MBBR-BOD Removal-Nitrification-S.I.

Workbook Contents
Click on tabs at the bottom of the screen to access the following:
Tab 1. Introduction (current tab)
Tab 2. Single-Stage BOD Removal
Tab 3. Two-Stage BOD Removal
Tab 4. Two-Stage BOD Removal and Nitrification
Tab 5. Single-Stage Tertiary Nitrification
Tab 6. Derivation of Saturation DO vs T Equation
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Introduction to the MBBR worksheets in this workbook:
Four worksheets are provided to carry out basin sizing and aeration calculations for the
following MBBR processes: 1. Single-Stage BOD Removal, 2. Two-Stage BOD Removal,
3. Two-stage BOD Removal and Nitrification, and 4. Single Stage Tertiary Nitrification.
In order to achieve an adequate nitrification rate in an MBBR reactor, the BOD level in
the wastewater entering the nitrification MBBR basin must be quite low. This is the
reason for carrying out BOD removal and nitrification in separate MBBR reactors.
Basin sizing is based on a carrier surface area loading rate (SALR). For BOD removal, the
design SALR value is selected by the user based on the treatment objective (e.g. high rate
BOD removal, normal rate BOD removal, or low rate BOD removal. Typical SALR values
are provided on the worksheets. For nitrification, the design SALR is calculated from a
kinetic model based on the D.O. level to be maintained in the reactor and the target
effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration.
Note that the estimated effluent BOD concentration from each BOD removal stage is
calculated by using an estimated value for the SARR/SALR (surface area removal rate/surface area
loading rate). The estimated value for the SARR/SALR is based on an appropriate graph or table
from one of the references as shown on the worksheets.
The basin sizing calculations require values for several MBBR carrier properties: (specific
surface area in m2/m3 and % void space). Values to be used in the design calculations
should come from your carrier supplier.
The aeration/blower calculations are made for a coarse bubble diffuser system.
Coarse bubble diffusers are typically used, because they work better
with the suspended carrier media.
MBBR Process Design Calculations - S.I. units
Single-Stage Process for BOD Removal
Instructions: Enter values in blue boxes. Spreadsheet calculates values in yellow boxes
1. General Inputs
Data points for SARR/SALR vs SALR
Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 76 m3/d SALR (g/m2/d): 7.5 15.0
Prim. Effl. BOD, So = 160 mg/L SARR/SALR: 0.925 0.875
Peak Hour Factor = 4 (default values above are based on the table of typical
Min Design Temp., T = 12 o
C values of % BOD removal vs SALR at the right)
Design Value of BOD Surface Slope, SARR/SALR vs SALR: -0.007

Area Loading Rate (SALR) = 6 g/m /d 2
Intercept, SARR/SALR vs SALR: 0.975
See information on typical design Est. of SARR/SALR Ratio = 0.935
values for SALR below right. (Surf. Area Removal Rate/Surf. Area Loading Rate)
(for SALR value specified at left)
2. Calculation of Carrier Volume and Required Tank Volume & Dimensions
Inputs Liquid Depth in Tank = 2 m

Carrier Spec. Surf. Area = 500 m2/m3 Tank L:W ratio = 1.5
(value from carrier mfr/vendor) (target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular)
Design Carrier Fill % = 40% Click on green box and then on

(Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular
70%. Lower values are more conservative, Carrier % Void Space = 60%
allowing future capacity expansion or (from carrier mfr/vendor - only needed to
reduction of SALR by adding more carrier.) calculate hydraulic detention time)
Calculations
BOD Daily Loading = 12.2 kg/day Calculated Tank Volume = 10.1 m3

12160 g/day
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 2027 m2

Calculated Carrier Volume = 4.053 m3 Calculated Tank Width = 1.7 m
Calculated Tank Length = 2.5 m
Tank Liquid Volume = 8.5 m3 Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Design Average Flow = 161 min
Estimate of BOD Surface Area Peak Hourly Flow = 40 min

Removal Rate, SARR = 5.61 g/m2/d
Est. of BOD Removal Rate: 11370 g/day Calculated Effl BOD Conc.: 10 mg/L
If the calculated Effl. BOD conc. is too
high, the design value of SALR
(in cell C13) should be reduced.
3. Air Requirement
Inputs: (Values of "Rule of Thumb" Constants for Calculations - see notes at right)
O2 needed per kg BOD = 1.50 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 2.3 m

