LEMON (Citrus x limon) RIND AND ORANGE (Citrus x sinensis) RIND AS

CITRUS ENZYME CLEANER

ALJOBEN AMARGA CAÑADA

CIARA ANJANETTE MARFORY MAGNO
NORMANDY MENDEZ RAÑOA JR.
CHEALSEA REVILLEZA
REY FRANZ DY ZATE

A Research Proposal
Submitted to the Faculty of The
Mindanao State University at Naawan
Integrated Developmental School
9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental
In Partial fulfillment of The
Requirements for The
Subject

Research 1

May 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

The research entitled “Lemon (Citrus x limon) rind and Orange (Citrus x sinensis)
rind as a Citrus Enzyme Cleaner “Submitted by Aljoben A. Canada, Normandy M. Ranoa Jr.,
Rey Franz D. Zate, Ciara Anjanette M. Magno and Chealsea Revilleza in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the subject Research 1, was successfully defended and approved on April 30,
2018.

Virene Michelle M. Parcia Shuni R. Sameon

Panel Member Panel Member

Benna G. Arnejo
Subject Teacher

The Department of Science, Mathematics, Information Technology and Research

endorses acceptance of this research as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subjects
Research 1.

Ruela D. Villaroza
Chairperson
Department of Science, Mathematics, Information Technology and Research

This Research is hereby officially accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements in the
subject research 1:

Prof. Juvy S. Arjona

Principal
Integrated Developmental School

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to manifest their wholeheartedly thanks, appreciation and

unfeigned gratitude to the following loving and caring individuals:

To our parents, who helped us in our research in terms of financial problems and also for

their guidance and massive support that they have given us to make our research meaningfully

as possible. Also especial thanks to Presy A. Cañada for letting us borrow her laptop to research

information and encode data. Also for buying us some of the raw material needed for this

research study.

To this institution, we humbly thank for this experience that serve as a training ground for

our next grade level. Also, it serves as a working place for us.

To our subject teacher, Ms. Benna G. Arnejo wo serve us our second mother for guiding

our research. Also, for reprimanding and scrutinizing our works

To our panel members, Virene Michelle M. Parcia and Shuni R. Sameon, for not

neglecting our invitation. Also for giving us an admonishment and inkling.

Lastly, we humbly thanks to our Almighty God for His kindness, infinite blessings,

keeping us away from risk, and giving us wisdom for us to make this research.

Aljoben
Ciara Anjanette
Normandy
Chealsea
Rey franz

iii
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Chealsea C. Revilleza

Address: P-3 Bliss, San Pedro,
Initao, Misamis Oriental
Birthdate: March 15, 2003
Birthplace: Initao,Misamis Oriental
Parents:
Father: Richard Pacas Revilleza
Mother: Virginia Mari Catayas
Educational Attaiment
Preschool:
K-1: Midway Christian School
Tubigan, Misamis Oriental 9025
K-2: Eliz Learning Center
P-9,Initao, Misamis Oriental
Elementary:
Grade 1-6: Initao Central School
Poblacion Initao,Misamis Oriental
High School:
Mindanao State University at Naawan Integrated Developmental School
Poblacion, Naawan, Misamis Oriental
Honors and Awards:
Preschool:
K-1: 2ndhonors (2007-2008)
Best in Reading
Best in Science
Best in Computer
Best in Mathematics
K-2: 4thhonors (2008-2009)
Best in Reading
Best in Writing
Best in Science
Best in Mathematics
Best in English
Elementary:
Grade 1: 6thhonors (2009-2010)
Grade 2: 7thhonors (2010-2011)
Grade 3: With honors (2011-2012)
Grade 4: 6thhonors (2012-2013)
Grade 5: 5thhonors (2013-2014)
Grade 6: 4thhonors (2014-2015)
Campus Journalist of the Year
High School:
Grade 7: Academic Excellence Award (2015-2016)
Grade 8: Academic Excellence Award (2016-2017)

