History of Western Society Concise

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1. What was Pontius Pilate's main objective?
A) Crushing all religious challenges to Judaism
B) Suppressing the Jews
C) Reforming the provincial administration
D) Maintaining law and order

2. What is the premise of the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil?

A) It provides a mythological account of the founding of Rome.
B) It documents the defeat of Roman legions in Teutoburger Forest.
C) It traces the genealogy of Jupiter, chief god of the Romans and analogue of the
Greek god Zeus.
D) It describes Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul.

3. What was the worst defect of the Augustan settlement?

A) The use of slaves in the bureaucracy
B) The army's ability to interfere in politics
C) The establishment of a monarchical form of government
D) The suppression of Christianity

4. What was the most important source of information on the life of Jesus?
A) A biography written by Paul of Tarsus
B) Roman census records
C) Oral tradition of early Christianity
D) Four Gospels of the New Testament

5. Which of the following describes the structure of Augustus's settlement?

A) The emperor served at the pleasure of the Senate, which retained full authority over
the military and the city of Rome.
B) Authority was balanced between the emperor, who controlled the military, and the
Senate, which controlled the civil bureaucracy.
C) The emperor held all executive authority over the civil government and the military
leadership, while the Senate remained a prestigious advisory body.
D) The Senate held authority over Rome and its close Italian allies, while the emperor
had authority over the imperial lands outside of Italy.

6. The early followers of Jesus, before the conversion of Paul of Tarsus, were mostly
A) Gentiles.
B) Essenes.
C) Jews.
D) Phoenicians.

Page 1
 7. Before Augustus, the term imperator
A) originally meant "emperor."
B) was an honorific for a victorious general.
C) referred to the chief officer of the Senate.
D) meant "ruler of the East."

8. Augustus encouraged the cult of Roma et Augustus

A) to attempt to erase Judaism from Palestine.
B) to unify the Senate under his rule.
C) to increase the donations to his personal cult.
D) to create a spiritual bond between the provinces and Rome.

9. Which of the following characterizes the relationship between Romans in provincial

towns and the people they ruled over?
A) The Romans required local peoples to fully adopt Roman religion, culture, and
lifestyles, including food and clothing.
B) The Romans forbade conquered peoples from adopting any aspect of Roman
culture or religion, believing that Roman values would be degraded by such an act.
C) The Romans only permitted those local peoples who became Roman citizens to
worship Roman deities and participate in civic festivals.
D) The Romans did not force their adaptable culture on local peoples but allowed
local peoples to adopt the aspects of Roman culture that they found appealing.

10. Roman poetry and prose during the "golden age" was characterized by which of the
following?
A) Focus on the divine
B) Celebration of the dignity of humanity
C) Advocacy of a life of austerity and hardship
D) Criticism of mankind

11. What is the main theme of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita?

A) The disastrous impact of Christianity
B) The greatness of the republic
C) The usurpation of the republic by Augustus
D) The beauty and fulfillment of rural life

Page 2
12. Who were the Zealots?
A) Christians who believed that Jesus was the Messiah
B) Jews who wanted to expel the Romans from Judea
C) Followers of a new mystery religion
D) Followers of Asclepius

13. How did Augustus seek to promote childbearing?

A) A cash reward was paid to the husband for every child born to his wife.
B) After the birth of a fourth child, a husband was released from all military service.
C) Women were provided with a house servant for one year after the birth of each
child.
D) Free women were released from male guardianship if they gave birth to a certain
number of children.

14. Paul of Tarsus believed that

A) Christ's teachings should be proclaimed to all.
B) Christianity should be used to defeat Rome.
C) Christ's message applied only to Jews.
D) Christians should avoid contact with pagans.

15. After the death of Nero, which Flavian Roman emperor appointed his son Titus to
command Roman forces in Judea, in order to put down a revolt among the Jews?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Vespasian
C) Nerva
D) Trajan

16. The bureaucracy created by the emperor Claudius was made up of

A) ex-officers and soldiers of the army.
B) professional administrators.
C) Greek immigrants.
D) patricians.

