Navigating Through Mathematics 1St Edition Collins Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Navigating Through Mathematics 1st
Edition Collins Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.

1) Eight voters are asked to rank 3 brands of automobiles: A, B, and C. The eight voters turn in the following
ballots showing their preferences in order:
CBA CBA
BCA BCA
ABC BAC
ABC ABC
Make a preference table for these ballots.
A) B)
Number of Votes 3 1 2 2 Number of Votes 3 2 1 2
First Choice AB B C First Choice AB B C
Second Choice B A C B Second Choice B A C A
Third Choice CCAA Third Choice CCAB
C) D)
First Choice AB B C First Choice AB B C
Second Choice B A C A Second Choice B A C B
Third Choice CCAB Third Choice CCAA
Answer: A
2) Eight voters are asked to rank 4 brands of ice cream: A, B, C, and D. The eight voters turn in the following
ballots showing their preferences in order:
BCAD BCAD
CADB CDAB
CDAB BACD
CDAB CADB
A) B)
First Choice B B CC First Choice B B CC
Second Choice A C A D Second Choice A C B D
Third Choice CADA Third Choice CADA
Fourth Choice DDB B Fourth Choice DDAB
C) D)
First Choice B B CC First Choice B B CC
Second Choice A C A D Second Choice A C B D
Third Choice CADA Third Choice CADA
Fourth Choice DDB B Fourth Choice DDAB
Answer: C
1
3) Ten voters are asked to rank 3 brands of shoes: A, B, and C. The ten voters turn in the following ballots showing
their preferences in order:
CBA BCA CBA
BCA BAC BCA
BAC CBA
CBA BCA
A) B)
Number of Votes 2 4 4 Number of Votes 2 3 4 1
First Choice B B C First Choice B B CC
Second Choice A C B Second Choice A C B A
Third Choice CAA Third Choice CAAB
C) D)
Number of Votes 2 4 4 Number of Votes 2 3 3 2
First Choice B B C First Choice B B CC
Second Choice A C A Second Choice A C B A
Third Choice CAB Third Choice CAAB
Answer: A
4) Ten voters are asked to rank 4 brands of cell phones: A, B, C, and D. The ten voters turn in the following ballots
showing their preferences in order:
ABDC ABCD BACD
BCAD BACD ABCD
BACD BCAD
BCAD BADC
A) B)
Number of Votes 2 2 2 1 3 Number of Votes 2 1 3 1 3
First Choice AAB B B First Choice AAB B B
Second Choice B B A A C Second Choice B C A A C
Third Choice CDCDA Third Choice CB CDA
Fourth Choice DCDCD Fourth Choice DDDCD
C) D)
Number of Votes 2 2 2 1 3 Number of Votes 2 1 3 1 3
First Choice AAB B B First Choice AAB B B
Second Choice B C A A C Second Choice B B A A C
Third Choice CB CDA Third Choice CDCDA
Fourth Choice DDDCD Fourth Choice DCDCD
Answer: D
5) For the following preference table:
Number of Votes 20 7 4
First Choice A B C
Second Choice B C B
Third Choice C A A
a. How many voters participated in the election?

b. How many votes are needed for a majority?
c. How many 1st place votes did candidate B receive?
A) a. 31, b. 16, c. 7 B) a. 31, b. 15, c. 11 C) a. 30, b. 16, c. 4 D) a. 30, b. 15 , c. 7
Answer: A
2
6) Students in several classes are asked to rank their choices for days to come to campus to make presentations as a
final project. There are three days where a big enough venue is available for each of the classes, Monday (M),
Tuesday (T) and Friday (F). The results are shown in the following preference table.
Number of Votes 120 65 40 15

First Choice F F T M
Second Choice T M F T
Third Choice M T M F
a. How many students voted?

b. How many students selected the days in the order M, T, F?
c. How many students selected Friday as their first choice for a presentation day?
d. How many students selected Tuesday as their first choice for a presentation day?
A) a. 240, b. 15, c. 185, d. 40 B) a. 240, b. 40, c. 120, d. 40
C) a. 240, b. 40, c. 185, d. 15 D) a. 240, b. 15, c. 65, d. 15
Answer: A
7) The drama classes are asked to rank the plays they want to perform in the following year. The choices are
Comedy (C), Drama (D), Mystery (M) or Shakespeare (S). The votes are summarized in the following preference
table:
Number of Votes 11 20 12 9 3 8
First Choice C D C M M S
Second Choice M M S D S C
Third Choice S S D S C M
Fourth Choice D C M C D D
a. How many students voted?

b. How many students selected Mystery (M) as their first choice?
c. How many students selected Comedy (C) as their fourth choice?
A) a. 63, b. 3, c. 23 B) a. 60, b. 9, c. 20 C) a. 63, b. 12, c. 29 D) a. 60, b. 12, c. 29
Answer: C
Use the preference table to answer the question.

8) Diners at the Taste of Paris restaurant answer a questionnaire about their favorite course in a French meal. The
choices are: Appetizer (A), Entree (E), and Dessert (D). Their votes are summarized in the following table.
First choice A D A D
Second choice E A D E
Third choice D E E A
Which course is selected as the most favorite using the plurality method?
A) Entree B) Dessert C) Appetizer
Answer: C
3
9) Four students are running for president of their class: Debra (D), Farah (F), Jorge (J), and Hillary (H). The votes
of their fellow students are summarized in the following preference table.
Number of Votes 51 45 16 5 5
First choice H F J F H
Second choice F J F J J
Third choice D H H D D
Fourth choice J D D H F
Who is declared the new president using the plurality method?

