CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

I. DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- A system including all piping within the public or private premises that conveys sewage,
rainwater, or other liquid waste to a legal point of disposal.
- It does not include the mains of public sewer system, sewage treatment or disposal plant.
- Sometimes referred to as DWV which means:
o D – DRAINAGE; for drainage of Solid Waste
o W – WASTE; for waste coming from various fixtures other than the water closet
o V – VENT; refers to the ventilation of the piping system

II. DEFINITION OF TERMS

A. Soil Pipe – any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or with out the
discharge coming from other fixtures, to the Building Drains (House Drain) or Building Sewer
(House Sewer)
B. Soil Branch – a soil pipe installed horizontally with lateral or vertical connections that receives
the discharges of water closet with or without additional plumbing fixtures
C. Soil Stack – a vertical soil pipe
D. Building Drain – lowest part of a drainage system that receives the discharge from soil and
waste stacks inside the walls of a building and conveys it by gravity to the Building Sewer
E. Building Sewer – a drain connecting the building drain to a public sewer or private treatment
facility
- extends from the Building Drain at a point 0.60m from the outside face of the
foundation wall of a building
F. Main Sewer / Public Sewer – a common sewer directly controlled by public authorities where
all abutters have equal rights of connection
G. Waste Pipe – a pipe that conveys liquid waste from fixture that is free of fecal matter
H. Vent Pipe – used primarily for providing a flow or circulation of air with in the plumbing
system to protect trap seals siphoning and back pressure
I. Fixture Drain – the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other
drain pipe
J. Fixture Branch – a pipe connecting several fixtures
K. Stack – vertical main of a system of soil, waste, or vent pipe
L. Branch – any part of the piping system other than the riser or stack
M. Branch Interval – the length of a soil or water stack corresponding in general to a storey
height, but in no case less than 2.40 meters within which the horizontal branches from one
floor or storey of a building are connected to the stack
N. Trap – a fitting or device so designed as to provide when properly vented a liquid seal that will
prevent the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage through it.
O. Grade – the slope or fall of pipe in reference to a fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 1

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

III. SOIL PIPE

A. The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Provides:
1. That at least one of the vertical stacks in the plumbing system must extend full
size through the roof for the following purposes:
a) To ventilate and dispose off the sewer gas above the roof
b) To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by force of suction
c) To prevent the possibility of back pressure which may force the water
seal off the fixture trap
2. Any structure with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or
stack vent, extended full size above the roof not less than 30cm long and should
not be less than 75mm (3”) diameter or the size of the drain whichever is smaller.
3. As general rule, vent stack must be extended and terminate through roof of the
building. When the roof is to be used other than protection from the elements of
weather, the vent stack should be extended no less than 2.00 meters above the
roof.

B. The Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe Installation Provides that:

1. The soil pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls, or
partitions, installed prior to the construction of the building.
2. The entire installations in building such as the location of fixtures, thickness of the
partitions, location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout and
outlets and their relations with each other shall be considered in the pre-planning
stage prior to the rough-in work.
3. The soil branch that will directly receive the waste from the water closet shall be
short and direct as practicable.
4. Soil Pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak. Installation
workmanship shall be strictly in accordance with the standard practice of the
trade involved.
5. Soil Pipes not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall be anchored
rigidly by means of metal hangers.
6. That changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using
a) 1/4 Bend
b) Long Sweep 1/4 Bend
c) Two 1/8 Bend or
d) Combination of Wye and 1/8 Bend

C. General Conditions in Installing Soil Branch

1. The Soil Branch being concealed on floors, partitions or lowered ceiling should be
accessibly provided with sufficient number of cleanouts.
2. Cleanout should be installed wherever changes of soil branch directions are made.
3. Cleanout should be the same size in diameter as the soil branch.
4. Cleanout should be located at the farthest end of the branch away from the
vertical soil pipe.
5. The use of short radius fittings on soil branch when making a change of direction
such as short sanitary tee, 1/4 bend, and short elbow should be avoided.
6. A long radius fitting shall be used for a horizontal to horizontal, or vertical to
horizontal change of direction. In some instances, the use of short radius fitting is
only permitted on a horizontal to vertical change of direction.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 2