17. During the age of the five good emperors, the Roman army was
A) a source of economic stability and Romanization.
B) the cause of ongoing political unrest in the provinces.
C) composed of citizen-soldiers from Italy, with Roman officers.
D) greatly reduced in size and political influence.

Page 3
18. How did Vespasian transform the political system?
A) He turned the political system into a military dictatorship in which leading generals
served as his chief advisors.
B) He restored powers to the Senate in an effort to contain the growing authority of
the military.
C) He transformed the system into an open and admitted monarchy and expanded his
power by increasing the size of the bureaucracy.
D) He expanded the size of the military in order to undermine efforts by the
bureaucracy, under Senate control, to seize control over the imperial system.

19. Why did the emperor's power increase during the era of the five good emperors?
A) The expansion of the military required a single source of authority, which only the
emperor could provide.
B) The people of Rome demanded that one figure be placed in a position to protect
their interests, whom they could hold accountable for failure.
C) The five emperors were capable and efficient administrators, and the easiest way to
manage the empire was to expand their authority.
D) The imperial lands were held as personal property of the emperor, giving him a
decisive advantage over all political rivals.

20. Hadrian's reforms were designed to deal with

A) the problem of barbarian invasions.
B) the organization of the imperial bureaucracy.
C) the spread of Christianity.
D) the spread of prostitution.

21. Following the death of Marcus Aurelius, the empire

A) entered into a long period of fighting and misrule.
B) underwent a cultural and intellectual renaissance.
C) was ruled by a series of competent and resourceful leaders.
D) collapsed entirely and succumbed to barbarian rule.

22. Why did non-Christians distrust Christianity?

A) Christians' refusal to participate in public rituals linked to the good of the state led
non-Christians to question their loyalty to Rome.
B) Christianity preached a message of peace that contradicted the military foundations
of the Roman Empire.
C) The rejection of slavery by Christians challenged the economic foundations of the
Roman economy.
D) The aggressiveness and public visibility with which early Christians practiced their
faith led many to see Christianity as a subversive force.

Page 4
23. How did Roman rule in Asia Minor differ from that in northern Europe?
A) In northern Europe, the villa or country estate was the primary unit of political life,
while in Asia Minor, it was the city.
B) In northern Europe, clans controlled local politics under the umbrella of Roman
authority, while in Asia Minor, the Romans ruled directly.
C) In Asia Minor, local princes were retained as symbols of authority to quell any
local uprisings, while in northern Europe, the Romans ruled directly.
D) In Asia Minor, the mountainous terrain made it impossible for the Romans to
dominate the landscape, so they settled for controlling the sea coasts and a few
major cities.

24. What was the population of the city of Rome during the golden age?
A) Between 100,000 and 250,000
B) Two million
C) Between three million and four million
D) Nearly one million

25. What type of slave was most likely to be given freedom?

A) Slaves trained in skilled crafts
B) Household slaves
C) Military slaves
D) Gladiatorial slaves

26. In general, the relationship between Christians and Rome was characterized by
A) phases of toleration, with sporadic outbursts of persecution.
B) unrelenting persecution until the late fourth century.
C) mutual respect and toleration.
D) the failure of the Romans to distinguish between Judaism and Christianity.

27. Around the first century C.E., which of the following was a prediction associated with
the Jewish tradition of militant apocalypticism?
A) The Messiah would soon overthrow the Jewish tradition of law found in the Torah
and establish a new worship of God based on faith.
B) The Jewish state would be destroyed by the Roman legions but then reformed as a
heavenly empire in the next world.
C) The Messiah would soon return, destroy the Roman legions, and bring happiness
and plenty to the Jews.
D) The Messiah would arrive as a spiritual teacher and lead the true believers into the
desert so that they would be saved from the coming wars.

Page 5
28. What belief did the Roman Empire and early Christianity share?
A) Both believed that the state must be a religious entity.
B) Both believed that there must be only one religious system to which all must
adhere.
C) Both believed that political authorities must be submissive to religious authorities.
D) Both believed themselves participants in a universal enterprise.

29. Which of the following was true of the Roman government under Augustus?
A) It had the appearance of a republic.
B) It was dominated by rival warlords.
C) It divided power between the Senate, Augustus, and the people.
D) It was an avowed monarchy.