A) Farah B) Debra C) Hillary D) Jorge
Answer: C
10) Computer Specialists is planning a group vacation to one of the following locations: Alaska (A), Florida (F), San
Antonio (S), or Hawaii (H). The employees rank the four possible sites according to the following preference
table.
Number of Votes 5 7 4 7 5 6 8
First A H F A A H F
Second H S S F H F S
Third F A H S S S A
Fourth S F A H F A H
Determine the winner using the plurality method.

A) Florida B) Hawaii C) Alaska D) San Antonio
Answer: C
11) A condominium association is holding an election for president of the board of directors. Each member ranks
the candidates from first to fourth. The preference table below shows the results of the ballots with candidates
Abbott(A), Blake (B), Cleary (C), and Downs (D).
Number of Votes 3 7 5 8 7 4 6 6 4
First AB AA CB DC C
Second CA B C DD B B A
Third B C CD AA AD D
Fourth DD DB B C CA B
Determine the winner using the plurality method.

A) Blake B) Cleary C) Downs D) Abbott
Answer: B
4
12) Four students are running for president of their dormitory: Debra (D), Farah (F), Jorge (J), and Hillary (H). The
votes of their fellow students are summarized in the following preference table.
First choice D F J F H
Third choice H H H D D
Who is declared the new president using the Borda count method?
A) Jorge B) Hillary C) Farah D) Debra
Answer: C
table.
First A H F A A H F
Third F A H S S S A
Determine the winner using the Borda count method.

A) Hawaii B) San Antonio C) Florida D) Alaska
Answer: C
14) A condominium association is holding an election for president of the board of directors. Each member ranks
the candidates from first to fourth. The preference table below shows the results of the ballots with candidates
Abbott(A), Blake (B), Cleary (C), and Downs (D).
Number of Votes 3 7 5 8 7 4 6 6 4
First AB AA CB DC C
Second CA B C DD B B A
Third B C CD AA AD D
Fourth DD DB B C CA B
Determine the winner using the Borda count method.

A) Blake B) Cleary C) Abbott D) Downs
Answer: C
15) Diners at the Taste of Paris restaurant answer a questionnaire about their favorite course in a French meal. The
First choice A D A D
Second choice E A D E
Which course is selected as the most favorite using the plurality-with-elimination method?
A) Entree B) Dessert C) Appetizer
Answer: C
5
16) Four students are running for president of their graduating class: Debra (D), Farah (F), Jorge (J), and Hillary (H).
The votes of their fellow students are summarized in the following preference table.
First choice J F J F H
Second choice D J F J J
Third choice F H H D D
Fourth choice H D D H F
Who is declared the new president using the plurality-with-elimination method?

A) Jorge B) Farah C) Debra D) Hillary
Answer: A
table.
First A H F A A H F
Third F A H S S S A
Determine the winner using the plurality-with-elimination method.

A) San Antonio B) Hawaii C) Alaska D) Florida
Answer: C
18) Diners at the Rive Gauche restaurant answer a questionnaire about their favorite course in a French meal. The
First choice E D A D
Second choice A A D E
Which course is selected as the most favorite using the pairwise comparison method?
A) Tie between Appetier and Dessert
B) Tie between Entree and Dessert
C) Tie between Appetizer and Entree
D) Appetizer, Entree, and Dessert in a three-way tie
Answer: D
6
19) Four students are running for president of their dormitory: Debra (D), Farah (F), Jorge (J), and Hillary (H). The
votes of their fellow students are summarized in the following preference table.
First choice D F J F H
Third choice H H H D D
Who is declared the new president using the pairwise comparison method?
A) Hillary B) Farah C) Debra D) Jorge
Answer: B
table.
First A H F A A H F
Third F A H S S S A
Determine the winner using the pairwise comparison method.

A) Alaska & Hawaii (tie) B) Florida & Hawaii (tie)
C) Alaska & Florida (tie) D) Alaska
Answer: A

21) A group needs to make a decision on what kind of food to have at an upcoming event. The choices are Pizza
(P), Burgers (B) and Sandwiches (S). The winning choice will be determined by the Borda count method. The
preference table for the vote is shown.
First Choice P B S
Second Choice B S B
Third Choice S P P
a. Which choice has the majority of first place votes?

b. Using the Borda count method, which choice wins?
c. Is the majority criterion satisfied?
A) a. Pizza, b. Sandwiches, c. No B) a. None, b. Burgers, c. Yes
C) a. Burgers, b. Burgers, c. No D) a. None, b. Pizza, c. Yes
Answer: B
7
22) A service club needs to elect a new president. There are three candidates, A, B, and C. The winning candidate
will be determined by the Borda count method.
First Choice A B C
Second Choice B C B
Third Choice C A A
a. Which candidate has the majority of first place votes?

b. Using the Borda count method, which candidate wins?
A) a. candidate B, b. candidate B, c..Yes B) a. candidate C, b. candidate B, c. No
C) a. None, b. candidate B, c. Yes D) a. None, b. candidate A, c. No
Answer: C
23) An office supply company is electing a president for their board of directors. Four candidates are running for
the position: Michael (M), Dwight (D), Pam (P) and Jim (J). The winning candidate will be determined by the
Borda count method. The preference table for the election is shown.

First Choice M J J P
Second Choice P P P M
Third Choice D D M D
Fourth Choice J M D J
a. Which candidate has the majority of first-place votes?

b. Using the Borda count method, which candidate wins?
A) a. Michael, b. Jim, c. No B) a. Michael, b. Pam, c. No
C) a. Jim, b. Dwight, c. Yes D) a. Pam, b. Pam, c. Yes
Answer: B
Use the preference table to answer the question.

24) The preference table shows the results of an election among three candidates, A, B, and
Number of votes 10 4 2
First choice A B C
Second choice B C B
Third choice C A A
a. Using the plurality method, who is the winner?

b. Is the Condorcet criterion satisfied?
A) candidate A; yes B) candidate C; yes C) candidate B; yes D) candidate A; no
Answer: A
8
25) A town votes on three different options, A, B and C, for placement of a statue within the town. The winner is to
be determined by the Borda count method. The preference table for the election is shown.