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

7. Soil Branch shall be graded properly and carefully aligned. Crooked joints should
not be allowed.
8. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation depends upon the Scouring or
Self-cleaning action for every discharge of waste. Soil Branch having a slope more
than 2% fall has the tendency of separating the solid waste from the liquid. Water
flows faster on high pitch leaving the suspended materials at the bottom of the
pipe. On the other hand, pipe with grade less than 2% is also susceptible to
stoppage due to retarded flow.

Scouring – to flush or wash out; to remove dirt or grease by flowing through

D.

General Conditions in Installing Soil

Branch
1. “No water closet shall
discharge into a drain less
than 75mm or 3 inches
diameter pipe.”
2. “Not more than two water
closets shall discharge into
any 75mm diameter
horizontal soil branch, house
sewer or house drain.”

E. Size of the Soil Pipe and Soil Branch

So far, there is no definite

mathematical formula ever formulated to determine the size of a Soile Pipe Required for a
particular installation. This is maybe because of the variable conditions relative to its
service.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 3

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

Fixture Units – quantity in terms of which the load producing effects in the plumbing
system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen
scale.

1 Fixture Units = 1 cubic foot or 30 liters of waste discharged by the fixture in one minute
interval
Table 5-1 FIXTURE UNIT VALUES
Kind of Fixture Fixture Unit
Bathtub 2
Floor Drain 1
Kitchen Sink 2
Residential Sink 1.5
Lavatory or Wash Basin 1
Laundry Tub 2
Shower Bath 2
Slop Sink 3
Sink, hotel or public 2
Urinal 5
Water Closet 6
Combination Fixture 3
One bathroom group consisting of
water closet, lavatory, bathtub, and
overhead shower or water closet,
lavatory, and shower compartment 8
For every 15 square foot roof drain 1

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 4

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

Table 5-2 SIZE OF HORIZONTAL FIXTURE BRANCH AND STACK

Maximum number of fixture units that may be connected to
Diameter of Pipe Stack with 3 or more Branches
One
Not over 3 Intervals
Horizontal
Branches In one Branch
mm in Branch Total in Stack
Interval
32 1¼ 1 2 1 2
38 1½ 3 4 2 8
50 2 6 10 6 24
63 2½ 12 20 9 42
75 3 20 30 20 60
100 4 160 240 90 500
125 5 360 540 200 1100
150 6 620 960 350 1900
200 8 1400 2200 600 3600
250 10 2500 3800 1000 5600
300 12 3800 6000 1500 8400

Sample Problem: What diameter of soil branch is appropriate to serve a battery of 3 water closets?
Solution:
 Find the total Fixture Units – 3 water closets X 6 units = 18 fixture units
 Refer to Table 5-2 – 75mm (3”) ø pipe could serve up to 20 fixture units, thus it could serve 18
units as computed
 National Plumbing Code on pipe size states that: “Not more than two water closets shall
discharge into any 75mm diameter horizontal soil branch, house sewer or house drain.”
 The Code must prevail.
 Use 100mm (4”) ø pipe for soil branch.

IV. WASTE PIPE

A. Waste Pipe and Other Fixtures
1. Direct Waste – one with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system
2. Indirect Waste – refers to a connection
with terminal not directly connected to the
plumbing system.

Air Gap – unobstructed vertical

distance throught the free atmosphere
between the lowest opening from any
pipe or faucet and the flood level rim of the
receptacle
B. Recommended Size of Waste Pipe (Fixture
Drain)
1. Sink Waste – minimum size is 38mm (1 ½”), by practice is 50mm (2”)
2. Slop Sink – tapped either on floor or wall
- 75mm or 100mm for floors
- 50mm for walls

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 5

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

3. Scullery Sink 50mm

4. Pantry Sink 38mm
5. Factory wash up sink 50mm
6. Bathtub 38mm to 50mm
7. Lavatories 50mm
8. Shower Bath 50mm
9. Urinal 50mm
10. Laundry Tub 38mm to 50mm
11. Drinking Fountain 32mm
12. Lavatory Waste 50mm
13. Hospital Fixtures 50mm

C. Conservative Use of Fittings

Conservative use of fittings refers to the right choice of the right kind of fittings for a
particular change of directions, turns, or offsets.