SOTE as Function of Depth = 2.50% % per m depth Normal Temperature = 0 C
o
AOTE/SOTE = 0.5 Normal Pressure = 1.000 bar

Press. Drop across Diffuser = 0.030 bar Atmospheric Pressure = 1.014 bar
(from mfr/vendor) Air Density at NTP = 1.275 kg/m3
O2 Content in Air = 0.293 kg/m3
Calculations
Oxygen Requirement = 17.1 kg/day AOTE = 2.9%

SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm /hr =
3
84.4 Nm3/hr
Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.27 bar absolute Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 65.53 m3/hr


cylindrical
rectangular
Typical Design Values for Carrier Surface Area Loading Rate (SALR):
(from References (2) below)
Estimation of SARR/SALR Ratio: Default data points for derivation of a SARR vs SALR
equation are provided for each stage. They may be replaced by values from user data if such
data is available.
Equations used for Tank Sizing
BOD Daily Loading = (Qo*So)

Carrier Surf. Area needed = BOD Daily Loading/SALR_BOD
Carrier Volume needed = Carrier Surf Area/Carrier Spec Surf Area
Required Tank Volume = Carrier Volume/Des Carrier Fill PerCent
Tank Width & Length calculated from: Tank Volume = L*W*Liquid Depth
Or, Tank Diameter calculated from: Tank Volume = (pD2/4)Liquid Depth
Tank Liquid Volume = Tank Volume-((1-Carrier PerCent Void)*Carrier Volume)

Nominal HRT at Des Ave Flow = Tank Liq Vol/(WW Flow Rate/(24*60))
Nominal HRT at Peak Hourly Flow = Hydr Det Time at Des Ave Flow/Peak Hour Factor
Estimated SARR = SALR(SARR/SALR)
Estimated BOD Removal Rate = SARR*Carrier Surf Area
Calculated Eff. BOD Conc. = (BOD Daily Loading - BOD Removal Rate)/Qo
"Rules of Thumb" for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements - Coarse Bubble Diffusers:
Source: Sanitaire, "Diffused Aeration Design Guide," available at:
http://www.xylemwatersolutions.com/scs/sweden/sv-se/produkter/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san3.pdf
1. The typical AOR/SOR (or AOTE/SOTE) is 0.50 for a coarse bubble aertion system.
(or 0.33 for a fine bubble aeration system)
2. The typical SOTE is 2.5% per meter of diffuser submergence for a coarse bubble system
(or 6.6 % per meter of diffuser submergence for a fine bubble system)
3. Air weighs 1.275 kg/m3 (at 0oC and 1 bar) and contains 23% oxygen by weight, thus:
4. Air contains 0.293 kg of oxygen/m3. (at 0oC and 1 bar)
5. For biological treatment with SRT from 5 to 10 days, kg oxygen required /kg BOD removed
is typically in the range from 0.92 - 1.1 kg O2/kg BOD. Higher SRT results in a higher value
of kg O2 required/kg BOD removed. (For a very high SRT, as is typical for an MBBR process,
this value would be about 1.5 kg O2/kg BOD removed.)
6. The oxidation of 1 kg of ammonia nitrogen typically requires 4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.
References for additional background information:
1. Odegaard, Hallvard, "Compact Wastewater Treatment with MBBR." DSD International Conference
Hong Kong, 12. 11-14-2014. http://www.dsdic2014.hk/ppt/Presentation_(B4-1).pdf
2. Odegaard, H., "The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor," in Igasrashi, T, Watanabe, Y., Asano, T. and
Tambo, N., Water Environmental Engineering and Reuse of Water, Hokkaido Press 1999, p 250-305.
http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%20Bed%20Biofilm%
3. Steichen & Phillips, H., M, Black & Veach, Process and Practical Design Considerations for
IFAS and MBBR Technologies, Headworks International Presentation, 03/18/2010
http://www.headworksinternational.com/userfiles/file/Webinar/BV_Webinar_Slides.pdf
4. McQuarrie, J.P. and Boltz, J.P., Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Technology: Process Applications,
Design and Performance, Water Environment Research, Vol 83, No. 6. June 2011.
5. Metcalf & Eddy, "Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Resource Recovery", 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, 2014
6. Bengtson, Harlan H., Spreadsheets for MBBR Process Design Calculations,

available as a paperback book and as an Amazon Kindle ebook.
7. Bengtson, Harlan H., Biological Wastewater Treatment Process Design Calculations

ving%20Bed%20Biofilm%20Reactor.pdf
cGraw-Hill, 2014
Two-Stage Process for BOD Removal
I. Wastewater Parameter Inputs
1. Parameters for Both First and Second Stage
Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 30000 m3/d Peak Hour Factor = 4