SCHOOL CLUBS ORAGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

Journalism Club Grade 9 Representative (2017-2018)
iv
WAVES member (2015-2019)
Homemakers member (2017-2018)

v
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Normandy M. Ranoa Jr

Address: Purok 5, Naawan Misamis Oriental
Birthdate: November 26, 2002
Birthplace: Cagayan de Oro City
Parents:
Father: Normandy H. Ranoa Sr
Mother: Rolivia M. Ranoa
Educational Attainment:
Preschool:
Mindanao Mission Academy
Poblacion, Manticao Misamis Oriental
Elementary:
Grade 1- Mindanao Mission Academy
Grade 2-6 – Naawan Central School
Poblacion, Naawan Misamis Oriental
High School:
Mindanao State University at Naawan Integrated Developmental School
Poblacion, Naawan, Misamis Oriental

Honors and Awards:

Preschool:
K1: with honors
K2: with honors
Elementary:
Grade 1: Respectful
Grade 2: Most Responsible
Kab-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 3: with honors
Kab-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 4: Boys-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 5: Academic Recognition (1st – 4th grading)
Boys Scout of the Philippines
Grade 6- Academic Recognition (1 st – 3rd grading)
Boys Scout of the Philippines
Milo Olympics Certificate
Provincial meet Lawn Tennis Athlete
High School:
1st year: Academic Recognition (2nd and 4th grading)
nd
2 year: Academic Recognition (2nd grading)
Academic Excellence (4 th grading)
Mystic 6 volleyball player
SCHOOL CLUBS ORAGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
Milo Sports Club Member
Sports Club

vi
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Aljoben A. Canada

Address: Lugait, Misamis Oriental
Birthdate: January 29 2003
Birthplace: Lugait, Misamis Oriental
Parents:
Father: Alejo A. Canada Jr.
Mother: Presy A. Canada
Educational Attainment:
Preschool:
Lugait Day Care Center
Elementary:
Naawan Central School
Poblacion, Naawan Misamis Oriental
High School:
Mindanao State University at Naawan Integrated Developmental School
Poblacion, Naawan, Misamis Oriental
Honors and Awards:
Preschool:
- 3rd Honor

Elementary:

Grade 1: 8th Honor

Kab-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 2: 7th Honor
Kab-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 3: 7th Honor
Kab-Scout of the Philippines
Grade 4: 8th Honor
1st placer Slogan Contest District Level
3rd placer ScIDAMath Contest District Level
Boy Scout of the Philippines
Grade 5: 8th Honor
1st placer Slogan Contest District Level
2nd placer Read-a-Tone Contest (Vocabulary)
1st placer Photojournalism District Level
Boy Scout of the Philippines
SPG Officer
Grade 6: 6th Honorable mention
1st placer Badminton Contest District Level
1st placer Badminton Contest Unit-Level
Photojournalism Participant
Science Quiz Bee Participant
Boy Scout Patrol Leader

vii
High School:
1st year: Excellence Awardees
2nd year: Excellence Awardees

SCHOOL CLUBS ORAGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

Sports Club Member
Read-a-thon Member
Math-Sci Club Member
Drum corp Member
Homemakers Club Member
Supreme Pupil Government Secretary (SY: 2013-2014)
CCRS Member
Journalism Member

viii
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Ciara Anjanette M. Magno

Address: Purok 11, Poblacion Initao Misamis Oriental
Birthdate: June 2, 2003
Birthplace: Poblacion, Initao Misamis Oriental
Parents:
Father: Jason J. Magno
Mother: Vivian M. Magno
Educational Attainment:
Preschool:
Baracks Day Care Center
Initao Misamis Oriental
Elementary:
Initao Central School
Initao Misamis Oriental
High School:
MSU- Naawan Integrated Developmental School
Naawan Misamis Oriental
Honors and Awards:
Preschool:
Best in Mathematics
Best in Science
Most Neat and Clean
Elementary:
Grade 1: With Honors
Grade 2: With Honors
Grade 3: 7th Honors
Grade 4: 2nd Honors
1st placer MTAP Distric Challenge
6th placer MTAP Division Challenge
Grade 5: 2nd Honors
1st placer Read-A-Thone Division Contest
1st placer MTAP District Challenge
4th placer MTAP Division Challenge
Grade 6: 1st Honorable Mention
Copy Reading Participant
MTAP Participant
High School:
1st Year: Excellence Awardees
2nd Tear: Excellence Awardees
SCHOOL CLUBS ORAGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