Short cuts that will not allow smooth passage of waste should be avoided.

Recommendations:
1. Do not use short radius fittings on a vertical to horizontal directions or horizontal
to horizontal changes.
2. Use long sweep fittings on horizontal changes
3. For vertical to horizontal direction changes, the Wye and 45° fittings are most
appropriate.
4. The Tee fittings was designed for vertical run with lateral branches only. Its use
on horizontal installation will create a tilted or crooked joint connection called
“Premature Waste Line Defects.”

D. Location of Cleanout
o ample number of cleanouts, strategically located, to be opened in case of
pipeline trouble
o must be indicated in plan
o size equal to the diameter of the waste pipe where it should be connected

E. Right Slope or Grade of Waste Pipe

o 2% slope or 2 centimeters per meter length
o Trap Seal Loss occurs when the grade or slope of the pipe is increased from 2%
to 4%

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 6

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

Trap Seal Loss – loss or escape of standing water inside the P-Trap; usually
caused by siphonage induced by rapid flow of water inside the pipe; Water Seal
Escape

F. Determining the Size of Waste Pipe

Sample Problem: Determine the size of a horizontal waste pipe to serve 5 urinals, 3 lavatories, 8
showers, and 2 slop sinks.
Solution:
 Find the total Fixture Units
5 Urinals X 5 Units 25 Fixture Units
3 Lavatories X 1 Unit 3 Fixture Units
8 Showers X 2 Units 16 Fixture Units
2 Slop Sink X 3 Units 6 Fixture Units
Total 50 Units
 Refer to Table 5-2 – 50 Fixture Units could be served by a 100mm or 4” ø Pipe.

V. CLEANOUT
o Cleanouts maybe omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.5 meter in length unless
such line is serving sinks or urinals.
o Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal.
 Run of piping which is more than 15 meters in total developed length shall be
provided with a cleanout and at every 15 meters length or a fraction thereof.

o Two-way cleanout fitting installed inside the wall near the connection between the
building drain and building sewer or outside of the building drain and extended to
grade, maybe substituted for an upper terminal cleanout.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 7

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

o Additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset

angle of direction exceeding 135 degrees.

o Each cleanout shall be installed so it opens in the direction of flow to allow cleaning of the
soil or waste line or at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wye branch and end-
of-line cleanouts, shall be installed vertically above the flow line of the pipe.
o 90 degrees cleanout extension shall be extended from a wye type fitting or other
approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
o Each cleanout for all interceptor shall be outside of such interceptor.
o Each cleanout, unless installed under an approved cover plate, shall be above grade.
o Cleanout 51 mm or less in size shall be installed so that there is a clearance of not less
than 305 mm in front of the cleanout.
o Cleanouts larger than 51 mm shall have a clearance of not less than 0.45 m in front of the
cleanout.

o Cleanouts in under-floor piping shall be extended to or above the finished floor or shall be
extended outside the building when there is less than 0.45 meter vertical and 0.75 meters
horizontal clearance from the means of access to such cleanout.

o No under-floor cleanout in any residential occupancy shall be more than 6.1 meters from
an access door, trap door or crawl hole.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 8

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

o Countersunk cleanout plugs shall be installed where raised heads may cause hazard to
passing personnel or vehicles.
Table 7-4
CLEAN OUTS
Size of Pipe Size of Cleanout Threads
(mm) (mm) per 25.4mm
38 38 11-1/2
51 38 11-1/2
64 64 8
76 64 8
102 & Larger 89 8

