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New Perspectives Html5 and Css3 Comprehensive 7Th Edition Carey Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
New Perspectives Html5 and Css3 Comprehensive 7Th Edition Carey Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
This document is organized chronologically, using the same headings in blue that you see in
the textbook. Under each heading, you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize
the section, Figures and Boxes found in the section (if any), Teacher Tips, Classroom
Activities, and Lab Activities. Pay special attention to teaching tips and activities geared
toward quizzing your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging
experimentation within the software.
Our latest online feature, CourseCasts, is a library of weekly podcasts designed to keep your
students up to date with the latest in technology news. Direct your students to
http://coursecasts.course.com, where they can download the most recent CourseCast onto
their mp3 player. Ken Baldauf, host of CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State
University Computer Science Department, where he is responsible for taking technology
classes to thousands of FSU students each year. Ken is an expert in the latest technology and
sorts through and aggregates the most pertinent news and information for CourseCasts so
your students can spend their time enjoying technology, rather than trying to figure it out.
Open or close your lecture with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast.
Table of Contents
Tutorial Objectives 3
Introducing Web Forms 3
Starting a Web Form 3
Creating a Field Set 4
Creating Input Boxes 5
Adding Field Labels 6
Designing a Form Layout 6
Defining Default Values and Placeholders 7
Entering Date and Time Values 8
Creating a Selection List 9
Creating Option Buttons 9
Creating Check Boxes 10
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 2 of 17
Tutorial Objectives
Students will have mastered the material in Tutorial Seven when they can:
BOXES
• Insight: Restricting Access to Web Server Programs (HTML 504)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-1, Figure 7-2
TEACHER TIP
Use Figure 7-1 to point out the different widgets and controls in a web form. Prepare a few examples
of the different types of web forms that can be created.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion:
Ask the students their views on whether allowing a user to directly interact with a
web page’s content instead of hyperlinks is a good practice or not.
LAB ACTIVITY
• None
• Explain the role of the action, method, and enctype attributes in a form.
• Discuss the possible values of the method attribute, including get and post.
• Use Figure 7-4 to discuss the values of the enctype attribute.
• Discuss the role of the script element.
BOXES
• Tip: HTML also supports the name attribute for uniquely identifying forms (HTML 504).
• Reference: Inserting a Web Form (HTML 504)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-3, Figure 7-4, Figure 7-5, Figure 7-6
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students about the placement of the form element within a web page.
List out the differences between the get and post methods in HTML.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: The method attribute has just one possible value in HTML. (Answer:
False)
o True/False: In HTML, the get method sends the form data in its own separate data
stream. (Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students use an editor of their choice to create a survey page using HTML and ask
them to add a form to it. Follow the instructions from the following section:
o HTML 505 “To insert a web form”
o HTML 506 “To specify how the form interacts with the server”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating a Field Set (HTML 508)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-7, Figure 7-8, Figure 7-9
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that the id attribute is useful in distinguishing one field set from another, but it
is not compulsory to add it to a field set. Inform them that field sets act like block elements that can
expand or shrink to accommodate their content.
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 5 of 17
Explain the students that field sets are generally useful in assistive technologies. Cite the example of a
screen reader in this aspect.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion:
Ask the students to express their opinion on why field sets and legends are required when
creating a form? Also, ask them to justify their answers with examples.
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Ask them to organize the
form into two field sets and add legends to them. Follow the instructions from the following
section:
o HTML 508 “To add field sets to a form”
o HTML 509 “To add legends to the field sets”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating an Input Control (HTML 511)
• Tip: You can prevent users from entering data into a control by adding the attribute
disabled to the element tag (HTML 513).
• Insight: Navigating Forms with Access Keys (HTML 513).
• Tip: Always include a type attribute in your input box so that a user’s device can choose a
keyboard best suited for the form control (HTML 514).
FIGURES
• Figure 7-10, Figure 7-11, Figure 7-12, Figure 7-13
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that if no type value is specified for the input element, the browser assumes a
default value of text and adds a simple text input box to the web form. Also, tell them that by
default, browsers display input boxes as inline elements.