Member, Home Makers Club

Member, Math and Science Club

ix
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Name: Reyfranz D. Zate

Address: Purok-7,Linangkayan Misamis Oriental
Birthdate: October 16,2003
Birthplace: Iligan City
Parents:
Father: Rey M. Zate
Mother: Merline D. Zate
Educational Attainment
Preschool: Manticao Day Care Center
Elementary:
Naawan Central School
Poblacion,Naawan Misamis Oriental
Highschool:
MSU- Naawan Integrated Developmental School
Naawan Misamis Oriental

Honors and Awards

Preschool: Most Punctual
Most Clean and Neat
Most Polite
Industrious Student
6TH Honor Student
Friendly Student
Elementary:
Grade1: Academic Awardee(1st-3rd)
5th Filipino Contest/Wikang Pambansa Poster Making
Respectful Student
Obedient Student
Most Punctual
Grade-2: Academic Awardee(1st-2nd)
Honest Student
Industrious Student
Grade-3: 5th Poster Making
Academic Awardee(1st-3rd)
Trustworthy Student
Friendly Student
Behave Student
Neat and Clean Student
Grade-4: Academic Awardee{1st}
Grade-5: Trustworthy Student
Academic Recognition(3rd)
Most Neat and Clean Student
Grade-6: With Honor
Industrious Student
Special Award

x
Highschool: Academic Awardee(1st-3rd)
Academic Awardee(2 Nd)
Industrious Student
Seminar/Workshop:
- Arts Workshop
- Drug Awareness

xi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………….. i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………………………. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………….. iii
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA…………………………………………………………………... iv- xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………..
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………… xiii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………… ….. xiv

I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………. 1
I.1 Rationale and Background…………………………………………… 1
I.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………. 1
I.3 Objective of the Study………………………………………………… 2
I.3.1 General Objective ………………………………………. 2
I.3.2 Specific Objective ………………………………………. 2
I.4 Significance of the Study……………………………………………… 2-3
I.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study…………………………………… 3
I.6 Definition of Terms……………………………………………………. 3

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………………… 4-7

III. MATERIAL AND METHODS………………………………………………………… 8

3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………….. 8
3.2 Study Area………………………………………………………………. 8
3.3 Subject of the Study…………………………………………………… 9
3.4 Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………... 9
3.5 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………. 11

LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………………….. 14
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Description Page Number

1 Gantt Chart 13
2 Line Budget Chart 14

xiii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page Number

1 Citrus 4
2 Lemon (citrus x limon) 5
3 Orange ( citrus x sinensis) 7
4 Map of MSU-N-IDS 9
5 Flow Chart 11

xiv
 I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale

Stains can made your cleaning day a disaster. It is a common problem to us specifically

regarding in our clothing. Stains come from all sorts of sources and that is why it is difficult for

people to deal with this issue.

There are several methods of eliminating stains. You could removed it by using soaps,

detergents, bars and other chemical solutions. The problem is, when using this given materials, it

may be very costly.

Due to the idea of cleaning detergents, people now a days forget on how to improvise

their given waste materials. We forget that there are many possible products you could used in

replacement with other cleaning detergents that is as efficient as it is.