VI. HOUSE DRAIN & HOUSE SEWER

A. House Drain – lowest portion of the plumbing system that receives discharges of all soil and
waste stacks within the building, and conveys it to the House Sewer.
- Collection Line of a Plumbing System
- installed underground, or maybe suspended below the floor or inside the ceiling

1. 4 Types:
a. Combined Drain – house drain that receives discharges of sanitary waste as well
as storm water; phase out and no longer permitted
b. Sanitary Drain – house drain that receives discharges of sanitary and domestic
waste only; storm water is not allowed
c. Storm Drain – conveys all storm waters, or surface waste water except sanitary
waste
d. Industrial Drain – house drain that receives discharges from industrial equipment
that contain some objectionable acid wastes

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 9

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

2. Determining the Size of House Drain (Sanitary Drain)

TABLE 7-1 SIZE OF SANITARY DRAIN

Diameter of Pipe Maximum No. of Fixture Units that maybe connected
mm in 2% Slope 3% Slope 4% Slope
2 1¼ 1 1 1
38 1½ 2 2.5 3
50 2 5 7 8
63 2½ 12 13 14
75 3 18 18 21
100 4 84 96 114
125 5 162 216 264
150 6 300 450 600
200 8 990 1392 2220
250 10 1800 2520 3900
300 12 3089 4320 6912

a. Compute for the Total Fixture Units

b. Refer to Table 7-1
c. Specify recommended pipe size

3. Grade of Slope of the House Drain

a. Recommended slope of the House Drain under any circumstances shall be 2%
b. Less than 2% Slope maybe adopted under the following circumstances:
i. When the depth of the sewer line in relation with the depth of the
basement floor is low
ii. Long sewer line would require lower pitch but should not be less than 1%
iii. In case the sewer line slope is very slight, installation of the pipe should be
guided by leveling instrument for accuracy to prevent sags or trapped
piping

4. Changes of House Drain Direction

a. All changes in direction from horizontal to horizontal, or vertical to horizontal flow,
should be done with long radius fittings. Short tees, ¼ bends, and short turn L
fittings should not be permitted.
b. Soil Branch should be run Right Angle to the Main.
c. Fixture Connection must run at Right Angle to the branch.

5. House Drain Cleanout

The National Plumbing Code provides that:
a. The house drain shall be provided with adequate number of cleanouts to prevent
breaking of the floor, in case of drain stoppage.
b. The location of the cleanout depends upon the good judgement of the plumber
where it is readily accessible, in case of line trouble.
c. Any branch of the house drain terminating at a floor drain or fixture shall be
provided with 100mm diameter pipe, extended at least 2” above the floor
inserted in a 45 degrees Wye branch in the direction of the drain flow.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 10

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

d. The cleanout shall be equipped with threaded screw cover provided with a raised
head that could be removed easily with a wrench.
e. A cleanout extended above the floor shall not be utilized as a floor drain.
f. The trap of a floor drain shall be placed not more than 50cm below the finished
floor line to facilitate cleaning in case of line trouble.
g. A cleanout shall be installed at every 15 meters interval distance.

6. House Drain Appliances

a. House Trap
i. House Trap Assembly – device installed in the house drain immediately
inside the foundation wall of the building; serves as a barrier and prevents
gases coming from the public sewer or septic tank in circulating through
the plumbing system
ii. Back Flow Valves – device used in a drainage system to prevent the
reversal of flow; installed on the house drain, just near the foundation
wall or near the toilet room under floor; installed in a leveled position
o Balanced Valves – interior mechanism consists of a brass-seat into
which fitted a gate counter balanced with an adjustable cast iron
weight; suitable for large pressure difference
o Unbalanced Valve – suitable where the pressure in not large
b. Area Drain - designed to collect excess rain and storm water runoff from roofs,
sidewalks, parking lots, and paved streets
c. Floor Drain - collection points or receptacles which remove wash water and other
liquid wastes from a work area and carry them away through pipes or ditches for
disposal
d. Yard Catch Basin – receptacle used to catch surface water drained from cemented
courts, driveways, and yards; used to drain water from athletic fields
e. Garage Catch Basin – device designed to convey wastes from garage, wash rack,
grease pits, and repair floors into the house drain
i. Sewage Ejector – has a tank or basin that collects sewage from your
home; when the waste reaches a certain level, the pump turns on and
pushes it uphill to your home's main sewer line.
ii. Automatic Water Siphon - used to remove excess inflow from basins,
streams, and canals to prevent overflow and flooding.
iii. Sump Pit - lowest part of the basement; a hole which is constructed in
order to collect water
iv. Grease Basins - capture grease to stop it from entering your plumbing
system