Remind the students that in virtual keyboards, for email addresses the @ key is displayed as well as a
key that inserts the .com character string. Similarly, for url data, the virtual keyboard includes a key
that inserts the www. character string.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: By default, the length of input boxes is 20 characters. (Answer: True)
o Quiz: Which attribute of the input element identifies the control in which a user
enters the field value? (Answer: id)
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 6 of 17
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Ask them to add multiple
input elements to the survey form. Follow the instructions from the following section:
o HTML 512 “To add input elements”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating a Field Label (HTML 515)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-14
TEACHER TIP
Remind the students that by nesting a control within a label, both the control and its label can be
treated as a single object.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: The for attribute is not required when the association between a text
string and a control is implicitly made. (Answer: True)
o True/ False: You can use only one approach at a time to associate a text string with a
control. (Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Ask them to associate
text strings to input boxes. Follow the instructions from the following section:
o HTML 515 “To insert form labels”
BOXES
• Tip: In a two-column layout, you can move the label text even closer to the input controls by
right aligning the label text (HTML 517).
• Insight: Using the autocomplete Attribute (HTML 522)
FIGURES
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 7 of 17
• Figure 7-15, Figure 7-16, Figure 7-17, Figure 7-18, Figure 7-19, Figure 7-20, Figure 7-21
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that the width of individual characters varies depending on the typeface and the
font style.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion:
Ask the students to select a form layout they think is suitable for a survey conducted on
100 people about their preferences and choices. Also, ask them to justify their answers.
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 517 “To create a flexbox for the label and input elements”
o HTML 518 “To add styles for a flexible form layout”
o HTML 520 “To create a flexible layout for the form”
BOXES
• Tip: You can replace the default field value by entering a new value for the field (HTML 523).
• Tip: The moz extension for Firefox version 18 and earlier treats the placeholder as a pseudo-
class rather than a pseudo-element (HTML 525).
• Proskills: Decision Making: Creating Cross-Browser Compatible Forms (HTML 526)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-22, Figure 7-23, Figure 7-24
TEACHER TIP
Remind the students that different browser extensions cannot be placed within the same style rule
because if the style rule contains a selector that the browser doesn’t recognize, the entire rule will be
ignored.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: Placeholders provide a hint about the kind of data that should be entered
into a field in HTML. (Answer: True)
o True/ False: CSS provides specific styles to format the appearance of placeholders.
(Answer: False)
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 8 of 17
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 523 “To define a default field value”
o HTML 524 “To define a placeholder”
BOXES
• Tip: If a browser does not support date and time controls, it will display an input box, leaving
the user free to enter the date or time value in whatever format he or she wants (HTML 530).
FIGURES
• Figure 7-25, Figure 7-26
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that the lack of uniformity in date formats makes it difficult for a web server
program to store and analyze the data. Provide them with a few real-time scenarios where this
situation is applicable.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: In HTML, there is nothing to prevent users from entering the same date
in a wide variety of formats. (Answer: True)
o True/ False: In HTML5, the date and time fields can be indicated only by using the
time attribute. (Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 531 “To create a date field”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating a Selection List (HTML 532)
• Tip: The default width of the selection box is equal to the width of the longest option text
unless the width is set using a CSS style. (HTML 532).
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 9 of 17
• Tip: To assist your users in completing your form, you can include instructions on your page
detailing how to select multiple options from a selection list (HTML 534).
• Insight: Hidden Fields (HTML 536)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-27, Figure 7-28, Figure 7-29, Figure 7-30, Figure 7-31
TEACHER TIP
Remind the students that the first option in a selection list is selected by default and thus contains the
field’s default value. Also, inform the students that XHTML documents require the attribute
selected = “selected” to be compliant with XHTML standards for attribute values.
Inform the students that if they are using multiple selection lists in a form, they need to verify
whether the server-based program they are using can handle a single field with multiple values.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: The default behavior of a selection list is to allow multiple selections from
the list of options. (Answer: False)
o True/ False: In HTML5, there is no CSS style to change the appearance of the option
group label alone. (Answer: True)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 532 “To create a selection list”
o HTML 534 “To apply the size and multiple attributes”
BOXES
• Tip: To show that a group of radio buttons are associated with the same field, place the radio
button controls within a field set (HTML 537).
• Reference: Creating an Option List (HTML 537)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-32, Figure 7-33
TEACHER TIP
Prepare a few examples to show the difference between selection lists and radio buttons. Also, inform
the students that radio buttons with different ids and field values can share the same field name.
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 10 of 17
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: A user can check multiple options in a group of radio buttons. (Answer:
False)
o True/ False: In HTML5, an option button is always selected by default. (Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 538 “To create a set of option buttons”
BOXES
• Tip: The default field value for a check box control is “On” (HTML 540).