30. What does British historian Edward Gibbon's term "pax Romana" mean?
A) The Scourge of Rome
B) The Peace of Rome
C) The Age of Rome
D) The Growth of Rome

31. Which of the following was true of Jesus's teachings?

A) His teachings constituted a rejection of Judaism.
B) His teachings were based on Hebrew scriptures.
C) His teachings were entirely new and original.
D) His teachings were consistent with Jewish orthodoxy in every way.

32. The Roman official Pontius Pilate

A) was Jewish.
B) was sympathetic to Jesus's message.
C) sought to stamp out all non-Roman religions.
D) knew little of Jesus's teachings.

33. What emperor established colonies of Roman military veterans?

A) Hadrian
B) Trajan
C) Caligula
D) Augustus

Page 6
34. In Evaluating the Evidence 6.2: Ovid, The Art of Love, Ovid states that "Hunters know
where to spread their nets for the stag in his covert, Hunters know where the boar
gnashes his teeth in the glade." What is his goal in this passage?
A) To instruct the reader on conducting business by comparing it to hunting
B) To instruct the reader on pursuing a lover by comparing it to hunting
C) To compare the skills of hunting stags and boars
D) To compare political skills to hunting

35. "Look, the bull, shining under the rough plough, falls to the ground . . . and releases his
dying groan. Sadly moves the ploughman, unharnessing the young steer grieving for the
death of his brother." This quote from Georgics is the work of which golden age poet?
A) Ovid
B) Horace
C) Virgil
D) Pliny

36. "Take heed not to be transformed into a Caesar. . . . Keep yourself therefore simple,
good, pure, grave, unaffected, the friend of justice, religious, kind, affectionate, strong
for your proper work." What emperor extols this advice in his collection Meditations?
A) Augustus
B) Vespasian
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Titus

Page 7
37. According to Map 6.1: Roman Expansion Under the Empire, 44 B.C.E.–180 C.E., what
part of the Roman Empire was conquered in 4 C.E. and lost in 9 C.E.?

A) Dacia
B) Germania
C) Lycia
D) Armenia

38. Map 6.2: Production and Trade in the Pax Romana, ca. 27 B.C.E.–180 C.E. illustrates
Rome's massive trade routes and roads, which facilitated what movement during the
principate?

A) The arts
B) Migration
C) Democracy
D) Christianity

Page 8
39. Refer to Map 6.1: Roman Expansion Under the Empire, 44 B.C.E.–180 C.E. With the
loss of territory in Caledonia in 105 C.E., what emperor would build a massive wall
from the Irish Sea to the North Sea to protect Roman interests?

A) Nero
B) Hadrian
C) Titus
D) Vespasian

40. "You, Roman, remember—these are your arts:

To rule nations, and to impose the ways of peace,
To spare the humble and to conquer the proud."
What Roman writer defined the mission of Rome in these terms?
A) Quintilian
B) Ovid
C) Virgil
D) Horace

41. "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and
where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where
neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal." Who
offered this advice?
A) Horace
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Virgil
D) Jesus

Page 9
42. In the aftermath of the civil wars that brought him to power, what was Augustus's first
and perhaps most important challenge?
A) To dismantle the Senate
B) To defeat rebellious generals
C) To fend off challenges to Roman rule in the east
D) To reconstruct the institutions and organs of government

43. The army that Augustus created was

A) loyal to him as a person.
B) loyal to him as head of the state.
C) weak and disorganized.
D) unable to sustain itself after his demise.

44. Which of the following policies was put into place by Augustus?
A) Adultery was made a crime.
B) Slavery was abolished in the city of Rome.
C) Christianity was outlawed.
D) All Roman men were required to perform military service.

45. Who did Augustus name as his heir?

A) Nero
B) Tiberius
C) Caligula
D) Claudius

46. What were the Praetorians?

A) An elite group of Senators
B) An imperial bodyguard
C) Members of a religious cult
D) A group of poets and playwrights

47. Under Augustus, Rome

A) was officially transformed into an monarchy.
B) remained officially a republic.
C) became increasingly politically decentralized.
D) experienced a prolonged economic downturn.