B. House Sewer – portion of the horizontal drainage system, which starts from the outer face of
the building and terminate at the main sewer in the street or septic tank.
1. House Sewer Connection to Main Sewer
 House sewer is connected to the main sewer by boring a small hole through the
concrete pipe, using a sharpened steel chisel or electric drill.
 The hole is gradually enlarged to receive the sleeve.
 The house sewer is connected to the main sewer entering at a 45 degrees angle or
directly from the top.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 11

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

VII. SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

A. Types of Sewage Disposal
1. Cesspool – a hole in the ground curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hollow blocks, or
other materials laid in such a manner as to allow raw contaminated sewerage to leach
into the soil. The organic wastes accumulate and finally disposed of by disintegration
process.
2. Privy – concrete sealed vault with a wooden shelter constructed for the collection of raw
sewage.
3. Septic Tank – device or receptacle used to expedite the decomposition of the elements
contained in a raw sewage waste.
4. Public Sewer Line – public sewage system, operated and maintained by the government
consisting of a sewage treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage from buildings and
houses to a disposal system.

B. Public Sewer Line

Three Types:
1. Combination Public Sewer – sewer that conveys both storm water and sanitary wastes;
obsolete and no longer allowed by sanitary authorities
2. Sanitary Sewer – public sewer facility that carries regular sanitary waste only;
terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant
3. Storm Drain – carries storm water; terminates in a natural drain such as canals, lakes, or
rivers

Manhole – device of the main and storm sewer; serves as man’s access for inspection,
cleaning, and repair
- 75 to 150 meters interval
- 90 to 120 centimeters diameter

C. Septic Tank
1. Parts of a Septic Tank
a. Digestive Chamber – first chamber of the septic tank; sewage is retained, about
60-70% of the suspended solid is removed largely by sedimentation to form a
semi-liquid substance called sludge. Parts of the solids are formed into floating
scum.
- scum and sludge are processed by anaerobic bacteria and transforming them
into liquid and gases, called digestion
b. Leeching Chamber - to dispose of effluent from the septic tanks and to distribute
this effluent in a manner allowing adequate natural wastewater treatment in the
soil before the effluent reaches the underlying groundwater
c. Manhole
d. Airgap

Sewage - waste matter such as feces or dirty water from homes and factories,
which flows away through sewers.
Effluent - sewage that has been treated in a septic tank or sewage treatment
plant.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 12

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

2. Bacteria in Septic Tank to encourage decomposition

a. Aerobic Bacteria – relies on oxygen to survive
b. Anaerobic Bacteria – can survive with or without oxygen

3. Construction of Septic Tank

a. Reinforced Concrete
b. Plastered Concrete Hollow Blocks
c. Prefabricated Asbestos
d. Thin Metal or Plastic

4. Size of the Septic Tank

o For a family of 6 persons, the minimum tank capacity should be 1.3cu.m.
Minimum Width 90 cm
Minimum Length 150 cm
Minimum Depth 120 cm

o A very large tank is not advisable, because the bacterial activities would be
retarded. Size of the tank is proportionally based on the number of persons
expected to be served.
o For residential installation, the practice is to allow 5 to 6 cubic feet of tank volume
per person.