First Choice A C B C B
Second Choice C B A A C
Third Choice B A C B A
a. Which option is favored over all others using pairwise comparisons?

b. Which option wins the vote using the Borda count method?
c. Is the Condorcet criterion satisfied?
A) a. candidate A, b. candidate B, c. Yes B) a. candidate C, b. candidate B, c. No
C) a. candidate A, b. candidate C, c. No D) a. candidate C, b. candidate C, c. Yes
Answer: C
26) Students in several classes are asked to rank their choices for days to come to campus to make presentations as a
final project. There are three days where a big enough venue is available for each of the classes, Monday (M),
Tuesday (T) and Friday (F). The results are shown in the following preference table.

First Choice F F T M
Second Choice T M F T
Third Choice M T M F
a. Which option is favored over all others using pairwise comparisons?

b. Which option wins the vote using the Borda count method?
c. Is the Condorcet criterion satisfied?
A) a. Friday, b. Tuesday, c. Yes B) a. Tuesday, b. Tuesday, c. No
C) a. Tuesday, b. Monday, c. No D) a. Friday, b. Friday, c. Yes
Answer: D
27) The preference table shows the results of a straw vote among three candidates, A, B, and C.
First choice A B C
Second choice B C B
Third choice C A A
(a) Using the plurality-with-elimination method, which candidate wins the straw vote?
(b) In the actual election, the 3 voters in the last column who voted C, B, and A, in that order, change their votes
to A, B, C. Using plurality-with-elimination method, which candidate wins the actual election.
(c) Is the monotonicity criterion satisfied?
A) B; B; yes B) C; A; no C) A; A; yes D) B; A; no
Answer: D
9
28) The Mathematics Department is holding an election for department chair. Each member ranks the candidates
from first to third. The preference table below shows the results of the ballots with candidates Clark (C), Jones
(J), and Smith (S).
First J S J C
Second S J CS
Third CC S J
A second election is then held resulting in the following preference table:
First J S J C
Second S J CS
Third CC S J
If the plurality-with-elimination method is used to determine the winner, is the montonicity criterion satisfied?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
29) The preference table shows the results of an election among three candidates, A, B, and C.
First choice C B A
Second choice A A B
Third choice B C C
(a) Using the plurality method, who is the winner?

(b) The voters in the two columns on the right move their last-place candidates from last place to first place.
Construct a new preference table for the election. Using the table and the plurality method, who is the winner?
(c) Suppose that candidate A drops out of the new table, but the winner is still chosen by the plurality method.
Is the independence-of-irrelevant-alternatives criterion satisfied?
A) A; A; yes B) A; C; yes C) C; C; yes D) C; A; yes
Answer: C
30) The Mathematics Department is holding an election for department chair. Each member ranks the candidates
from first to third. The preference table below shows the results of the ballots with candidates Clark (C), Jones
(J), and Smith (S).
First J S J C
Second S J CS
Third CC S J
If the Borda count method is used to determine the winner and Clark drops out, is the
independence-of-irrelevant-alternatives criterion satisfied?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
10
Solve the problem.
31) A country is made up of four regions A, B, C, and D. The population of each region, in thousands, is given in the
following table.
Region A B C D Total
Population 364 261 298 237 1160
(in thousands)
According to the country's constitution, the congress will have 20 seats, divided among the four regions
according to their respective populations.
(a) Find the standard divisor , in thousands.

(b) How many people are there for each seat in the congress?
A) 20; 20,000 B) 58; 58,000 C) 57; 57,000 D) 60; 60,000
Answer: B
32) A country is made up of four regions A, B, C, and D. The population of each region, in thousands, is given in the
following table.
Region A B C D Total
Population 512 630 483 615 2240
(in thousands)
According to the country's constitution, the congress will have 40 seats, divided among the four regions
according to their respective populations. Find the standard quota for each region. Round to the nearest
hundredth.
A) A, 9.14; B, 11.25; C, 6.23; D, 10.98 B) A, 9.14; B, 11.25; C, 8.63; D, 10.98
C) A, 9.14; B, 11.82; C, 8.63; D, 10.98 D) A, 9.14; B, 11.25; C, 8.63; D, 5.31
Answer: B
11
33) A small country consists of four states. The population of each state is shown in the table below. The total
number of seats in the legislature is 100.
State A B C D Total
Population 67,200 78,300 73,800 80,700 300,000
Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

A) State A B C D
Population 67,200 78,300 73,800 80,700
Apportionment 22 26 24 26
B) State A B C D
Population 67,200 78,300 73,800 80,700
C) State A B C D
Population 67,200 78,300 73,800 80,700
D) State A B C D
Population 67,200 78,300 73,800 80,700
Answer: B
34) A small country consists of four states. The population of each state is shown in the table below. The total
number of seats in the legislature is 100.
State A B C D Total
Population 44,800 52,200 49,200 53,800 200,000

A) State A B C D
Population 44,800 52,200 49,200 53,800
B) State A B C D
Population 44,800 52,200 49,200 53,800
C) State A B C D
Population 44,800 52,200 49,200 53,800
D) State A B C D
Population 44,800 52,200 49,200 53,800
Answer: B
12
35) The following question refers to a country with five states. There are 250 seats in the legislature, and the
populations of the states are given in the table below.
State A B C D E Total
Population (in thousands) 250 875 4700 3825 350 10000

A) State A B C D E
Population (in thousands) 250 875 4700 3825 350
Apportionment 6 22 118 96 8
B) State A B C D E
C) State A B C D E
D) State A B C D E
Answer: B
36) The following question refers to a country with five states. There are 240 seats in the legislature, and the
State A B C D E Total