C
2. Parameters for First Stage: Data points for SARR/SALR vs SALR

SALR (g/m2/d): 7.5 25.0
Prim. Effl. BOD, So1 = 140 mg/L SARR/SALR: 0.925 0.78
(default values above are based on the table of typical
Design Value of BOD Surface values of % BOD removal vs SALR at the right)
Area Loading Rate (SALR) = 16 g/m /d2
Slope, SARR/SALR vs SALR: -0.009
See information on typical design Intercept, SARR/SALR vs SALR: 0.989
values for SALR below right. Est. of SARR/SALR Ratio = 0.852
(Surf. Area Removal Rate/Surf. Area Loading Rate)
3. Parameters for Second Stage:
Design Value of BOD Surface Est. of SARR/SALR Ratio = 0.951

Area Loading Rate (SALR) = 4.44 g/m /d2
See information on typical design
values for SALR to the right.
II. Carrier Parameter and Tank Shape Inputs for both First and Second Stages
Carrier Spec. Surf. Area = 500 m2/m3 Click on green box and then on
(value from carrier mfr/vendor) arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular
Liquid Depth in Tank = 2.4 m Carrier % Void Space = 60%
Tank L:W ratio = 1.5 (from carrier mfr/vendor - only needed to
(target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular) calculate hydraulic detention time)
III. Calculation of Carrier Volume and Required Tank Volume & Dimensions
1. First Stage Calculations (BOD Removal) (Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and 70%. Lower
values are more conservative, allowing future capacity
Design Carrier Fill % = 50% (for first stage) expansion or reduction of SALR by adding more carrier.
BOD Daily Loading = 4200.0 kg/day
4200000 g/day Calculated Tank Volume = 1050.0 m3
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 262500.0 m2
Calculated Carrier Volume = 525.000 m3 Calculated Tank Width = 17.1 m
Tank Liquid Volume = 840.0 m 3
Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Estimate of BOD Surface Area Design Average Flow = 40 min
Removal Rate, SARR = 13.63 g/m2/d Peak Hourly Flow = 10 min
Est. of BOD Removal Rate: 3579000 g/day Calculated Effl BOD Conc.: 21 mg/L
(from First Stage)
2. Second Stage Calculations (BOD Removal)
Design Carrier Fill % = 50% (for second stage)

Calculated Tank Volume = 559.5 m3
BOD Daily Loading = 621.0 kg/day Calculated Tank Width = 12.5 m
621000 g/day Calculated Tank Length = 18.7 m
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 139864.9 m2 Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Calculated Carrier Volume = 279.730 m 3
Tank Liquid Volume = 447.6 m3 Peak Hourly Flow = 5 min
Estimate of BOD Surface Area Calculated Effl BOD Conc.: 1.0 mg/L
Removal Rate, SARR = 4.22 g/m2/d (from Second Stage)
Est. of BOD Removal Rate: 590713 g/day If the calculated Effl. BOD conc. is too high for either
1st stage tank volume - stage, the design value of SALR should be reduced
- 2nd stage tank volume = 490.5 for that stage.
To make the 2nd stage tank volume the same as the first
stage tank volume, use Excel's Goal Seek process to set
cell C65 equal to zero by changing the value in cell C54.
IV. Calculation of Oxygen/Air/Blower Requirements
1. Inputs: (Values of "Rule of Thumb" Constants to be used in Calculations - See notes at right)
O2 needed per lb BOD = 1.50 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 2.3 m