Technical Data in Determining Volume of Septic Tank

For residential buildings to serve larger number of
people, allocate … 0.14 to 0. 17cu.m
per person
For small residential house to serve up to 12
persons, the chamber should have a liquid
content of not more than … 0.20cu.m
For school, commercial, and industrial
establishments, the volume of the septic tank
should not be less than … 0.057cu.m nor
more than … 0.086cu.m / person

o Large amount of water waste is coming from the shower bath, laundry, and
others, it is not advisable to permit entry of these waters into the septic tank.
o Downspout collecting water from the roof should not be allowed to terminate
into the septic tank – conveyed to the storm drain
o The length of the leeching chamber is half of the length of the digestive chamber.

5. Location of Septic Tank

a. The septic tank may be located closer to the building it will serve, providing a
minimum distance of 2.00 meters from the outside wall.
b. As much as possible, the septic tank should not be located closer to the doors or
windows.
c. Septic tank should be at least 15 meters away from any source of water supply.
The farthest the better.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 13

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

VIII. STORM DRAIN

A. Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater
1. Gutter - a channel at the lower edge of a roof for carrying away rain
2. Roof Leader/Downspout/Water Conductor - a pipe for conveying rainwater from a roof
or gutter to the ground or to a drain; concealed or exposed
3. Roof Drain - a drain installed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof or on
gutter, and to discharge it into a leader or a conductor
4. Shoe – bottom of the downspout; used for directing the rainwater far away from the
building, mostly from the roof gutter over to a drainage system
5. Catch Basin - catching, holding, and filtering runoff water around the home or business
or draining excess water off of surfaces or out of gutter drain systems
6. Storm Line – connects the catch basins; drain excess water from impervious surfaces
into the nearby waterways

B. 3 Major Systems of Collecting Rainwater

1. Independent System/Separate System – collected rainwater is directly brought to
water reservoirs
2. Combined System – combination of storm water and sanitary wastes
3. Natural System – does not use roof gutters or downspout; rainwater maybe collected
by cisterns

C. Classification of Storm Drain

1. Inside Storm Drain – located under the basement floor or within the walls of the
building; commonly found in buildings constructed on congested business districts;
drainpipe is laid under the floor or walls of the structure
2. Outside Storm Drain – installed outside the foundation wall of the building; possible on
location where the lot is not totally occupied by the building
3. Overhead Storm Drain – adopted when the street drainage is higher in elevation than
the basement floor of the building; pipe is well fitted and suspended inside the ceiling
by suitable hangers spaced at closer intervals

D. Size of Storm Drain

The size of Storm Drain is determined under the following considerations:

1. Gauging the rainfall over a given period, whether it is constant or exceedingly heavy
shower of short duration.
2. Consider the varying roof areas the slope, and the distance of water traveled before it
reaches the conductors of the roof.
3. Water drains faster on high pitch roof. Hence, requires larger drainage pipe than that
of a flat roof.
4. The height of the building, contribute largely to the velocity of water falling inside a
vertical pipe conductor. The velocity fall accelerate the flow of water entering into the
storm drain.
5. The use of improper fittings and short offsets that will affect the flow of water must be
avoided.

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 14

 CENG112 – ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2

TABLE 9-1 SIZE OF STORM DRAIN

Diameter of Maximum Drained Roof Area
Pipe
mm in 2% Slope 3% Slope 4% Slope
75 3 114 142 170
100 4 242 315 388
125 5 438 566 694
150 6 700 903 1105
200 8 1463 1888 2313
250 10 2563 3309 4055
300 12 4100 5290 6480
350 14 5576 7203 8830

The conservative estimate of maximum rainfall in the Philippines is about 20mm in a 5

minutes interval. Using this data, the approximate volume of water that will be accumulated
on the roof in one minute can be readily computed using Table 9-1, Size of Storm Drain.

E. Roof Leader

Area of Roof Gutter Top Roof Leader

SQ.M Dimension (mm) Diameter (mm)
1 to 10 75 38
11 to 25 100 50
26 to 75 100 75
76 to 165 125 90
166 to 335 150 100
336 to 510 200 125
511 to 900 250 150

F. Grade – shall be installed providing a slope of not more than 2% per meter run

AR. KEVIN BENJAMIN T. MARQUEZ, UAP, RMP 15