A) State A B C D E
B) State A B C D E
C) State A B C D E
D) State A B C D E
Answer: D
13
37) The following question refers to a country with six states. There are 250 seats in the legislature, and the
State A B C D E F Total
Population (in thousands) 1456 6733 557 2081 685 988 12500

A) State A B C D E F
Apportionment 29 133 12 42 14 20
B) State A B C D E F
C) State A B C D E F
D) State A B C D E F
Answer: B
14
38) An organization helping to provide meals to city shelters for the homeless has a membership of 60 volunteers.
They are assigned among the four city areas A, B, C, and D in proportion to the number of people fed in the
respective areas. The numbers of people fed at the city shelters in each city area are shown in the following
table.
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Use Jefferson's method to extend the table and apportion the 60 volunteers among the city areas.
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Number of volunteers ___ ___ ___ ___
A)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Number of volunteers 14 16 19 11
B)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
C)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
D)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Answer: D
39) A small country consists of seven states; there are 160 seats in the legislature that need to be apportioned among
the seven states; and the population of each state is shown in the table.
State A B C D E F G
Population 1283 2374 2725 2155 1592 2511 2017
Find the apportionment for state D using Jefferson's method.

A) 23 B) 24 C) 26 D) 25
Answer: B
40) A small country consists of 7 provinces with the following populations:
Province A B C D E F G
Population 25,312 19,734 33,407 29,591 13,288 22,751 31,992
There are 300 federal judges to be apportioned according to the population of each province. Find the
apportionment for province G using Jefferson's method.
A) 53 B) 56 C) 55 D) 54
Answer: C
15
41) An organization helping to provide meals to city shelters for the homeless has a membership of 60 volunteers.
They are assigned among the four city areas A, B, C, and D in proportion to the number of people fed in the
respective areas. The numbers of people fed at the city shelters in each city area are shown in the following
table.
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Use Webster's method to extend the table and apportion the 60 volunteers among the city areas.
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Number of volunteers ___ ___ ___ ___
A)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
B)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
C)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
D)
City area A B C D
Number fed 1760 2340 2420 1580
Answer: D
State A B C D E F G
Population 1283 2374 2725 2155 1592 2511 2017
Find the apportionment for state D using Webster's method.

A) 24 B) 26 C) 23 D) 25
Answer: A
Population 25,312 19,734 33,407 29,591 13,288 22,751 31,992
There are 300 federal judges to be apportioned according to the population of each province. Find the
apportionment for province G using Webster's method.
A) 55 B) 56 C) 54 D) 53
Answer: C
16
44) A small city has 50 police officers to be apportioned among 8 precincts based on the population of each
precinct. The populations are given in the following table.
Precinct 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Population 2115 3659 3117 1883 4912 4027 2776 3174
Find the apportionment for the Seventh Precinct using Webster's method.
A) 4 B) 7 C) 6 D) 5
Answer: D
45) A country consists of six states, with the state's populations given in the following table. The number of seats to
be apportioned is M = 100. Find the apportionment under the Huntington-Hill method.
State A B C D E F Total
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898 1,000,000
A) State A B C D E F
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898
B) State A B C D E F
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898
C) State A B C D E F
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898
D) State A B C D E F
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898
E) State A B C D E F
Population 321,980 204,950 189,670 133,800 53,702 95,898
Answer: E
17
46) A biologist has 70 tags to apportion among three different animal populations. The populations of each are in
the table. Find the apportionment under the Huntington-Hill method.
Animal A B C Total
Population 5985 7235 11,080 24,300
A) Animal A B C
Population 5985 7235 11,080
Apportionment 17 20 33
B) Animal A B C
Population 5985 7235 11,080
C) Animal A B C
Population 5985 7235 11,080
D) Animal A B C
Population 5985 7235 11,080
Answer: C

State A B C D E F G
Population 1283 2374 2725 2155 1592 2511 2017
Does the Alabama paradox occur using Hamilton's method if the number of seats is increased from 160 to 161?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
Population 25,312 19,734 33,407 29,591 13,288 22,751 31,992
There are 300 federal judges to be apportioned according to the population of each province. Does the Alabama
paradox occur using Hamilton's method if the number of judges is increased from 300 to 301?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
18
49) A city has 204 police officers to be apportioned among 4 precincts based on the population of each precinct. The
populations are given in the following table.
Precinct 1 2 3 4
Population 3462 7470 4265 5300
Does the Alabama paradox occur using Hamilton's method if the number of police officers is increased from
204 to 205?
A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
the seven states; and the population of each state is shown below for the years 2010 and 2015.
State A B C D E F G
2010 Population 1283 2374 2725 2155 1592 2511 2017
2015 Population 1347 2469 2847 2220 1640 2611 2078
Does the population paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
51) In a small country consisting of 5 provinces, 300 federal judges are apportioned according to the population of
each province. The population of each province is shown for the years 2010 and 2015.
Province A B C D E
2010 Population 25,312 8,911 11,451 33,611 15,932
2015 Population 26,011 9,732 12,678 35,977 17,311

A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
52) A town has 13 police officers to be apportioned among 3 precincts based on the population of each precinct.
The populations for the years 2015 and 2016 are given in the following table.
Precinct 1 2 3
2015 Population 930 738 415
2016 Population 975 750 421

A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
19
53) A country with two states has 16 seats in the legislature. The population of each state is given by:
State A B Total
Population 86,342 77,312 163,654
A third state is added with 5 additional seats as shown below.
State A B C Total
Population 86,342 77,312 53,792 217,446
Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

A) Yes B) No
Answer: B
54) A country with two states has 16 seats in the legislature. The population of each state (in thousands) is given by:
State A B Total
Population 134 52 186
State A B C Total
Population 134 52 38 224

