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  • CNS Examination

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    sekhar
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    This document summarizes the components of a neurological examination, including: - Assessment of higher mental functions such as orientation, memory, speech, and language abilities. - Evaluation of the 12 cranial nerves, including smell, vision, eye movements, hearing, facial expressions, and tongue/throat functions. - Examination of motor skills including muscle tone, strength, and coordination of the upper and lower extremities. - Testing of reflexes, sensory functions, and signs related to the cerebellum and autonomic nervous system.

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    CNS EXAMINATION

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    This document summarizes the components of a neurological examination, including: - Assessment of higher mental functions such as orientation, memory, speech, and language abilities. - Evaluation of the 12 cranial nerves, including smell, vision, eye movements, hearing, facial expressions, and tongue/throat functions. - Examination of motor skills including muscle tone, strength, and coordination of the upper and lower extremities. - Testing of reflexes, sensory functions, and signs related to the cerebellum and autonomic nervous system.

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    20 views3 pages

    CNS Examination

    Uploaded by

    sekhar
    This document summarizes the components of a neurological examination, including: - Assessment of higher mental functions such as orientation, memory, speech, and language abilities. - Evaluation of the 12 cranial nerves, including smell, vision, eye movements, hearing, facial expressions, and tongue/throat functions. - Examination of motor skills including muscle tone, strength, and coordination of the upper and lower extremities. - Testing of reflexes, sensory functions, and signs related to the cerebellum and autonomic nervous system.

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    CNS EXAMINATION

    HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:


     Handedness
     Conscious & co-operative
     Orientation to Time, Place, Person
     MEMORY- Immediate, Recent, Remote
     SPEECH: Fluency, Comprehension,
     Naming, Repetition, Writing, Reading
    CRANIAL NERVES
    1s CN-Smell sensation in each nostril
    2*CN- Visual acuity- Near & Distant
    Colour Vision
    Field of vision
    3, 4, 6 CN- Extra ocular movements-Both individual eyes
    Presence of Nystagmus
    Pupils- size
    Light reflex- Direct & Indirect
    5th CN- Superficial skin sensation over face
    Test for Muscles of mastication
    7th CN -Taste sensation over anterior 2/3rd of tongue
    Muscles of facial expression
    8th CN- Test for acuity of hearing with fingers
    Rinne's test
    Weber's test
    Absolute bone conduction test
    9th CN- Gag reflex- afferent
    10th CN- Palatal reflex
    Gag reflex - efferent
    IDL- Vocal cord movements
    11th CN- Turning head against resistance
    Raising head forward against resistance
    Shrugging of shoulders against resistance
    12th CN- Atrophy & movements of tongue/fibrillation
    • MOTOR SYSTEM
    Attitude of limb

    Nutrition

    TONE- Hypotonia/ hypertonia-


    spasticity, rigidity.
    Power- UL- neck and trunk
    Shoulder- Abduction
    Adduction
    Flexion
    Extension
    Internal rotation
    External rotation
    Elbow- Flexion
    Extension
    Wrist- Flexion
    Extension
    Hand grip - small muscles
    Hip- Abduction
    Adduction
    Flexion
    Extension
    rotation
    Knee- Flexion
    Extension
    Ankle- Dorsiflexion
    Plantar Flexion
    Inversion and
    eversion
    REFLEXES:
    SUPERFICIAL-
    Corneal,
    conjunctival,
    abdominal,
    cremasteric,
    plantar
    release reflexes
    sphincteric reflexes anal and
    bulbocavernous
    DEEP -
    Jaw jerk,
    triceps,
    biceps,
    supinator ,
    knee,
    Ankle
    CO-ORDINATION- UL- fnt,fin, LL-knee heel.
    INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
    GAIT
    SENSORY SYSTEM
    EXTEROCEPTIVE-
    Touch, Pain, Temperature
    PROPRIOCEPTIVE - Vibration,
    Joint position sense
    ROMBERGS SIGN
    CORTICAL SENSATIONS
    Tactile - localisation,
    Two point discrimination,
    stereognosis, Graphaesthesia.
    CEREBELLAR SIGNS
    Nystagmus
    Titubation
    Scanning Speech
    Hypotonia
    Intention tremors/
    over shooting
    Dysdiadochokinesia
    phenomenon
    Rebound
    Limb incordination
    Knee Heel test
    Past pointing
    Tandem walking
    ANS :Orthostatic BP
    HR Variation with posture, perspiration
    MENINGEAL SIGNS:
    Neck stiffness
    Kernig's sign
    Brudzunki's sign
    Skull and spine- swelling, deformity,

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