• Reference: Creating a Check Box (HTML 540)
• Insight: Tab Indexing and Autofocus (HTML 541)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-34, Figure 7-35
TEACHER TIP
Prepare a few examples to show the use of check boxes in HTML. Inform the students that check
boxes are a good option to be selected when they want their visitors to choose multiple units within a
group of choices.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion:
Ask the students to express their views on the necessity of using checkboxes. Can there be
any other alternative to using checkboxes in HTML? Ask them to justify their answers.
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 540 “To add the checkbox control”
BOXES
• Tip: When you enter more text than can fit into a text area box, the browser automatically
adds vertical scroll bars to the box (HTML 542).
• Reference: Creating a Text Area Box (HTML 542)
• Proskills: Written Communication: Creating Effective Forms (HTML 544)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-36, Figure 7-37, Figure 7-38
TEACHER TIP
Prepare a few examples to show the limitations of input boxes. Next, show a few examples depicting
how text area boxes are appropriate for extended text strings.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: The default browser style is to create a text area box of about 240
characters wide. (Answer: False)
o True/ False: In HTML, the size of a text area box cannot be increased. (Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 543 “To add a text area box”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating Spinner Controls and Range Sliders (HTML 551)
• Insight: Styles for Widgets (HTML 553)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-39, Figure 7-40, Figure 7-41, Figure 7-42, Figure 7-43
TEACHER TIP
Prepare a few examples to explain how spinner controls and slider controls work.
Also, inform the students that it a good practice to include the lower and the upper values of the
range before and after the slider control as many browsers do not include a scale on the range slider
widget.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 12 of 17
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 548 “To add a spinner control”
o HTML 551 “To add a range slider control”
BOXES
• Tip: When applied to the range type, a data list appears as tick marks in the range slider
widget (HTML 553).
• Reference: Creating and Applying a Data List (HTML 554)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-44, Figure 7-45
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that the datalist tag is a new tag added in HTML5. Remind them that the
datalist element is used to specify a list of pre-defined options in an input box, and it appears as a
pop-up list of suggested values.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion:
Ask the students to research on the global attributes supported by the datalist
element in HTML.
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 554 “To apply a data list to an input control”
BOXES
• Reference: Creating Form Buttons (HTML 556)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-46, Figure 7-47, Figure 7-48
TEACHER TIP
Prepare a few examples to show the students the difference between the command, submit, and reset
buttons.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: The appearance of command, submit, and reset buttons is determined by
the browser. (Answer: True)
o True/ False: The button border and the font of a submit button can be modified only
after adding the button element. (Answer: True).
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 557 “To create submit and reset buttons”
BOXES
• Tip: You can turn off client-validation by adding the attribute novalidate to the form
element (HTML 559).
• Reference: Validating Field Values (HTML 563)
• Insight: WebKit Styles for Validation Messages (HTML 565)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-49, Figure 7-50, Figure 7-51, Figure 7-52, Figure 7-53
TEACHER TIP
Remind the students that whenever possible, they should supplement server-side validation with
client-side validation to reduce the server’s workload.
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 14 of 17
Inform the students that the maxlength attribute does not distinguish between characters and
digits. A user could enter the text string abcde as easily as 32175 and have the field values pass
validation.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Quick Quiz:
o True/ False: If a required field is left blank, the browser will return an error message
without submitting the form. (Answer: True)
o True/ False: The confirmation dialog box appears every time you submit a form.
(Answer: False)
LAB ACTIVITY
• Have the students rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 560 “To create submit and reset buttons”
o HTML 561 “To verify the form does not accept invalid data”
o HTML 563 “To test a field value against a regular expression”
BOXES
• Proskills: Problem Solving: Using Form Building Tools (HTML 569)
FIGURES
• Figure 7-54, Figure 7-55, Figure 7-56, Figure 7-57, Figure 7-58
TEACHER TIP
Inform the students that according to studies, users are less likely to make errors and can complete a
form faster if they are informed of data entry errors as they occur.
Remind the students that it is a good practice to highlight invalid field values only when the
respective input controls have the focus as displaying a form full of input backgrounds with different
background colors can be confusing and distracting for a user.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
• Class Discussion
Ask the students to express their opinion on whether an inline validation is better
than an after submit validation? Ask them to justify their answers.