A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
55) A country with two states has 75 seats in the legislature. The population of each state (in thousands) is given by:
State A B Total
Population 3184 8475 11659
State A B C Total
Population 3184 8475 330 11989

A) Yes B) No
Answer: A
20
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TO ROAST SIRLOIN, OR RIBS OF BEEF.
Let the joint hang as long as it can possibly be kept perfectly

sweet. When it is first brought in, remove the pipe of marrow which
runs along the back-bone; and cut out the kernels from the fat. Be
very careful in summer to guard it from flies; examine it frequently in
warm or damp weather; and scrape off with a knife, or wipe away
with a dry cloth, any moisture which may appear on the surface:
when this has been done, dust some powdered ginger or pepper
over it. Unless the joint should be very large, its appearance will be
improved by taking off the ends of the bones, which may then be
salted for a few days, and afterwards boiled. Spit the beef firmly;
place it near the fire to render the surface firm, as directed in the
article Roasting, of Chapter IX.; then draw it to a distance and let it
remain so until the heat has well penetrated the interior; and, if from
prejudice the old method be still preferred, heat it very gradually in
the first instance (in either case baste it constantly), and let it be
drawn nearer to the fire for the last half hour or more of roasting,
merely to brown it well. Persons who object to meat being frothed for
table, have it dredged with flour when it is first placed at the fire, and
sprinkled with fine salt when it is nearly done. It is not necessary to
paper the fat of beef, as many cooks direct, if proper attention be
given to it while roasting.
As a general rule, it may be observed, that when the steam from
the meat draws strongly towards the fire, it is nearly or quite ready to
serve. The time required to roast it will depend on the state of the
weather,[75] the size and strength of the fire, the thickness of the
joint, the use or non-use of a meat-screen or reflector, the general
temperature of the kitchen, and other contingencies. A quarter of an
hour for each pound of meat is commonly allowed for solid, heavy
joints, and, if the directions we have given be attended to, this will
not be found too much even for persons who prefer beef somewhat
rare: it must be left longer at the fire if wished very thoroughly
roasted, and quite double the usual time when the plan we have
noticed at page 172, is adopted. When likely to be sent to table
hashed, minced, or dressed a second time in any way, the juices of
the meat should be dried up as little as possible when it is first
cooked.
75. The meat will be much sooner done in hot weather than in cold. If frozen, it
must be thawed very gradually before it is put to the fire, or no length of time
will roast it; this will be effected better by laying it into cold water for some
hours before it is wanted, than by any other means.
ROAST RUMP OF BEEF.
As this joint is generally too much to serve whole, as much of it as

will form a handsome dish should be cut from the chump end to
roast. It must be managed as the sirloin, to which it is commonly
preferred by connoisseurs. When boned and rolled into the form of a
fillet of veal, as it sometimes is, nearly or quite an additional hour
should be allowed to dress it.
TO ROAST PART OF A ROUND OF BEEF.
The natural division of the meat will show where the silver side of
the round is to be separated from the upper or tongue side, which is
the proper part for roasting, and which will be found equally good
and profitable for the purpose, if allowed to hang as long as it can be
kept sweet before it is dressed. Care should be taken in dividing the
meat, not to pierce the inner skin. The silver side, with the udder, if
there should be one to the joint, may be pickled, spiced, or simply
salted, and will be excellent either way. The outside fat should be
drawn tightly round the remainder of the beef, which must be firmly
skewered, or bound with tape, to keep it in form. It will require long
roasting at a strong, steady fire, and should be kept constantly
basted.
Beef, 14 lbs.: 4-1/2 to 5 hours.
Obs.—We think that larding the beef quite through with large
lardoons of firm fat, of udder, or of bacon, would be an improvement;
and we ought also to observe, that unless it be delicate and of fine
quality, it will not answer well for roasting.
TO ROAST A FILLET OF BEEF.
Raise the fillet from the inside of the sirloin, or from part of it, with
a sharp knife; leave the fat on, trim off the skin, lard it through, or all
over, or roast it quite plain; baste it with butter, and send it very hot to
table, with tomata sauce, or sauce piquante, or eschalot sauce, in a
tureen. It is sometimes served with brown gravy and currant jelly; it
should then be garnished with forcemeat-balls, made as for hare. If
not very large, an hour and a quarter will roast it well with a brisk fire.
Obs.—The remainder of the joint may be boned, rolled, and
roasted, or braised; or made into meat cakes; or served as a
miniature round of beef.
1-1/4 hour.
ROAST BEEF STEAK.
If extremely tender, a large slice from the middle of the rump will
make an excellent small dish of roast meat, when a joint is not easily
to be procured. Let it be smoothly cut, from an inch to an inch and a
half thick, flattened on a table, and the inside sprinkled with a little
fine salt and cayenne, or common pepper. Make a roll of forcemeat,
as No. 1, Chapter VIII., adding, at pleasure, a flavouring of minced
onion or eschalot, and increasing the quantity of spices; place this on
one end of the steak, and roll it up tightly in it; skewer and bind the
meat so that the forcemeat cannot escape; fasten a buttered paper
over it, and roast it an hour and a half, or more, according to its size.
Twenty minutes before it is served, take off the paper and flour the
meat, which should be kept well basted with butter all the time it is
roasting. Send brown gravy to table with it, and pour a little over the
beef.
1-1/2 hour, or more.
TO BROIL BEEF STEAKS.
The steaks should be from half to three quarters of an inch thick,

