoflagellata, 130;
of Dendrocometes, 161
Mouth, of Flagellata, 113;
absent from Opalinidae, 123;
of Maupasia, 124;
excreta expelled by, in Noctiluca, 133;
of Ciliata, 137, 145 f.;
 of Gymnostomaceae, 137, 143, 145, 152;
of Stylonychia mytilus, 139 f.;
of Dysteria, 145;
of Pleuronema, 145;
of P. chrysalis, 153;
of Paramecium caudatum, 148, 151;
trichocysts of, in Gymnostomaceae, 143;
of Trachelius ovum, 153
Mouth-angle of Ophiothrix fragilis, 482
Mouth-frame, of Asteroidea, 436, 483;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 482;
of Ophiuroidea, 483, 492 f.;
of Ophiarachna incrassata, 484;
of Ophiacantha, 492;
of Ophioscolex, 492;
of Ophiothrix, 492
Mouth-papilla, of Ophiuroidea, 483, 492;
of Ophiocoma, 493
Movements, amoeboid, 5 f., 125 n.;
of Protista, 16 f.;
of Higher Plants, how produced, 38;
springing, of Bodo saltans, 114;
of Euglena, 124 f.;
euglenoid, 125 f.;
metabolic, 125 n.;
of Sporozoa, 125 n.;
of Stylonychia, 138;
springing, of tailed Ciliata, 141 n.;
of Halteria, 155;
of Suctorian tentacles, 159 f.
Muggiaea, 306;
M. atlantica, 304;
M. kochii, 303
Müller, J., on recognition of Echinoid larva, 518;
on the name Pluteus, 607
Müller, O. F., on Protozoa, 45
Multicilia, 109
Multinucleate Amoeba (Pelomyxa), 16;
Protozoa, regeneration of, 35
Multiple budding, in Suctoria, 160 f.
Multiple fission, 30 f.
—see also Brood-division
Murbach, 248 n., 288
Muricea, 356
Muriceidae, 330, 355
Muscle of Vorticella, 157
Muscle-cell, 19
Muscular contraction, physical explanation of, 19
—see also Myonemes
Mussa, 401
Mycetozoa (= Myxomycetes, q.v.), 50, 90 f.;
in relation to Fungi, 40;
studied by botanists, 45;
relations of, 49
Myocyte, 96, 98
Myonemes, 19, 96;
of Trypanosoma, 120 f.
of Stylonychia, 140;
of Ciliata, 142;
of Vorticella, 157
Myophrisks, 80
Myriophrys, 71
Myriothela, 269, 274
Myriothelidae, 274
Myxaster, 466
Myxasteridae, 464
Myxastrum, 70, 73
Myxidium, 98;
M. lieberkühnii, 107
Myxilla, 225
Myxobolus, 98;
spores of, 107
Myxobrachia, 83
Myxogasteres, Myxogastres, 90 f.
Myxoidea, 89
Myxomycetes, 90 f.;
rheotaxy of plasmodium in, 21
—see also Mycetozoa
Myxospongiae, 196
Myxosporidiaceae, 98, 106 f.;
spores, 107

Nagana disease of hoofed quadrupeds, 119

Naked Protozoa, 51 n.
Narcomedusae, 288, 295 f.
Nardoa, 455, 456, 471
Nassellaria, 76, 78;
skeleton of, 83;
geological occurrence of, 88
Nassoidea, 78
Nausithoe, 322;
Scyphistoma of (= Spongicola fistularis), 317;
N. punctate, 322;
N. rubra, 322
Nectocalyces, 297, 298, 305
Needham on spontaneous generation, 43
Nematocyst, 246 f., 247;
of Actinomyxidiaceae, 98;
of Myxosporidiaceae, 98, 107;
of Myxobolus mülleri, 107;
of Polykrikos, 131, 249;
of Epistylis, 249;
of Aeolis, 248;
of Hydra, 247;
of Millepora, 247, 259;
of Siphonophora, 300;
of Scyphozoa, 312;
of Alcyonium, 247;
of Sarcophytum, 248;
of Cerianthus, 247
Nematodes parasitic in blood, 103
Nematophores, 277
Nemocera (= gnats or mosquitos), 103 n.
Neohelia, 399
Neolampas, 554
Neosporidia, 97, 106
Nephthya, 341, 349
Nephthyidae, 349
Neresheimer, on neurophane fibrils in Ciliata, 143 n.
Nerve-ring, of Asterias rubens, 444, 447;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 488;
of Echinus esculentus, 518, 521, 527;
of Antedon rosacea, 583;
outer, of A. rosacea, 585
Nervous fibrils in Ciliata, 143
Nervous system, in Animals, not in Plants, 39 f.;
of Asterias rubens, 444 f.;
of Ophiothrix fragilis, 488;
of Echinus esculentus, 518 f.;
of Holothuria nigra, 566;
of Antedon rosacea, 583 f.
Neuron, 444
Neurophane (= supposed nervous fibrils in Ciliata), 143 n.
Newts, Trichodina parasitic in, 158
Nitriles in relation to nutrition, 36
Noctiluca, 110, 132 f.;
endosarc, 144;
N. miliaris, 133
Nodosaria, 59, 63, 66 f.
Nosema, 98;
N. bombycis, 107;
organism of pébrine, 107
Nubecularia, 59
Nuclear apparatus, of Infusoria, 48, 136;
of Ciliata, 139 f., 144 f.;
of diffused granules, in marine Ciliata, 144 n.;
of Suctoria, 159
—bipartition in Trichosphaerium, 54
—reduction of Actinosphaerium, 75 n.;
of Monocystis, 96;
of Coccidiaceae, 100, 104 f.;
of Acystosporidae, 104 f.;
of Myxosporidiaceae, 107;
of Flagellates, 116 n.
—divisions, in spores of Lankesteria, 95
—see also Mitosis, Karyokinesis
Nuclearia, 70
Nuclein mass (= karyosome), 24
Nucleinic acid, 7 n.
Nucleole, nucleolus, 7, 24, 25 f., 27;
of Sea-urchin ovum, 7;
of Sphaerella, 126
Nucleolidae, 554
Nudeolites, 554
Nucleoplasm, 6
Nucleoproteids, 12
Nucleus, 6;
of cell, 6 f.;
of Amoeba, 5 f.;
of A. polypodia, 10;
resting, function of, 24 n
—in mitosis, 25 f., 27 f.;
—of Euglypha, 29;
of Paramecium caudatum, 148
—pairing state of, 34;
of Ciliata, 150 f.;
of Paramecium caudatum, 148
—of Rhizopods, 52;
of Pelomyxa, 52;
of Microgromia socialis, 60;
of Foraminifera, 62;
of mega- and microspheric forms of Foraminifera, 68 f.;
of Heliozoa, 71, 72, 74;
of Clathrulina, 74;
of Radiolaria, 76;