SOTE as Function of Depth = 2.50% % per m depth Normal Temperature = 0 o
C
AOTE/SOTE = 0.5 Normal Pressure = 1.000 bar
Press. Drop across Diffuser = 0.030 bar Atmospheric Pressure = 1.014 bar
(from mfr/vendor) Air Density at NTP = 1.275 kg/m3
O2 Content in Air = 0.2930 kg/m3
2. First Stage Calculations:
SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr = 26554 Nm3/hr
Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.27 bar absolute Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 20629 m3/hr
3. Second Stage Calculations:
SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr = 4383 Nm3/hr
Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.3 bar absolute Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 3405 m3/hr

cylindrical
rectangular
(from References (2) below)
Estimation of SARR/SALR Ratio: Default data points for derivation of a SARR vs SALR
equation are provided for each stage. They may be replaced by values from user data if such
data is available.
(Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and

70%. Lower values are more conservative,
allowing future capacity expansion or
reduction of SALR by adding more carrier.)
Equations used for Tank Sizing (First Stage BOD Removal)
and 70%. Lower BOD Daily Loading = (Qo*So)

g future capacity Carrier Surf. Area needed = BOD Daily Loading/SALR_BOD
ding more carrier. Carrier Volume needed = Carrier Surf Area/Carrier Spec Surf Area

Estimated SARR = SALR(SARR/SALR)
Estimated BOD Removal Rate = SARR*Carrier Surf Area
Equations used for Tank Sizing (Second Stage BOD Removal)
The equations used are the same as those shown above for the First Stage BOD Removal,
Removal, except that the value for So used to calculate the BOD Daily Loading is the
Effluent BOD concentration from the First Stage.
Rules of Thumb for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements - Coarse Bubble Diffusers:

Source:
http://www.xylemwatersolutions.com/scs/sweden/sv-se/produkter/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san3.pdf
(or 0.33 for a fine bubble aeration system)
(or 6.6 % per meter of diffuser submergence for a fine bubble system)
3. Air weighs 1.275 kg/m3 (at 0oC and 1 bar) and contains 23% oxygen by weight, thus:
4. Air contains 0.2930 kg of oxygen/m3.

http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%20Bed%20Biofilm


ents/san3.pdf
ving%20Bed%20Biofilm%20Reactor.pdf
cGraw-Hill, 2014
Two-Stage Process for BOD Removal & Nitrification
I. User Inputs
1. Parameters for Both First and Second Stage
Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 76 m3/d Peak Hour Factor = 4

Prim. Effl. Alkalinity = 140 mg/L as CaCO3
2. Parameters for First Stage: Data points for SARR/SALR vs SALR

SALR (g/m2/d): 7.5
Prim. Effl. BOD, So1 = 160 mg/L SARR/SALR: 0.925
Estimated SRT, SRT1 = 20 days (default values above are based on the table of typical
Design Value of BOD Surface values of % BOD removal vs SALR in Worksheet 3)
Area Loading Rate (SALR) = 6 g/m2/d Slope, SARR/SALR vs SALR:

See information on typical design Intercept, SARR/SALR vs SALR:
values for SALR at the right. Est. of SARR/SALR Ratio =
3. Parameters for Second Stage:
Influent NH4-N Conc. = 25 mg/L Target Effl NH4-N Conc, NH4-Ne = 3.3
C Click on cell H26 and on arrow to select D.O Conc.
D.O Conc. in Reactor = 3.0
4. Preliminary Calculations - Design Nitrification SALR value
% NH4-N removal = 87% NH4-Ne @ SARRmax = 0.80

Maximum SARR = 0.88 g/m2/d SARR @ NH4-Ne, 15oC, SARR15 = 0.88
SARR @ NH4-Ne, T C, SARRT =
o
0.74
SARR Temp. Coeff, q = 1.058 Design Value for nitrification SALR = 0.86
II. Carrier Parameter and Tank Shape Inputs for both First and Second Stages
Carrier Spec. Surf. Area = 500 m2/m3 Click on green box and then on
(value from carrier mfr/vendor) arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular
Liquid Depth in Tank = 2.4 m Carrier % Void Space = 60%
Tank L:W ratio = 1.5 (from carrier mfr/vendor - only needed to
(target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular) calculate hydraulic detention time)
III. Calculation of Carrier Volume and Required Tank Volume & Dimensions
1. First Stage Calculations - BOD Removal (Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and 70%. Lower
values are more conservative, allowing future capacity
Design Carrier Fill % = 40% expansion or reduction of SALR by adding more carrier.
BOD Daily Loading = 12.2 kg/day
12160 g/day Calculated Tank Volume = 10.1
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 2026.7 m 2
Calculated Tank Width = 1.7
Calculated Tank Length = 2.5
Tank Liquid Volume = 8.5 m3 Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Design Average Flow = 161
Estimate of BOD Surface Area Peak Hourly Flow = 40
Removal Rate, SARR = 5.61 g/m /d2
Calculated Effl BOD Conc.: 10
Est. of BOD Removal Rate: 11370 g/day (from First Stage)
If the calculated Effl. BOD conc. is too high, the design value of the SALR should be reduced in cell C18.
2. Second Stage Calculations - Nitrification
Design Carrier Fill % = 44% (for second stage)