equally sliced, and freshly cut from the middle of a well kept, finely
grained, and tender rump of beef. They should be neatly trimmed,
and once or twice divided, if very large. The fire, as we have already
said in the general directions for broiling (page 175), must be strong
and clear. The bars of the gridiron should be thin, and not very close
together. When they are thoroughly heated, without being sufficiently
burning to scorch the meat, wipe and rub them with fresh mutton
suet; next pepper the steaks slightly, but never season them with salt
before they are dressed; lay them on the gridiron, and when done on
one side, turn them on the other, being careful to catch, in the dish in
which they are to be sent to table, any gravy which may threaten to
drain from them when they are moved. Let them be served the
instant they are taken from the fire; and have ready at the moment,
dish, cover, and plates, as hot as they can be. From eight to ten
minutes will be sufficient to broil steaks for the generality of eaters,
and more than enough for those who like them but partially done.
Genuine amateurs seldom take prepared sauce or gravy with their
steaks, as they consider the natural juices of the meat sufficient.
When any accompaniment to them is desired, a small quantity of
choice mushroom catsup may be warmed in the dish that is heated
to receive them; and which, when the not very refined flavour of a
raw eschalot is liked, as it is by some eaters, may previously be
rubbed with one, of which the large end has been cut off. A thin slice
or two of fresh butter is sometimes laid under the steaks, where it
soon melts and mingles with the gravy which flows from them. The
appropriate tureen sauces for broiled beef steaks are onion, tomata,
oyster, eschalot, hot horseradish, and brown cucumber, or
mushroom sauce.
Obs. 1.—We have departed a little in this receipt from our previous
instructions for broiling, by recommending that the steaks should be
turned but once, instead of “often,” as all great authorities on the
subject direct. By trying each method, our readers will be able to
decide for themselves upon the preferable one: we can only say, that
we have never eaten steaks so excellent as those which have been
dressed exactly in accordance with the receipt we have just given,
and we have taken infinite pains to ascertain the really best mode of
preparing this very favourite English dish, which so constantly makes
its appearance both carelessly cooked and ill served, especially at
private tables.
Obs. 2.—It is a good plan to throw a few bits of charcoal on the fire
some minutes before the steaks are laid down, as they give forth a
strong heat without any smoke: a coke fire is also advantageous for
broiling them.
The upright gridirons, by which meat is rather toasted than broiled,
though used in many kitchens, and generally pronounced
exceedingly convenient where they have been tried, do not appear
to as so well adapted for dressing steaks as those of less modern
fashion, which are placed over, instead of before the fire.
BEEF STEAKS À LA FRANÇAISE.
The inside of the sirloin freed from skin and cut evenly into round
quarter-inch slices, should properly be used for these; but when it
cannot be obtained, part of the rump must be substituted for it.
Season the steaks with fine salt and pepper, brush them with a little
clarified butter, and broil them over a clear brisk fire. Mix a
teaspoonful of parsley minced extremely fine, with a large slice of
fresh butter, a little cayenne, and a small quantity of salt. When the
steaks are done, put the mixture into the dish intended for them, lay
them upon it, and garnish them plentifully with fried potatoes. It is an
improvement to squeeze the juice of half a lemon on the butter
before the meat is heaped over it. The potatoes should be sliced
rather thin, coloured of a fine brown, and placed evenly round the
meat.
BEEF STEAKS À LA FRANÇAISE (ENTRÉE).
(Another Receipt.)
Cut the beef into small thin steaks as above, season them with
fine salt and pepper, dredge them lightly with flour, and fry them in
butter over a brisk fire; arrange them in a chain round a very hot
dish, and pour into the centre the olive sauce of Chapter V.
STEWED BEEF STEAK (ENTRÉE).
This may be cut from one to two inches thick, and the time of
stewing it must be proportioned to its size. Dissolve a slice of butter
in a large saucepan or stewpan, and brown the steak on both sides,
moving it often that it may not burn; then shake in a little flour, and
when it is coloured pour in by degrees rather more than sufficient
broth or water to cover the meat. When it boils, season it with salt,
take off the scum, slice in one onion, a carrot or two, and half a
turnip; add a small bunch of sweet herbs, and stew the steak very
softly from two hours and a half to three hours. A quarter of an hour
before it is served, stir well into the gravy three teaspoonsful of rice
flour smoothly mixed with a little cayenne, half a wineglassful of
mushroom catsup, and a slight seasoning of spice. A teaspoonful of
currie powder, in addition, will improve both the flavour and the
appearance of the sauce. The onion is sometimes browned with the
meat; and the quantity is considerably increased. Eschalots may be
used instead, where their strong flavour is approved. A few button-
mushrooms, stewed from twenty to thirty minutes with the meat, will
render the catsup unnecessary. Wine, or any favourite store sauce,
can be added at will.
2-1/2 to 3 hours.
FRIED BEEF STEAK.
We have little to add here to the directions of Chapter IX., which

are sufficient to enable the cook to send a dish of fried steaks to
table properly dressed. Currie sauce, highly onioned, is frequently
served with them.
BEEF STEAK STEWED IN ITS OWN GRAVY.
(Good and wholesome.)