The most common raw materials are the lemon (Citrus x limon) rind and orange (Citrus x

sinensis) rind. According to some sources, lemon is the most acidic of all citrus fruits and orange

is in the third ranking of that category. They contain citric acids that is capable of removing

stains. These two citrus fruits also contains citral; an unsaturated liquid that has a strong odor

and is used especially in perfumes. It can produce a sweet odor for your clothing.

In general, this research is all about making a citrus cleaner that is capable of removing

stains.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. What is the rate of removed stains in shirt using lemon?

2. What is the rate of removed stains in shirt using the different concentration of the citrus

enzyme cleaner?

3. Can citrus enzyme cleaner be a good substitute for commercial detergents?

1
1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General Objective

This study aims to produce a cleaning agent out of orange and lemon scraps.

1.3.2 Specific objective

Specifically, this study aims to;

1. Determine the rate of removed stain in shirt using lemon.

2. Determine the rate of removed stain in shirt using the different

concentration of the citrus enzyme cleaner.

3. Determine if the citrus enzyme cleaner be a good substitute for

commercial detergents.

1.4 Significance of the Study

In this generation, people commonly used commercial detergents for removing stains.

However, one of the crisis about it is it’s very expensive for other people especially those who

have poverty problems, us to bought one. Also, they don’t know the negative causes of the

commercial detergents and are not aware of the hazardous or uncommon chemical substance in

that specific cleaner they are using now a days. The researchers conducted this study for people

to use organic substance like orange and lemon rind rather than using a chemical substance that

cost a fortune. One of the reason the researchers conducted this kind of study is to save mother

earth by reusing, recycling the organic product that is usable enough to create a new product.

This study supports the idea of a cleaner and greener world specially that this generation live

their life with so much expenditures to the point they risk their life in order to buy their wants.

This research would also be conducted for us to find out that lemon and oranges’ citric acids

could be used for cleaning our cloths. The product of this research which is the Citrus Enzyme

2
Cleaner is a less health-threatening product because of the organic substance that the

researchers would be used. The product that they will be studying is safe to the people because

of the raw materials the researchers use.

This study would also be useful to our working mothers. Instead of buying a commercial

product that is harmful to their kids, why don’t they create a recyclable product made from their

citrus peels. The bad thing is, it would take time to ferment before using it. Hence, it is very a eco-

friendly product and only for the economy but also for the children's virgin nose. Mother always

thinks first of their family and their safety. In this case they would use a product that is more

efficient and friendly to their home. The children is also the one who is being prioritize in this

study and also for the users.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research is only applicable in cleaning white cotton shirt that has an ink stain on it.

Apply a large amount of enzyme cleaner into your white shirt to make it more effective. When

applying it unto the shirt, you will let it soak for about a day and then you can wash it afterwards.

Washing on hand may not be applicable because it can exerts more force. The force you apply

into the shirt would may be the reason why the stain was gone. That’s why it is advisable to use

washing machines.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Brown Sugar is a substance used as a food for the yeast to make it more effective as it

undergoes fermentation.

Lemon rind is used for adding acids from the cleaner and make the smell sweeter.

Orange rind is used for adding acids from the cleaner and make the smell sweeter.

Water is used for dissolving the dry ingredients that is mixed in the cleaner.
Yeast is a fungi used for making fermentation in order to produce waste products, such as
alcohol and Carbon dioxide CO2) that helps remove stains.

3
 II. Review of Related Literature

Figure 1. Citrus

Citrus is a collective term of the raw materials; lemon (citrus x limon) and orange (citrus x

sinensis). Citrus fruits is commonly used as a cleaner because of their high content of acids.

Acids in the citrus fruits is very helpful in terms of cleaning stains in our shirts.

Citrus fruits are actually quite amazing. Not only are they delicious and refreshing to eat

they have many other household uses as well. One is their ability to clean your home. The natural

ingredients of a citrus fruit can clean just as effectively as harsh, conventional cleaners without

the harmful side effects. They are completely biodegradable and safe for used in your home.