NH4-N Daily Loading = 1.9 kg/day Calculated Tank Volume = 10.1
1900 g/day Calculated Tank Width = 1.7
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 2219.5 m2 Calculated Tank Length = 2.5
Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Design Average Flow = 161
1st stage tank volume - Peak Hourly Flow = 40
- 2nd stage tank volume = 0.0
To make the 2nd stage tank volume the same as the Check on BOD, SALR: 0.36
first stage, use Excel's Goal Seek process to set cell (BOD SALR should be < 0.5 g/m2/d in order
C67 equal to zero by changing the value in cell C60. to achieve a good nitrification rate)
IV. Calculation of Oxygen/Air/Blower Requirements - BOD Removal Stage
Inputs: (Values of "Rule of Thumb" Constants for Calculations - see notes at right)
O2 needed per lb BOD = 1.50 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 2.3
SOTE as Function of Depth = 2.50% % per m depth Normal Temperature = 0
AOTE/SOTE = 0.5 Normal Pressure = 1.000
Press. Drop across Diffuser = 0.030 bar Atmospheric Pressure = 1.014
(from mfr/vendor) Air Density at NTP = 1.275
O2 Content in Air = 0.2930
Calculations

SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm /hr =
3
84.4
Blower Outlet Pressure = 1.27 bar absolute Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 65.53
V. Calculation of Oxygen/Air/Blower Requirements - Nitrification Stage
Inputs:
Std O2 transf effic, SOTE = 5.6% Des. Barom. Press., Patm = 1.014
(from diffuser mfr or vendor) (ambient pressue at site)
Diffuser Fouling Factor, F = 0.8 Ratio of D.O. saturation in WW to that in clean
Ratio of oxygen transfer rate in wastewater water at same T & P, B = 1.0
to that in clean water, a = 0.6 Pressure drop across
Depth of diffuser, ddiff = 2.5 m diffuser, DPdiff = 0.021
Norm. Air Density, rair = 1.275 kg/m 3 (from diffuser mfr or vendor)
(at 0 C, 1 bar)
o
Calculations
Oxygen Requirement = 7.5 kg/day Act O2 transf effic, AOTE = 2.2%

Pressure at mid Depth, PD = 113.6 kPa Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr = 0.808
D.O sat'n conc. for clean water at ww Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 0.623
temp. and 1 atm, Cs = 10.8 mg/L Blower Outlet Pressure, PB2 = 1.28
(Derivation of equation for sat'n D.O. vs T is shown on worksheet 6)
V. Calculation of Alkalinity Requirements
Input: Target Effluent Alkalinity = 80 mg/L
Constants needed for Calculations:

Equiv Wt. of CaCO3 = 50 g/equiv. Equiv Wt. of NaHCO3 = 84
Alkalinity used for Nitrification = 7.14 g CaCO3/g NH3-N
Calculations
Alkalinity to be added = 94.9 mg/L as CaCO3

Daily Alkalinity Requirement = 7.2 kg/day as CaCO3
For sodium bicarbonate use to add alkalinity:
Daily NaHCO3 Requirement = 12.1 kg/day NaHCO3


cylindrical
rectangular
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
llow boxes
mg/L as CaCO3
15.0 (from Reference (2) below)
0.875
sed on the table of typical
vs SALR in Worksheet 3)
-0.007
0.975
0.935
f. Area Loading Rate)
mg/L Estimation of SARR/SALR Ratio: Default data points for derivation

select D.O Conc. of a SARR vs SALR equation are provided for the BOD stage. They may
mg/L be replaced by values from user data if such data is available.
Nitrification SARR:
mg/L D.O. SARRmax N @ SARRmax The values in the table at the left come from Figur
g/m2/d mg/L g/m2/d mg/L Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Resourc
g/m /d
2
2 0.61 0.5 The N values at SARRmax were read from Figu
g/m /d
2
3 0.88 0.8 values were calculated for those N values using E
4 1.03 1 5th Ed: SARR = [N/(2.2 + N)]*3.3, where N is t