Trim all the fat and skin from a rump steak of nearly an inch thick,
and divide it once or twice; just dip it into cold water, let it drain for an
instant, sprinkle it on both sides with pepper, and then flour it rather
thickly; lay it quite flat into a well-tinned iron saucepan or stewpan,
which has been rinsed with cold water, of which three or four
tablespoonsful should be left in it. Place it over (not upon) a very
gentle fire, and keep it just simmering from an hour and a half to an
hour and three quarters, when, if the meat be good, it will have
become perfectly tender. Add salt to it when it first begins to boil, and
turn it when rather more than half done. A couple of spoonsful of
gravy, half as much catsup, and a slight seasoning of spice, would,
to many tastes, improve this dish, of which, however, the great
recommendation is its wholesome simplicity, which renders it
suitable to the most delicate stomach. A thick mutton cutlet from the
middle of the leg is excellent dressed thus.
1-1/2 to 1-3/4 hour.
BEEF OR MUTTON CAKE.
(Very good.)
Chop two pounds of lean and very tender beef or mutton, with
three quarters of a pound of beef suet; mix them well, and season
them with a dessertspoonful of salt, nearly as much pounded cloves,
a teaspoonful of pounded mace, and half a teaspoonful of cayenne.
Line a round baking dish with thin slices of fat bacon, press the meat
closely into it, smooth the top, and cover it with bacon, set a plate on
it with a weight, and bake it two hours and a quarter. Take off the
bacon, and serve the meat hot, with a little rich brown gravy, or set it
by until cold, when it will be equally good. The fat of the meat which
is used for this dish can be chopped up with it instead of suet, where
it is liked as well; and onion, or eschalot, shred fine, minced savoury
herbs, grated lemon-peel, rasped bacon, or mushrooms cut small,
may in turn be added to vary it in flavour.
Lean beef or mutton, 2 lbs.; suet, 3/4 lb.; salt and cloves in
powder, each a dessertspoonful; mace, 1 teaspoonful; half as much
cayenne: baked 2-1/4 hours.
Obs.—A larger portion of suet or of fat will render these cakes
lighter, but will not otherwise improve them: they may be made of
veal or of venison, but one-third of mutton suet or of fat bacon should
be mixed with this last.
GERMAN STEW.
Cut into about three-inch squares, two pounds and a half of the
leaner part of the veiny piece of beef, or of any joint which is likely to
be tender, and set it on to stew, with rather less than a quart of cold
broth or water, and one large onion sliced. When these begin to boil,
add a teaspoonful of salt, and a third as much of pepper, and let
them simmer gently for an hour and a half. Have ready some young
white cabbages, parboiled; press the water well from them, lay them
in with the beef, and let the whole stew for another hour. More
onions, and a seasoning of mixed spices, or a few bits of lean bacon,
or of ham, can be added to this stew when a higher flavour is
desired; but it is very good without.
Beef, 2-1/2 lbs.; water, or broth, 1-3/4 pint; onion, 1; salt, 1
teaspoonful; third as much pepper: 1-1/2 hour. Parboiled cabbages,
3 or 4: 1 hour.
WELSH STEW.
Take the same proportions of beef, and of broth or water, as for

the German Stew. When they have simmered gently for an hour, add
the white part of from twenty to thirty leeks, or two dozens of button
onions, and five or six young mild turnips, cut in slices, a small lump
of white sugar, nearly half a teaspoonful of white pepper and more
than twice as much salt. Stew the whole softly from an hour and a
quarter to an hour and a half, after the vegetables are added.
Beef and water as above: 1 hour. Leeks, 20 to 30: or small onions,
24; young turnips, 6; small lump of sugar; white pepper, nearly 1/2
teaspoonful; salt, twice as much: 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 hour.
A GOOD ENGLISH STEW.
On three pounds of tender rump of beef, freed from skin and fat,
and cut down into about two-inch squares, pour rather more than a
quart of cold broth or gravy. When it boils add salt if required, and a
little cayenne, and keep it just simmering for a couple of hours; then
put to it the grated rind of a large lemon, or of two small ones, and
half an hour after, stir to it a tablespoonful of rice-flour, smoothly
mixed with a wineglassful of mushroom catsup, a dessertspoonful of
lemon-juice, and a teaspoonful of soy: in fifteen minutes it will be
ready to serve. A glass and a half of port, or of white wine, will
greatly improve this stew, which may likewise be flavoured with the
store-sauce of page 146, or with another, which we find excellent for
the purpose, made with half a pint of port wine, the same of
mushroom-catsup, a quarter pint of walnut pickle, a tablespoonful of
the best soy, and a dessertspoonful of cayenne-vinegar, all well
shaken together and poured into a bottle containing the thin rind of a
lemon and two fine mellow anchovies, of moderate size. A few
delicately fried forcemeat-balls may be slipped into it after it is
dished.
Obs.—The limits of our work will not permit us to devote a further
space to this class of dishes, but an intelligent cook will find it easy to
vary them in numberless ways. Mushrooms, celery, carrots, sweet
herbs, parboiled new potatoes, green peas, rice, and currie-powder
may be advantageously used for that purpose. Ox-tails, just
blanched and cut into joints, will be found excellent substitutes for
the beef: mutton and veal also may be dressed in the same way. The
meat and vegetables can be browned before broth or water is
poured to them; but though, perhaps, more savoury, the stew will
then be much less delicate. Each kind of vegetable should be
allowed something more than sufficient time to render it perfectly
tender, but not so much as would reduce it to pulp.
TO STEW SHIN OF BEEF.
Wash, and set it on to stew in sufficient cold water to keep it just