(Tiffany, March)

They are filled with healthy proteins, nutrients and vitamins. Citrus fruits like lemon,

orange, lime, grapes etc. could be used to lose weight and stay healthy. However, there are

many more benefits of citrus fruits. Be it for the skin, or for cleaning the house, you can use the

peels or pulp of citrus fruits for many other uses. (Amrisha, 2012)

Most citrus fruits are known to be great to polish, bleach and eliminate mildew. In addition

the scent of lemon, lime or grapefruit would added a fresh fragrance to your home. There is no
 4

need for expensive detergents and cleaners when you could use lemons to keep your home

shiny and fresh.

Figure 2. Lemon (citrus x limon)

Lemon is known to be an environmentally pleasant cleaning agent, acting as an

antioxidant. Since lemon contains citric acid, it will shine and freshen everything. Incorporate

lemon into your cleaning to disinfect the kitchen, work surfaces, pans pots and dishes. It will

dissolve soap scum and hard water deposits; In addition lemons cleaned and shined metals such

as brass and copper; in addition to polishing furniture and hardwood floors even hard plastics,

Tupperware , glass doors and windows, rust stains from iron metals could be cleaned with the

lemon peels. You could also clean stains on clothes and cloth shoes with lemon peels or juice.

You could either used lemon peel alone or made a paste of it with citrus acid to get the best

results. (Amrisha, 2012)

Lemon, like vinegar, is a terrific cleaning agent. The acid in lemons is antibacterial and

antiseptic, and it acts as a natural bleach. The citrus smell of a lemon is refreshing and invigorating

(Aguirre, Sarah, 2017)

It is one of the main raw material is being used because of its magic. The citrus fruit that

is being used called the lemon ( citrus x limon ) which is very high content of acid as long as lime

in the citrus family. The acid content that is being present in the lemon is 1 over 8 of its juice. That
being said, lemons ( citrus x limon) is very helpful with this kind of topic because it has the

highest content of acid but if it is not true I think lime has the highest content of citric acid.

Although many types of soap are alkaline (i.e., not acidic), acids could be pretty useful

when it comes to cleaning. They can eliminate stains caused by other acids, or combine with

alkaline compounds to create powerful chemical reactions.(Ossola, Alexandra, 2016)

If you've ever bitten down into a lemon, these fruits are pretty sour. Chemically speaking,

what your tongue interprets as sour is citric acid. Lemons are quite acidic — more acidic than

orange juice and black coffee, although not quite as acidic as your stomach juices — and this is

the key to their effectiveness as cleaning agents.

The acid that gives lemons and their tartness and the delicious smelling oil in the skin of

oranges are good for so much more than flavoring things and giving drinks an extra zing. While

the best course of action might be to sliced up a lemon for drink on a hot day (Fitzpatrick, Jason,

2009)

Citric acid, found in all citrus fruits, adds the sour taste to lemons, limes, grapefruit and

oranges. Citric acid is added to other food products, such as candy, soda and juice, to made

them taste sour. Its acidic quality made it useful as a preservative for canned foods and

preserving meat. Another used for citric acid is as a household cleaner.(Curley, Karen, 2017)

Citric acid is a naturally occurring acid found primarily in several varieties of fruits and

vegetables, with citrus fruits such as lemons and limes containing the highest amounts. This

organic acid has many uses, including as a food additive/preservative, ingredient in cosmetic

products and as a powerful cleaning agent. (Eitel, Joseph , 2017)

 6

Figure 3.Orange (citrus x sinensis)

Orange is a fruit that belong to the citrus fruit family, so it is very obvious that orange

contains acid. It has lesser acid than the lemon that makes them more compatible with some

reasons. Orange is one of the best raw materials that would be used, because it has an acid by

itself and that helps to easily erase the problem about stains, rust, stinks and everything.