5 1.23 1.3 NH4-N concentration.
6 1.41 1.65 SARR temperature correction coefficients bein
conditions and q = 1.098 for ammonia limited con
rectangular 3.0 0.88 0.8 SARR temperature adjustments are made with:
nly needed to SALR is calculated as SARR/% removal.
Equations used for Tank Sizing (BOD Removal Stage)
BOD Daily Loading = (Qo*So)

ween 30% and 70%. Lower Carrier Surf. Area needed = BOD Daily Loading/SALR_BOD
e, allowing future capacity Carrier Volume needed = Carrier Surf Area/Carrier Spec Surf Area
ALR by adding more carrier. Required Tank Volume = Carrier Volume/Des Carrier Fill PerCent
m3 Or, Tank Diameter calculated from: Tank Volume = (pD2/4)Liquid Depth
m
m Tank Liquid Volume = Tank Volume-((1-Carrier PerCent Void)*Carrier Volume)
min Nominal HRT at Peak Hourly Flow = Hydr Det Time at Des Ave Flow/Peak Hour Factor
min Estimated SARR = SALR(SARR/SALR)
mg/L Estimated BOD Removal Rate = SARR*Carrier Surf Area
educed in cell C18.
Equations used for Tank Sizing - Nitrification Stage
m3 NH3-N Daily Loading = Qo*Influent NH3-N

m Carrier Surf. Area needed = NH4-N Daily Loading/SALR_NH4-N
m Carrier Volume needed, Required Tank Volume, and Tank dimensions
use the same equations shown above.
min
min Tank Liquid Volume, Nominal HRTs, and Estimated SARR are
calculated as shown above.
g/m2/d Estimated NH3-N Removal Rate = SARR*Carrier Surf Area
5 g/m2/d in order Calculated Eff. NH3-N Conc. = (NH3-N Daily Loading - NH3-N Removal Rate)/Qo
Rules of Thumb for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements - Coarse Bubble Diffusers:

Source:
http://www.xylemwatersolutions.com/scs/sweden/sv-se/produkter/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san3.
m (or 0.33 for a fine bubble aeration system)
C
o
bar (or 6.6 % per meter of diffuser submergence for a fine bubble system)
bar 3. Air weighs 1.275 kg/m3 (at 0oC and 1 bar) and contains 23% oxygen by weight, thus:
kg/m3
kg/m3 4. Air contains 0.2930 kg of oxygen/m3.
Nm /hr 3
m /hr3
bar
W to that in clean
Equations used for Oxygen/Air/Blower Calculations

bar
AOTE = SOTE*a*F[(B(PD/Pstd)Cs - D.O.)/Css]q(tww - 20)
Nm3/hr = (kg/day O2/AOTE)*MWair/[O2 fract in air)(MWO2)(rair)(24 hr/day)]
m3/hr = Nm3/hr[(Tww + 273.15)/(Tnorm + 273.15)](Pnorm/PB2)

Nm3/hr PB2 = Patm + DPdiff(100 kPa/Bar) + gH2O*ddiff
m /hr3
bar
Hong Kong, 12. 11-14-2014. http://www.dsdic2014.hk/ppt/Presentation_(B4
g/equiv. Tambo, N., Water Environmental Engineering and Reuse of Water, Hokkaido Press 1999, p 250-305.
http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%
4. Rusten, B and Paulrud, B., Improved nutrient Removal with Biofilm Reactors,
Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Center, Oslo, Norway.
6. Metcalf & Eddy, "Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Resource Recovery", 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill,
7. Salvetti, R., A. Azzellino, R. Canziani, and L. Bonomo (2006), "Effect of Temperature on Tertiary
Nitrification in Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors," Water Res., 40, 15, 298-2993.


