Transformer

Table Of Contents

01 Introduction 02 Structure

03 Construction 04 Types

05 Uses 06 Advantages
 Introduction

❏ A transformer is a device that changes AC

electric power at one voltage level to AC
electric power at another voltage level
through the action of a magnetic field.
❏ There are two or more stationary electric
circuits that are coupled magnetically.
 Introduction

❏ It involves interchange of electric energy

between two or more electric systems.
❏ Transformers provide much needed
capability of changing the voltage and
current levels easily.
 Structure of a Transformer

● A transformer consists of a magnetic circuit,

called the core.
● The core has two windings through which
current flows, the primary winding and the
secondary winding.
● When an alternating voltage is applied to
the primary winding, an alternating current
begins to flow through the primary winding.
 Structure of a Transformer

● This alternating current generates a

magnetic field in the winding, which
changes its strength and frequency with
the alternating current source.
● The magnetic flux of the transformer
changes with the frequency of the AC
voltage.
 Construction of a Transformer
● A transformer consists of two inductive windings and a
laminated steel core.
● The coils are insulated from each other as well as from
the steel core.
● A transformer may also consist of a container for winding
and core assembly (called as tank), suitable bushings to
take our the terminals, oil conservator to provide oil in
the transformer tank for cooling purposes etc.
● In all types of transformers, core is constructed by
assembling laminated sheets of steel, with minimum
air-gap between them.
 Construction of a Transformer

● The steel used is having high silicon content and

sometimes heat treated, to provide high permeability and
low hysteresis loss.
● Laminated sheets of steel are used to reduce eddy current
loss.
● The sheets are cut in the shape as E,I and L.
● To avoid high reluctance at joints, laminations are stacked
by alternating the sides of joint.
● That is, if joints of first sheet assembly are at front face,
the joints of following assemble are kept at back face.
Types of Transformers
Transformer

Step Up Step Down

In step up In step down
transformers number transformers number
of turns of primary of turns of primary
are less as compared are more as compared
to number of turns of to number of turns of
secondary windings. secondary windings.
 Uses of Transformer
● Transformers can be used to change the
voltage and current in an electrical circuit
or to change the impedance of a circuit.
● Transformers are used in a variety of
applications, including power generation,
transmission and distribution, lighting,
audio systems, and electronic equipment.
 Advantages of Transformer

● Isolation and Productivity

● Power Transmission and Distribution
● Stepping Voltage and Current Up and
Down
● Efficiency in Terms of Costs.
● Wide Range of Applications
● Multiple Taps