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 15 of 17
LAB ACTIVITY
• Ask the students to rework on the previous HTML file they created. Follow the instructions
from the following section:
o HTML 566 “To create style rules for elements that have the focus”
o HTML 568 “To perform inline validation”
New Perspectives on HTML and CSS, 7th edition Instructor’s Manual Page 16 of 17
Glossary
• access key (HTML 513) • Perl (HTML 504)
• calendar controls (HTML 502) • placeholders (HTML 524)
• check boxes (HTML 502) • post method (HTML 505)
• client-side validation (HTML 559) • radio buttons (HTML 502)
• color pickers (HTML 502) • regular expression or regex (HTML 562)
• command button (HTML 556) • reset button (HTML 556)
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI) (HTML • selection lists (HTML 502)
504) • server-side validation (HTML 559)
• controls (HTML 502) • slider control (HTML 550)
• data field or field (HTML 503) • slider controls (HTML 502)
• data list (HTML 553) • spin boxes (HTML 502)
• field set (HTML 507) • spinner control (HTML 548)
• focus (HTML 566) • submit button (HTML 556)
• form buttons (HTML 556) • text area boxes (HTML 502)
• get method (HTML 505) • validation (HTML 559)
• hidden field (HTML 536) • virtual keyboards (HTML 514)
• inline validation (HTML 565) • web form (HTML 502)
• input boxes (HTML 502) • widgets (HTML 502)
• option buttons (HTML 502)
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other nations 5,800,767 tons. Between 1855 and 1860 over
1,300,000 American tons in excess of the country’s needs were
employed by foreigners in trades with which we had no legitimate
connection save as carriers. In 1851 our registered steamships had
grown from the 16,000 tons of 1848 to 63,920 tons—almost equal to
the 65,920 tons of England, and in 1855 this had increased to
115,000 tons and reached a maximum, for in 1862 we had 1,000 tons
less. In 1855 we built 388 vessels, in 1856 306 vessels and in 1880 26
vessels—all for the foreign trade. The total tonnage which entered
our ports in 1856 from abroad amounted to 4,464,038, of which
American built ships constituted 3,194,375 tons, and all others but
1,259,762 tons. In 1880 there entered from abroad 15,240,534 tons,
of which 3,128,374 tons were American and 12,112,000 were foreign
—that is, in a ratio of seventy-five to twenty-five, or actually 65,901
tons less than when we were twenty-four years younger as a nation.
The grain fleet sailing last year from the port of New York numbered
2,897 vessels, of which 1,822 were sailing vessels carrying
59,822,033 bushels, and 1,075 were steamers laden with 42,426,533
bushels, and among all these there were but seventy-four American
sailing vessels and not one American steamer.
“While this poison of decay has been eating into our vitals the
possibilities of the country in nearly every other industry have
reached a plane of development beyond the dreams of the most
enthusiastic theorizers. We have spread out in every direction and
the promise of the future beggars imaginations attuned even to the
key of our present and past development. We have a timber area of
560,000,000 acres, and across our Canadian border there are
900,000,000 more acres; in coal and iron production we are
approaching the Old World.
1842. 1879.
Coal— Tons. Tons.
Great Britain 35,000,000 135,000,000
United States 2,000,000 60,000,000
Iron—
Great Britain 2,250,000 6,300,000
United States 564,000 2,742,000
With a view to carry this work through the year 1882 and into part
of 1883, very plain reference should be made to the campaign of
1882, which in several important States was fully as disastrous to the
Republican party as any State elections since the advent of that party
to national supremacy and power. In 1863 and 1874 the Republican
reverses were almost if not quite as general, but in the more
important States the adverse majorities were not near so sweeping.
Political “tidal waves” had been freely talked of as descriptive of the
situation in the earlier years named, but the result of 1882 has been
pertinently described by Horatio Seymour as the “groundswell,” and
such it seemed, both to the active participants in, and lookers-on, at
the struggle.
Political discontent seems to be periodical under all governments,
and the periods are probably quite as frequent though less violent
under republican as other forms. Certain it is that no political party
in our history has long enjoyed uninterrupted success. The National
success of the Republicans cannot truthfully be said to have been
uninterrupted since the first election of Lincoln, as at times one or
the other of the two Houses of Congress have been in the hands of
the Democratic party, while since the second Grant administration
there has not been a safe working majority of Republicans in either
House. Combinations with Greenbackers, Readjusters, and
occasionally with dissenting Democrats have had to be employed to
preserve majorities in behalf of important measures, and these have
not always succeeded, though the general tendency of side-parties
has been to support the majority, for the very plain reason that
majorities can reward with power upon committees and with
patronage.