covered until it is done. When it boils, take off the scum and put an
ounce and a quarter of salt to the gallon of water. It is usual to add a
few cloves and some black pepper, slightly bruised and tied up
loosely in a fold of muslin, two or more onions, a root of celery, a
bunch of savoury herbs, four or five carrots, and as many turnips,
either whole or sliced: if to be served with the meat, the two last will
require a little more than the ordinary time of boiling, but otherwise
they may be simmered with the meat from the beginning. Give the
beef from four to five hours’ gentle stewing; and serve it with part of
its own liquor thickened and flavoured, or quite plain. An excellent
dish for a family may be made by stewing the thick fleshy part of the
shin or leg, in stock made of the knuckle, with a few bits of lean ham,
or a slice of hung beef from which the smoked edges have been
carefully pared away, and some spice, salt, and vegetables: by frying
these last before they are thrown into the soup-pot the savour of the
stew will be greatly heightened; and a tureen of good soup may be
made of its remains, after it has been served at table.
Ox-cheek, after having been soaked for four or five hours, and
washed with great nicety, may be dressed like the shin; but as it has
little flavour, the gravy should be strained, and quite cleared from fat,
then put into a clean saucepan, and thickened as soon as it boils,
with the following mixture:—three dessertspoonsful of rice-flour,
nearly a wineglassful of catsup, a teaspoonsful of currie-powder, or a
little powdered ginger and cayenne. When these have stewed for ten
minutes, dish the head, pour the sauce over, and serve it.
Shin of beef, 4 to 5 hours. Ox-cheek, 2 to 3 hours.
FRENCH BEEF À LA MODE.
(A common Receipt.)
Take seven or eight pounds of a rump of beef (or of any other
tender joint), free from bone, and skewer it firmly into a good shape.
Put two ounces of butter into a thick saucepan or stewpan, and when
it boils stir to it a tablespoonful of flour; keep these well shaken over
a gentle fire until they are of a fine amber colour; then lay in the beef,
and brown it on both sides, taking care that it shall not stick to the
pan. Pour to it by slow degrees, letting each portion boil before the
next is added or the butter will float upon the surface and be difficult
to clear off afterwards, three quarters of a pint of hot water or gravy;
add a bunch of savoury herbs, one large or two small carrots cut in
thick slices, two or three moderate-sized onions, two bay-leaves, and
sufficient pepper and salt to season the gravy. Let the meat simmer
gently from four to five hours, and turn it when it is half done. When
ready to serve, lift the beef into a hot dish, lay the vegetables round,
and pour the gravy over it, after having taken out the herbs and
skimmed away the fat. In France, half or the whole of a calf’s foot is
stewed with the beef, which is there generally larded with thick
lardoons of fat bacon. (For larding, see Chapter X.) Veal dressed in
this way is even better than beef. The stewpan used for either should
be as nearly of the size of the meat as possible.
Beef, 7 to 8 lbs.: 4 to 5 hours.
STEWED SIRLOIN OF BEEF.
As a matter of convenience we have occasionally had this joint

stewed instead of roasted, and have found it excellent. Cut out the
inside or fillet as entire as possible, and reserve it for a separate
dish; then remove the bones with care, or let the butcher do this.
Spread the meat flat on a table and cover the inside with thin slices
of striped bacon, after having first strewed over it a mixed seasoning
of a small teaspoonful of salt, half as much mace or nutmeg, and a
moderate quantity of pepper or cayenne. Roll and bind the meat up
firmly, lay it into a stewpan or thick iron saucepan nearly of its size,
and add the bones and as much good beef broth as will nearly cover
the joint. Should this not be at hand, put a few slices of lean ham or
bacon under the beef, and lay round it three pounds of neck or
knuckle of veal, or of stewing beef divided into several parts; then
pour to it cold water instead of broth. In either case, so soon as it has
boiled a few minutes and been well cleaned from scum, throw in a
large faggot of savoury herbs, three or four carrots, as many leeks,
or a large onion stuck with a dozen cloves; and an hour later two
blades of mace, and half a teaspoonful of peppercorns. Stew the
beef very gently indeed from four to five hours, and longer, should
the joint be large: serve it with a good Espagnole sauce piquante, or
brown caper sauce. Add what salt may be needed before the
vegetables are thrown in; and, after the meat is lifted out, boil down
to soup or gravy the liquor in which it has been stewed. To many
tastes it would be an improvement to flour and brown the outside of
the beef in butter before the broth or water is poured to it: it may also
be stewed (but somewhat longer) half-covered with rich gravy, and
turned when partially done. Minced eschalots may be strewed over
the inside before it is rolled, when their strong savour is relished, or
veal forcemeat may supply their place.

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Edition Collins Test Bank

Provide an appropriate response.

5) For the following preference table:

a. How many voters participated in the election?

Number of Votes 120 65 40 15

a. How many students voted?

a. How many students voted?

Use the preference table to answer the question.

Who is declared the new president using the plurality method?

Determine the winner using the plurality method.

Determine the winner using the plurality method.

Determine the winner using the Borda count method.

Determine the winner using the Borda count method.

Who is declared the new president using the plurality-with-elimination method?

Determine the winner using the plurality-with-elimination method.

Determine the winner using the pairwise comparison method.

Provide an appropriate response.

a. Which choice has the majority of first place votes?

a. Which candidate has the majority of first place votes?

Number of Votes 250 100 85 55

a. Which candidate has the majority of first-place votes?

Use the preference table to answer the question.

a. Using the plurality method, who is the winner?

Number of Votes 208 114 57 57 57

a. Which option is favored over all others using pairwise comparisons?

Number of Votes 135 85 30 15

a. Which option is favored over all others using pairwise comparisons?

A second election is then held resulting in the following preference table:

(a) Using the plurality method, who is the winner?

(a) Find the standard divisor , in thousands.

Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

Find each state's apportionment under Hamilton's method.

Find the apportionment for state D using Jefferson's method.

40) A small country consists of 7 provinces with the following populations:

Find the apportionment for state D using Webster's method.

43) A small country consists of 7 provinces with the following populations:

Provide an appropriate response.

48) A small country consists of 7 provinces with the following populations:

Does the population paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

Does the population paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

Does the population paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

A third state is added with 5 additional seats as shown below.

Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

A third state is added with 3 additional seats as shown below.

Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

A third state is added with 2 additional seats as shown below.

Does the new-states paradox occur using Hamilton's method of apportionment?

Let the joint hang as long as it can possibly be kept perfectly

As this joint is generally too much to serve whole, as much of it as

The steaks should be from half to three quarters of an inch thick,

We have little to add here to the directions of Chapter IX., which

(Good and wholesome.)

Take the same proportions of beef, and of broth or water, as for

Wash, and set it on to stew in sufficient cold water to keep it just

As a matter of convenience we have occasionally had this joint

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