Page 10
48. According to Quintilian, what was the most important skill for an elite Roman man to
master?
A) Good manners
B) Dissimilation
C) Public speaking
D) Hand-to-hand combat

49. The most important medical researcher and physician working in imperial Rome was
A) Ovid.
B) Paracelsus.
C) Galen.
D) Hippocrates.

50. The Parthians served as a link between Rome and

A) Britain.
B) Spain.
C) Egypt.
D) China.

Page 11
Answer Key
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. C
19. C
20. B
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. D
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. B
32. D
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. C
37. B
38. D
39. B
40. C
41. D
42. D
43. A
44. A

Page 12
45. B
46. B
47. B
48. C
49. C
50. D

Page 13
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Life and
times of Frederick Douglass
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Life and times of Frederick Douglass

His early life as a slave, his escape from bondage, and
his complete history

Author: Frederick Douglass

Author of introduction, etc.: George L. Ruffin

Release date: October 16, 2023 [eBook #71893]

Most recently updated: December 22, 2023

Language: English

Original publication: United States: Park Publishing Co, 1881

Credits: Emmanuel Ackerman, Charlie Howard, and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE AND

TIMES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS ***
 Transcriber’s Note
Larger versions of most illustrations may be seen by right-
clicking them and selecting an option to view them separately,
or by double-tapping and/or stretching them.
New original cover art included with this eBook is granted
to the public domain. It includes an illustration taken from the
original book.
Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.
Engd. by Augustus Robin. N.Y.
Fred k. Douglass.
 LIFE AND TIMES
OF

FREDERICK DOUGLASS,

Written by Himself.
HIS EARLY LIFE AS A SLAVE, HIS ESCAPE FROM BONDAGE,
AND HIS COMPLETE HISTORY
TO THE
PRESENT TIME
INCLUDING HIS CONNECTION WITH THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT; HIS LABORS IN GREAT
BRITAIN AS WELL AS IN HIS OWN COUNTRY; HIS EXPERIENCE IN THE CONDUCT OF
AN INFLUENTIAL NEWSPAPER; HIS CONNECTION WITH THE UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD; HIS RELATIONS WITH JOHN BROWN AND THE HARPER’S
FERRY RAID; HIS RECRUITING THE 54th AND 55th MASS.
COLORED REGIMENTS; HIS INTERVIEWS WITH
PRESIDENTS LINCOLN AND JOHNSON;
HIS APPOINTMENT BY GEN. GRANT TO ACCOMPANY THE SANTO DOMINGO COMMISSION; ALSO
TO A SEAT IN THE COUNCIL OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA; HIS APPOINTMENT AS
UNITED STATES MARSHAL BY PRESIDENT R. B. HAYES; ALSO HIS APPOINTMENT
BY PRESIDENT J. A. GARFIELD TO BE RECORDER OF DEEDS IN
WASHINGTON; WITH MANY OTHER INTERESTING AND
IMPORTANT EVENTS OF HIS MOST
EVENTFUL LIFE;

WITH AN INTRODUCTION,
By Mr. GEORGE L. RUFFIN,
OF BOSTON.
 HARTFORD, CONN.:
PARK PUBLISHING CO.
GEO. M. REWELL & CO., Cleveland, Ohio; J. S. GOODMAN & CO., Chicago, Ill.;
SUN PUBLISHING CO., St. Louis, Mo.; PHILLIPS & HUNT,
San Francisco, Cal.

1882
 COPYRIGHTED BY
Park Publishing Co.,
1881.
 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
AUTHOR’S BIRTH.

Author’s place of birth—​Description of country—​Its

inhabitants—​Genealogical trees—​Method of counting time
in slave districts—​Date of author’s birth—​Names of
grandparents—​Their cabin—​Home with them—​Slave
practice of separating mothers from their children—​
Author’s recollections of his mother—​Who was his father? 25

CHAPTER II.
REMOVAL FROM GRANDMOTHER’S.

Author’s early home—​Its charms—​Author’s ignorance of “old

master”—​His gradual perception of the truth concerning
him—​His relations to Col. Edward Lloyd—​Author’s
removal to “old master’s” home—​His journey thence—​His
separation from his grandmother—​His grief 28

CHAPTER III.
TROUBLES OF CHILDHOOD.