Efforts were made by the Democrats in the first session of the 47th
Congress to reduce existing tariffs, and to repeal the internal revenue
taxes. The Republicans met the first movement by establishing a
Tariff Commission, which was appointed by President Arthur, and
composed mainly of gentlemen favorable to protective duties. In the
year previous (1881) the income from internal taxes was
$135,264,385.51, and the cost of collecting $4,327,793.24, or 3.20
per cent. The customs revenues amounted to $198,159,676.02, the
cost of collecting the same $6,383,288.10, or 3.22 per cent. There
was no general complaint as to the cost of collecting these immense
revenues, for this cost was greatly less than in former years, but the
surplus on internal taxes (about $146,000,000) was so large that it
could not be profitably employed even in the payment of the public
debt, and as a natural result all interests called upon to pay the tax
(save where there was a monopoly in the product or the
manufacture) complained of the burden as wholly unnecessary, and
large interests and very many people demanded immediate and
absolute repeal. The Republicans sought to meet this demand half
way by a bill repealing all the taxes, save those on spirits and
tobacco, but the Democrats obstructed and defeated every attempt at
partial repeal. The Republicans thought that the moral sentiment of
the country would favor the retention of the internal taxes upon
spirits and tobacco (the latter having been previously reduced) but if
there was any such sentiment it did not manifest itself in the fall
elections. On the contrary, every form of discontent, encouraged by
these great causes, took shape. While the Tariff Commission, by
active and very intelligent work, held out continued hope to the more
confident industries, those which had been threatened or injured by
the failure of the crops in 1881, and by the assassination of President
Garfield, saw only prolonged injury in the probable work of the
Commission, for to meet the close Democratic sentiment and to
unite that which it was hoped would be generally friendly, moderate
tariff rates had to be fixed; notably upon iron, steel, and many classes
of manufactured goods. Manufacturers of the cheaper grades of
cotton goods were feeling the pressure of competition from the South
—where goods could be made from a natural product close at hand—
while those of the North found about the same time that the tastes of
their customers had improved, and hence their cheaper grades were
no longer in such general demand. There was over-production, as a
consequence grave depression, and not all in the business could at
once realize the cause of the trouble. Doubt and distrust prevailed,
and early in the summer of 1882, and indeed until late in the fall, the
country seemed upon the verge of a business panic. At the same time
the leading journals of the country seemed to have joined in a
crusade against all existing political methods, and against all
statutory and political abuses. The cry of “Down with Boss Rule!”
was heard in many States, and this rallied to the swelling ranks of
discontent all who are naturally fond of pulling down leaders—and
the United States Senatorial elections of 1883 quickly showed that
the blow was aimed at all leaders, whether they were alleged Bosses
or not. Then, too, the forms of discontent which could not take
practical shape in the great Presidential contest between Garfield
and Hancock, came to the front with cumulative force after the
assassination. There is little use in philosophizing and searching for
sufficient reasons leading to a fact, when the fact itself must be
confessed and when its force has been felt. It is a plain fact that many
votes in the fall of 1882 were determined by the nominating struggle
for the Presidency in 1880, by the quarrels which followed Garfield’s
inauguration, and by the assassination. Indeed, the nation had not
recovered from the shock, and many very good people looked with
very grave suspicion upon every act of President Arthur after he had
succeeded to the chair. The best informed, broadest and most liberal
political minds saw in his course an honest effort to heal existing
differences in the Republican party, but many acts of
recommendation and appointment directed to this end were
discounted by the few which could not thus be traced, and suspicion
and discontent swelled the chorus of other injuries. The result was
the great political changes of 1882. It began in Ohio, the only
important and debatable October State remaining at this time. The
causes enumerated above (save the assassination and the conflict
between the friends of Grant and Blaine) operated with less force in
Ohio than any other section—for here leaders had not been held up
as “Bosses;” civil service reform had many advocates among them;
the people were not by interest specially wedded to high tariff duties,
nor were they large payers of internal revenue taxes. But the liquor
issue had sprung up in the Legislature the previous winter, the
Republicans attempting to levy and collect a tax from all who sold,
and to prevent the sale on Sundays. These brief facts make strange
reading to the people of other States, where the sale of liquor has
generally been licensed, and forbidden on Sundays. Ohio had