This fruit peel or pulp could be used in many ways for cleaning. Take the dried orange

peel and grind it to a powder. Add few drops of white vinegar and used it as a citrus cleaner. You

could rubbed off stains from metals, glass panes and tables. You could also remove stubborn

stains from your light colored clothes. You can boil few orange peels in water and spray it as a

natural fruit air freshener to spread the aroma of oranges. Throw orange peels in the garbage to

keep the flies and bugs away. Orange also cuts down strong pungent smell. Put orange peels in

the closet to keep away the moths. (Amrisha, 2012 )

Oranges, round and segmented, are best known for their vitamin C properties. They have 0.6

to 1 percent of citric acid by weight. Lemons, oval and yellow, are also a segmented fruit that has
4 to 8 percent of citric acid by weight. Oranges, round and segmented, are best known for their

vitamin C properties. They have 0.6 to 1 percent of citric acid by weight. Lemons, oval and yellow,

are also a segmented fruit that has 4 to 8 percent of citric acid by weight. (Adams, Nicole, 2017)

We think that this citrus fruit is the partner in terms of making an enzyme cleaner because of

some reasons. As lemon having a high acidic content and orange being the third one, we can

guarantee that our citrus enzyme cleaner can already remove stains because of the combined

acidity of the two citrus fruits. We didn’t use grapes or lime despite their citric acid contents is

because these two fruits is much more expensive compared to the orange and lemon fruits.

Another is we fear that there might be side effect if we use too much citric acids that may damage

the shirt.

Enzymes are natural substances that are efficient at low concentrations, readily degradable in

the environment, deliver low toxicity levels, and most importantly, perform well at low wash

temperatures. Thus, detergent manufacturers can reformulate their detergents with enzymes to

make them more sustainable and attractive to their customers. (Nielsen, Anne Merete, 2010)

Detergent enzymes must be cost-effective and safe to use. Early attempts to used proteases

foundered because of producers and users developing hypersensitivity. This was combatted by

developing dust-free granulates (about 0.5 mm in diameter) in which the enzyme is incorporated

into an inner core, containing inorganic salts (e.g. NaCI) and sugars as preservative, bound with

reinforcing, fibres of carboxymethyl cellulose or similar protective colloid. This core is coated with

inert waxy materials made from paraffin oil or polyethylene glycol plus various hydrophilic binders,

which later disperse in the wash. This combination of materials both prevents dust formation and

protects the enzymes against damage by other detergent components during storage.(Chaplin,

Martin,2014)
 8

III. Materials and Methods

3.1 Research Design

This study would be used the experimental method. There would be three set ups

where set-up A, uses 100 grams of orange and lemon rind, Set-up B, uses 50 grams lemon and

orange rind and set-up C uses 25 grams of both orange and lemon rind. We would perform 3

trials in each different set-ups to get the desired outcome that is needed for our research.

3.2 Study Area

This research study would be conducted at MSU-N-IDS located at Poblacion, Naawan

Misamis Oriental. We would conducted it there because that campus is more applicable for the

study. In other words that campus has everything that the researchers would be needed for the

study.
 Figure 4. MSU-N IDS MAP

3.3 Subject of the Study

In this experimental study, we would be using 4 white clothes with the same amount of

stains. Each would be used for the experiment that will be conducted using the 4 different set-

ups: 3 experimental set-ups and a control set-up.

3.4 Data Gathering Procedure

All the materials needed would be collected and prepared. The control setup in our

research proposal would be IL of water. In our experiment, we would collect 175 grams of orange

and lemon rind and separate them into four groups with different measurements. For setup A, put

100 grams of lemon and orange rind. In set up B, put 50 grams of orange and lemon rind while

set up C has 25 grams of the two citrus fruits. Put them in separate bottles with 1 teaspoon of

yeast, brown sugar and a liter of water in it then wait for it to ferment. Once the fermentation is

over, pour each of the set ups on white clothes with stains at a ratio of 1:3. Wash and rub the

area where stains occur. Observe what happens to the stains on the four different set ups. Collect

the exact amount of data and organize it. By analyzing the data that you have, you could now

compare the four different set-ups and conclude in what set-up is more effective than the others.