ng Rate (SALR):
Nitrification SARR:
Adapted from Metcalf & Eddy, 5th Ed, Fig 9-25
s in the table at the left come from Figure 9-25 in Metcalf & Eddy,
er Engineering, Treatment and Resource Recovery, 5th Ed.
values at SARRmax were read from Figure 9-25. The SARRmax
ere calculated for those N values using Eqn 9-48 from Metcalf & Eddy,
SARR = [N/(2.2 + N)]*3.3, where N is the bulk liquid (effluent)
R temperature correction coefficients being used are: q = 1.058 for DO limited

s and q = 1.098 for ammonia limited conditions. (per Salvetti et al - see ref list below)
mperature adjustments are made with: SARRT = SARR15q(T - 15)
is calculated as SARR/% removal.
iquid Depth
)*Carrier Volume)
e Flow/Peak Hour Factor
val Rate)/Qo
Removal Rate)/Qo
ents - Coarse Bubble Diffusers:
er/cirkulationspumpar/documents/san3.pdf
bubble aertion system.
ne bubble aeration system)
e for a coarse bubble system
ergence for a fine bubble system)
oxygen by weight, thus:
en required /kg BOD removed

er SRT results in a higher value
as is typical for an MBBR process,
4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.
ir )(24 hr/day)]
MBBR." DSD International Conference

www.dsdic2014.hk/ppt/Presentation_(B4-1).pdf
hi, T, Watanabe, Y., Asano, T. and
ater, Hokkaido Press 1999, p 250-305.
yybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%20Bed%20Biofilm%20Reactor.pdf
tical Design Considerations for

ntation, 03/18/2010
ebinar/BV_Webinar_Slides.pdf
Biofilm Reactors,
Technology: Process Applications,

l 83, No. 6. June 2011.
source Recovery", 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, 2014
, "Effect of Temperature on Tertiary
0, 15, 298-2993.
esign Calculations,
ocess Design Calculations

Single Stage Tertiary Nitrification Process
1. General Inputs Peak Hour Factor = 4

Target Effl NH4-N Conc, NH4-Ne = 3.3 mg/L
Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 76 m /d
3
Min Design Temp., T = 12 C
o
Influent NH4-N Conc. = 25 mg/L

Influent BOD, So = 15 mg/L Click on cell H10 and on arrow to select D.O Conc.
Influent Alkalinity = 140 mg/L as CaCO3 D.O Conc. in Reactor = 3.0 mg/L
2. Preliminary Calculations - Design SALR value
% NH4-N removal = 87% NH4-Ne @ SARRmax = 0.80 mg/L

Maximum SARR = 0.88 g/m /d 2
SARR @ NH4-Ne, 15 C, SARR15 =
o
0.88 g/m2/d
SARR @ NH4-Ne, T oC, SARRT = 0.74 g/m2/d
SARR Temp. Coeff, q = 1.058

Design Value for SALR = 0.86 g/m2/d
3. Calculation of Carrier Volume and Required Tank Volume & Dimensions
Inputs
Carrier Spec. Surf. Area = 500 m2/m3 Liquid Depth in Tank = 2.4 m
(value from carrier mfr/vendor) Tank L:W ratio = 1.5
(target L:W - only used if tank is rectangular)
Design Carrier Fill % = 40% Click on green box and then on
arrow to Select Tank Shape: rectangular

(Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and
70%. Lower values are more conservative, Carrier % Void Space = 60%
allowing future capacity expansion or (from carrier mfr/vendor - only needed to
reduction of SALR by adding more carrier.) calculate hydraulic detention time)
Calculations
NH3-N Daily Loading = 1.9 kg/day Calculated Tank Volume = 11.1 m3
1900 g/day Calculated Tank Width = 1.8 m
Carrier Surf. Area needed = 2219 m 2
Calculated Carrier Volume = 4.439 m3 Nominal Hydraulic Retention Time at
Peak Hourly Flow = 44 min
BOD Surf. Loading Rate (SALR): 0.51 g/m2/d
(should be < 0.5 g/m2/d in order to achieve a good nitrification rate)
4. Calculation of Oxygen/Air/Blower Requirements

