Adder and Subtractor

Dr. Ala Altaweel

Slides were adopted and modified, with many thanks, from previous
versions belong to:
Prof. Ibrahim Kamel
 example: binary adder
Design a circuit that adds two n-bit binary
numbers
0 0
0 1
Add two 5-bit
-- -- numbers:
0 1 1 1
1 1 01001
0 1 +11010
-- ---- --------------
1 10 1 0 0 0 11

carry
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 Binary add/subtract
we can follow the same steps as before:
l step 1: specification

- 2n inputs
- n+1 outputs
- truth table
l step 2: simplification
l step 3: implementation

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 Binary add/subtract
we will take another approach
- bottom-up approach
- building circuit in blocks

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 Designing a Full Adder using Half Adder

Half adder Full adder

1 1 1
1 1
1
---- ----
1
10 10
----
10 1
----

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 smallest block: half-adder
l circuit that adds two bits (half-adder)
l 2 inputs (x and y) and 2 outputs (Sum and
Carry)

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 half-adder
l step 1: specification
l step 2: simplification
- S = x'y + xy'
- C = xy

l step 3: implementation

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 Full-adder: one step up

l 3 inputs (two bits

and carry)
l 2 outputs: sum
and carry

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 Designing 1-bit full adder

l K-Maps:

S = A’B’ Cin + A’BCin’+AB’Cin’+ABCin

Cout = ACin + BCin + AB
S = A’(B’Cin + BCin’)+A(B’Cin’+BCin)
S = A’(B Å Cin)+A(B Å Cin)’
S = A Å B Å Cin
 Designing 1-bit full adder
l Logic Diagram:
 4-bit binary adder: one step up
l adds two 4-bit binary numbers (add an input
carry)
l K-map design: 9 inputs ... too much

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 4-bit binary adder: one step up
l adds two 4-bit binary numbers (add an input
carry) 1001
l using four full adders: + 1011
--------------

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 example: binary subtractor
l subtracts two n-bit binary numbers
l how many inputs? outputs?
7 0111 0111 1's complement
- 5 - 0101 +1010 of 0101
------ --------- + 1
--------- 2's complement
10010 of 0101
7 0111 0111
- 9 -1001 + 0110
2's complement
------ --------- + 1
of 1001
---------
01110
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 example: binary subtractor
A – B = A + (1's complement of B) + 1

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