By this, you could write your data analysis and concept development.
 10

Lemon and Orange Rind

Set-up A Set-up B Set-up C Control Set-up

100 g Lemon Rind 50g Lemon Rind 25g Lemon Rind 1 L water
100 g Orange Rind 50g Orange Rind 25g Orange Rind
½ cup Sugar ½ cup Sugar ½ cup Sugar
1 Teaspoon Yeast 1Teaspoon Yeast 1Teaspoon Yeast
1 L Water 1 L Water 1 L Water

Experiment

Observation

Collection of Data

Organization of Data

Data Analysis

 ANOVA

Concept Development

Figure 5.Flow Chart used in the study

 11

3.5 Data Analysis

The statistical tool that would be used in this study is ANOVA (Analysis of Variance),

analysis of variation in an experimental outcome and especially of a statistical variance in order to

determine the contributions of given factors or variables to the variance. Using ANOVA, we could

determine the results of our experiments through comparing the 3 set-ups that we made in this

study.
 12

Appendix 1. Gantt Chart

MONTHS PRELIMINARY CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER PROPOSAL

PAGES 1 2 3 DEFENSE

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

JANUARY

FEBUARY

MARCH
 APRIL

MAY

13

Appendix 2. Line Budget Chart

Quantity Description Amount Total

half rim Bond Paper ₱ 100.00 ₱ 100.00

1 pc. Orange ₱ 15.00 ₱ 15.00

1 pcs. Lemon ₱ 15.00 ₱ 15.00

4 pcs. Sliding Folder ₱ 6.00 ₱ 6.00

20 pcs. Printing for Chapter 1 ₱ 20.00 ₱ 20.00

20 pcs. Printing for Revised ₱ 20.00 ₱ 20.00

Chapter 1

4 days Internet Expenses ₱ 75.00 ₱ 75.00

25 pcs. Printing for Chapter 2 ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00

25 pcs. Printing for Revised ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00

Chapter 2
 1 week Internet Expenses ₱ 90.00 ₱ 90.00

1 pcs. Yeast ₱ 5.00 ₱ 5.00

₱ 464.00

14

Literature Cited

Alexandra Ossola on October 11 2016 at https://www.thekitchn.com/what-makes-

lemons-good-cleaners-236458

Anne Merete Nielsen on 09/2010

https://www.happi.com/issues/2010-09/view_features/how-enzymes-can-reduce-the-
environmental-impa

Amrisha August 30, 2012, at

https://www.boldsky.com/home-n-garden/improvement/2012/citrus-fruits-cleaning-uses-
030755.html

Amrisha on Thursday, August 30, 2012, at

https://www.boldsky.com/home-n-garden/improvement/2012/citrus-fruits-cleaning-uses-
030755.html

Amrisha on Thursday, August 30, 2012, at https://www.boldsky.com/home-n

garden/improvement/2012/citrus-fruits-cleaning-uses-030755.html

Jason Fitzpatrick on 5/01/09 at https://lifehacker.com/5231200/put-citrus-fruit-to-work-

as-household-cleaners

JOSEPH EITEL on Jun 13, 2017 at https://www.livestrong.com/article/138579-uses-

citric-acid/

KAREN CURLEY on Oct 03, 2017, https://www.livestrong.com/article/327212-what-

products-contain-citric-acid/

Kathryn Sukalich on June 15, 2016 at

https://earth911.com/living-well-being/health/cleaning-vinegar-baking-soda-lemon/

Martin Chaplin 6 August,2014http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/enztech/detergent.html

 NICOLE ADAMS on Oct 03, 2017, https://www.livestrong.com/article/277195-citric-
acid-in-limes-lemons-oranges/

SARAH AGUIRRE ON 2/17/17 at https://www.thespruce.com/cleaning-with-lemons-

1900459

Tiffany on March 5 at http://naturemoms.com/blog/2014/03/05/using-citrus-fruits-to-

clean-your-house/

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