Col. Lloyd’s plantation—​Aunt Katy—​Her cruelty and ill-nature 33

—​Capt. Anthony’s partiality to Aunt Katy—​Allowance of
food—​Author’s hunger—​Unexpected rescue by his mother
 —​The reproof of Aunt Katy—​Sleep—​A slave-mother’s
love—​Author’s inheritance—​His mother’s acquirements—​
Her death

CHAPTER IV.
A GENERAL SURVEY OF THE SLAVE PLANTATION.

Home plantation of Colonel Lloyd—​Its isolation—​Its industries

—​The slave rule—​Power of overseers—​Author finds
some enjoyment—​Natural scenery—​Sloop “Sally Lloyd”—​
Wind mill—​Slave quarter—​“Old master’s” house—​Stables,
store houses, etc., etc.—​The great house—​Its
surroundings—​Lloyd Burial-place—​Superstition of slaves
—​Colonel Lloyd’s wealth—​Negro politeness—​Doctor
Copper—​Captain Anthony—​His family—​Master Daniel
Lloyd—​His brothers—​Social etiquette 39

CHAPTER V.
A SLAVEHOLDER’S CHARACTER.

Increasing acquaintance with old master—​Evils of unresisted

passion—​Apparent tenderness—​A man of trouble—​
Custom of muttering to himself—​Brutal outrage—​A
drunken overseer—​Slaveholder’s impatience—​Wisdom of
appeal—​A base and selfish attempt to break up a
courtship 48

CHAPTER VI.
A CHILD’S REASONING.

The author’s early reflections on slavery—​Aunt Jennie and 53

Uncle Noah—​Presentiment of one day becoming a
freeman—​Conflict between an overseer and a slave
 woman—​Advantage of resistance—​Death of an overseer
—​Col. Lloyd’s plantation home—​Monthly distribution of
food—​Singing of slaves—​An explanation—​The slaves’
food and clothing—​Naked children—​Life in the quarter—​
Sleeping places—​not beds—​Deprivation of sleep—​Care
of nursing babies—​Ash cake—​Contrast

CHAPTER VII.
LUXURIES AT THE GREAT HOUSE.

Contrasts—​Great House luxuries—​Its hospitality—​

Entertainments—​Fault-finding—​Shameful humiliation of
an old and faithful coachman—​William Wilks—​Curious
incident—​Expressed satisfaction not always genuine—​
Reasons for suppressing the truth 61

CHAPTER VIII.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERSEERS.

Austin Gore—​Sketch of his character—​Overseers as a class

—​Their peculiar characteristics—​The marked individuality
of Austin Gore—​His sense of duty—​Murder of poor Denby
—​Sensation—​How Gore made his peace with Col. Lloyd
—​Other horrible murders—​No laws for the protection of
slaves possible of being enforced 71

CHAPTER IX.
CHANGE OF LOCATION.

Miss Lucretia—​Her kindness—​How it was manifested—​ 78

“Ike”—​A battle with him—​Miss Lucretia’s balsam—​Bread
—​How it was obtained—​Gleams of sunset amidst the
general darkness—​Suffering from cold—​How we took our
 meal mush—​Preparations for going to Baltimore—​Delight
at the change—​Cousin Tom’s opinion of Baltimore—​
Arrival there—​Kind reception—​Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Auld—​
Their son Tommy—​My relations to them—​My duties—​A
turning-point in my life

CHAPTER X.
LEARNING TO READ.

City annoyances—​Plantation regrets—​My mistress—​Her

history—​Her kindness—​My master—​His sourness—​My
comforts—​Increased sensitiveness—​My occupation—​
Learning to read—​Baneful effects of slaveholding on my
dear, good mistress—​Mr. Hugh forbids Mrs. Sophia to
teach me further—​Clouds gather on my bright prospects—​
Master Auld’s exposition of the Philosophy of Slavery—​
City slaves—​Country slaves—​Contrasts—​Exceptions—​
Mr. Hamilton’s two slaves—​Mrs. Hamilton’s cruel
treatment of them—​Piteous aspect presented by them—​
No power to come between the slave and slaveholder 85

CHAPTER XI.
GROWING IN KNOWLEDGE.

