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    The document summarizes the internal structure of the Earth in three main layers. The crust is the outermost layer and varies in thickness between 5-20 miles. Below the crust is the mantle, which makes up 80% of the Earth's volume and is semi-molten, allowing convection currents. Within the mantle is the liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and the solid inner core made of iron and nickel.

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    The document summarizes the internal structure of the Earth in three main layers. The crust is the outermost layer and varies in thickness between 5-20 miles. Below the crust is the mantle, which makes up 80% of the Earth's volume and is semi-molten, allowing convection currents. Within the mantle is the liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and the solid inner core made of iron and nickel.

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    5 views2 pages

    Earth Science 2

    Uploaded by

    serxndipity
    The document summarizes the internal structure of the Earth in three main layers. The crust is the outermost layer and varies in thickness between 5-20 miles. Below the crust is the mantle, which makes up 80% of the Earth's volume and is semi-molten, allowing convection currents. Within the mantle is the liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and the solid inner core made of iron and nickel.

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    of 2

    INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

    Earth Science 10 - First Quarter

    CRUST ● made up of silicon, iron, oxygen,


    magnesium
    ● outermost layer
    ● temperature and pressure
    ● thinnest layer
    increases with depth
    ● extend from the surface to about
    ● where convection takes place
    32 km below; underneath its
    ● where volcanic materials come
    thickness is 72 km
    from
    ● gets deeper as it gets older
    ● lower part contains more iron
    ● 5 miles thick under the ocean than the upper part
    and averaging 20 miles under ● pressure makes mantle flow
    the continents ● this flow is called “mantle
    Types of Crust convection,” the convection
    currents are responsible for
    Oceanic Crust (Sima) plate movement
    ● 7-10 km thick; 8 km average
    ● made of basalt (dense rock)
    Characteristics of Mantle
    ● young (under 200 million yrs)
    ● parts are semi-molten
    ● thinner than continental crust
    ● 1,800 miles thick
    ● dense and heavy (will sink)
    ● always created or destroyed ● mantle rock is denser than
    Continental Crust (Sial) crustal rock
    ● old ● flows in sluggish current
    ● light (less dense) ● between crust and outer core
    ● thick (up to 150 km under
    mountains; 35 - 40 km thick) LITHOSPHERE
    ● permanent, does not sink ● relatively cool outermost rigid
    ● made up of silicon, oxygen, shell formed by the crust and
    aluminum, potassium, sodium upper mantle
    calcium ● made up of solid rock
    ● made of granite rocks
    ASTHENOSPHERE
    Theory of Isostasy ● part of the upper mantle located
    ● state of balance below the crust
    ● state of gravitational ● made of hot molten material
    equilibrium between earth's ● temperature: 30-800°C
    crust and mantle such that ● temperature is enough to
    the crust "floats" at an facilitate melting & make it
    elevation that depends on its capable to flow
    thickness and density ● semi-liquid zone in the upper
    mantle
    ● the plates of lithosphere tend to
    MANTLE float or flow here
    ● thickest part
    ● 80% of earth’s volume (makes up
    most of earth’s total volume)
    ● 68% of earth’s mass
    INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
    Earth Science 10 - First Quarter

    OUTER CORE INNER CORE


    ● dense liquid molten rock ● made of solid iron and nickel
    ● made of iron, nickel, and small ● extreme temperature could have
    amount of silicon melted it but pressure freezing
    ● between mantle and inner core keeps it solid
    ● gives earth its magnetic field ● radius: 1,300 km
    ● 2,900 km below earth’s surface ● temperature: 5,000°C
    ● thickness: 1,400 miles (2,250 km) ● 3,200 to 3,960 miles below the
    ● radius: 1,540 miles surface
    ● temperature: 3,700°C

    ADDITIONAL NOTES
    ● crust vary in thickness
    ● earthquake waves can tell us the
    properties of earth’s interior

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