My mistress—​Her slaveholding duties—​Their effects on her 92

originally noble nature—​The conflict in her mind—​She
opposes my learning to read—​Too late—​She had given
me the “inch,” I was resolved to take the “ell”—​How I
pursued my study to read—​My tutors—​What progress I
made—​Slavery—​What I heard said about it—​Thirteen
years old—​Columbian orator—​Dialogue—​Speeches—​
Sheridan—​Pitt—​Lords Chatham and Fox—​Knowledge
increasing—​Liberty—​Singing—​Sadness—​Unhappiness of
 Mrs. Sophia—​My hatred of slavery—​One Upas tree
overshadows us all

CHAPTER XII.
RELIGIOUS NATURE AWAKENED.

Abolitionists spoken of—​Eagerness to know the meaning of

the word—​Consults the dictionary—​Incendiary information
—​The enigma solved—​“Nat Turner” insurrection—​Cholera
—​Religion—​Methodist Minister—​Religious impressions—​
Father Lawson—​His character and occupation—​His
influence over me—​Our mutual attachment—​New hopes
and aspirations—​Heavenly light—​Two Irishmen on wharf
—​Conversation with them—​Learning to write—​My aims 100

CHAPTER XIII.
THE VICISSITUDES OF SLAVE LIFE.

Death of old Master’s son Richard, speedily followed by that

of old Master—​Valuation and division of all the property,
including the slaves—​Sent for to come to Hillsborough to
be valued and divided—​Sad prospects and grief—​Parting
—​Slaves have no voice in deciding their own destinies—​
General dread of falling into Master Andrew’s hands—​His
drunkenness—​Good fortune in falling to Miss Lucretia—​
She allows my return to Baltimore—​Joy at Master Hugh’s
—​Death of Miss Lucretia—​Master Thomas Auld’s second
marriage—​The new wife unlike the old—​Again removed
from Master Hugh’s—​Reasons for regret—​Plan of escape 107

CHAPTER XIV.
EXPERIENCE IN ST. MICHAELS.
St. Michaels and its inhabitants—​Capt. Auld—​His new wife—​ 116
Sufferings from hunger—​Forced to steal—​Argument in
vindication thereof—​Southern camp-meeting—​What Capt.
Auld did there—​Hopes—​Suspicions—​The result—​Faith
and works at variance—​Position in the church—​Poor
Cousin Henny—​Methodist preachers—​Their disregard of
the slaves—​One exception—​Sabbath-school—​How and
by whom broken up—​Sad change in my prospects—​
Covey, the negro-breaker

CHAPTER XV.
COVEY, THE NEGRO BREAKER.

Journey to Covey’s—​Meditations by the way—​Covey’s house

—​Family—​Awkwardness as a field hand—​A cruel beating
—​Why given—​Description of Covey—​First attempt at
driving oxen—​Hair-breadth escape—​Ox and man alike
property—​Hard labor more effective than the whip for
breaking down the spirit—​Cunning and trickery of Covey
—​Family worship—​Shocking and indecent contempt for
chastity—​Great mental agitation—​Anguish beyond
description 129

CHAPTER XVI.
ANOTHER PRESSURE OF THE TYRANT’S VICE.

Experience at Covey’s summed up—​First six months severer

than the remaining six—​Preliminaries to the change—​
Reasons for narrating the circumstances—​Scene in the
treading-yard—​Author taken ill—​Escapes to St. Michaels
—​The pursuit—​Suffering in the woods—​Talk with Master
Thomas—​His beating—​Driven back to Covey’s—​The
slaves never sick—​Natural to expect them to feign
sickness—​Laziness of slaveholders 142
 CHAPTER XVII.
THE LAST FLOGGING.

A sleepless night—​Return to Covey’s—​Punished by him—​

The chase defeated—​Vengeance postponed—​Musings in
the woods—​The alternative—​Deplorable spectacle—​Night
in the woods—​Expected attack—​Arrested by Sandy—​A
friend, not a master—​Sandy’s hospitality—​The ash-cake
supper—​Interview with Sandy—​His advice—​Sandy a
conjuror as well as a Christian—​The magic root—​Strange
meeting with Covey—​His manner—​Covey’s Sunday face
—​Author’s defensive resolve—​The fight—​The victory, and
its results 150

CHAPTER XVIII.
NEW RELATIONS AND DUTIES.

Change of masters—​Benefits derived by change—​Fame of

the fight with Covey—​Reckless unconcern—​Author’s
abhorence of slavery—​Ability to read a cause of prejudice
—​The holidays—​How spent—​Sharp hit at slavery—​
Effects of holidays—​Difference between Covey and
Freeland—​An irreligious master preferred to a religious
one—​Hard life at Covey’s useful to the author—​Improved
condition does not bring contentment—​Congenial society
at Freeland’s—​Author’s Sabbath-school—​Secresy
necessary—​Affectionate relations of tutor and pupils—​
Confidence and friendship among slaves—​Slavery the
inviter of vengeance 164

CHAPTER XIX.
THE RUNAWAY PLOT.
New Year’s thoughts and meditations—​Again hired by 174
Freeland—​Kindness no compensation for slavery—​
Incipient steps toward escape—​Considerations leading
thereto—​Hostility to slavery—​Solemn vow taken—​Plan
divulged to slaves—​Columbian Orator again—​Scheme
gains favor—​Danger of discovery—​Skill of slaveholders—​
Suspicion and coercion—​Hymns with double meaning—​
Consultation—​Password—​Hope and fear—​Ignorance of
Geography—​Imaginary difficulties—​Patrick Henry—​Sandy
a dreamer—​Route to the north mapped out—​Objections—​
Frauds—​Passes—​Anxieties—​Fear of failure—​Strange
presentiment—​Coincidence—​Betrayal—​Arrests—​
Resistance—​Mrs. Freeland—​Prison—​Brutal jests—​
Passes eaten—​Denial—​Sandy—​Dragged behind horses
—​Slave traders—​Alone in prison—​Sent to Baltimore

CHAPTER XX.
APPRENTICESHIP LIFE.

Nothing lost in my attempt to run away—​Comrades at home

—​Reasons for sending me away—​Return to Baltimore—​
Tommy changed—​Caulking in Gardiner’s ship yard—​
Desperate fight—​Its causes—​Conflict between white and
black labor—​Outrage—​Testimony—​Master Hugh—​
Slavery in Baltimore—​My condition improves—​New
associations—​Slaveholder’s right to the slave’s wages—​
How to make a discontented slave 200

CHAPTER XXI.
ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY.

Closing incidents in my “Life as a Slave”—​Discontent—​ 212

Suspicions—​Master’s generosity—​Difficulties in the way
of escape—​Plan to obtain money—​Allowed to hire my
 time—​A gleam of hope—​Attend camp-meeting—​Anger of
Master Hugh—​The result—​Plans of escape—​Day for
departure fixed—​Harassing doubts and fears—​Painful
thoughts of separation from friends

SECOND PART.

CHAPTER I.
ESCAPE FROM SLAVERY.

Reasons for not having revealed the manner of escape—​

Nothing of romance in the method—​Danger—​Free Papers
—​Unjust tax—​Protection papers—​“Free trade and sailors’
rights”—​American eagle—​Railroad train—​Unobserving
conductor—​Capt. McGowan—​Honest German—​Fears—​
Safe arrival in Philadelphia—​Ditto in New York 220

CHAPTER II.
LIFE AS A FREEMAN.

Loneliness and insecurity—​“Allender’s Jake”—​Succored by a

sailor—​David Ruggles—​Marriage—​Steamer J. W.
Richmond—​Stage to New Bedford—​Arrival there—​
Driver’s detention of baggage—​Nathan Johnson—​Change
of Name—​Why called “Douglass”—​Obtaining Work—​The
Liberator and its Editor 228

CHAPTER III.
INTRODUCED TO THE ABOLITIONISTS.

Anti-Slavery Convention at Nantucket—​First Speech—​Much 244

Sensation—​Extraordinary Speech of Mr. Garrison—​Anti-