Inputs:
Std O2 transf effic, SOTE = 5.6% Des. Barom. Press., Patm = 1.014 bar
(from diffuser mfr or vendor) (ambient pressue at site)
Diffuser Fouling Factor, F = 0.8 Ratio of D.O. saturation in WW to that in clean
Ratio of oxygen transfer rate in wastewater water at same T & P, B = 1.0
to that in clean water, a = 0.6 Pressure drop across
Depth of diffuser, ddiff = 2.5 m diffuser, DPdiff = 0.021 bar
Norm. Air Density, rair = 1.275 kg/m3 (from diffuser mfr or vendor)
(at 0oC, 1 bar)
Calculations
Oxygen Requirement = 7.5 kg/day Act O2 transf effic, AOTE = 2.2%

Pressure at mid Depth, PD = 113.6 kPa Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm /hr = 3
0.808 Nm3/hr
D.O sat'n conc. for clean water at ww Des. Air Flow Rate, m3/hr = 0.623 m3/hr
temp. and 1 atm, Cs = 10.8 mg/L Blower Outlet Pressure, PB2 = 1.28 bar
(Derivation of equation for sat'n D.O. vs T is shown on worksheet 6)
5. Alkalinity Requirement
Input: Target Effluent Alkalinity = 80 mg/L
Constants needed for Calculations:
Equiv Wt. of CaCO3 = 50 g/equiv. Equiv Wt. of NaHCO3 = 84 g/equiv.
Alkalinity used for Nitrification = 7.14 g CaCO3/g NH3-N
Calculations
Alkalinity to be added = 94.9 mg/L as CaCO3

Daily Alkalinity Requirement = 7.2 kg/day as CaCO3
For sodium bicarbonate use to add alkalinity:
Daily NaHCO3 Requirement = 12.1 kg/day NaHCO3

cylindrical
rectangular
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
t D.O Conc.
Adapted from Metcalf & Eddy, 5th Ed
D.O. SARRmax N @ SARRmax The values in the table at the left come from Figure 9-25 in
mg/L g/m2/d mg/L Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Resource Recove
2 0.61 0.5 The N values at SARRmax were read from Figure 9-25. T
3 0.88 0.8 values were calculated for those N values using Eqn 9-48 fr
4 1.03 1 5th Ed: SARR = [N/(2.2 + N)]*3.3, where N is the bulk liq
5 1.23 1.3 NH4-N concentration.

6 1.41 1.65 SARR temperature correction coefficients being used ar
conditions and q = 1.098 for ammonia limited conditions. (p
3.0 0.88 0.8 SARR temperature adjustments are made with:
SALR is calculated as SARR/% removal.
Equations used for Tank Sizing
NH3-N Daily Loading = Qo*Prim Effl NH3-N
Carrier Surf. Area needed = NH3-N Daily Loading/SALR_NH3-N

Carrier Volume needed = Carrier Surf Area/Carrier Spec Surf Area

Equations used for Oxygen/Air/Blower Calculations
Oxygen Requirement (kg/day) = Qo(4.57(NH4-No - NH4-Ne)/(1000 g/kg)
Pressure at Mid-Depth = Patm(100 kPa/bar) + [g4H2O(ddiff/2)]
AOTE = SOTE*a*F[(B(PD/Pstd)Cs - D.O.)/Css]q(tww - 20)
(Css = saturation D.O in water at 20oC and 1 atm = 9.17 mg/L)
Nm3/hr = (kg/day O2/AOTE)*MWair/[O2 fract in air)(MWO2)(rair)(24 hr/day)]
m3/hr = Nm3/hr[(Tww + 273.15)/(Tnorm + 273.15)](Pnorm/PB2)
PB2 = Patm + DPdiff(100 kPa/Bar) + gH2O*ddiff
http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%20Bed%20B
4. Rusten, B and Paulrud, B., Improved nutrient Removal with Biofilm Reactors,
Aquateam - Norwegian Water Technology Center, Oslo, Norway.
7. Salvetti, R., A. Azzellino, R. Canziani, and L. Bonomo (2006), "Effect of Temperature on Tertiary
Nitrification in Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors," Water Res., 40, 15, 298-2993.

rom Metcalf & Eddy, 5th Ed, Fig 9-25
t come from Figure 9-25 in Metcalf & Eddy,

ment and Resource Recovery, 5th Ed.
re read from Figure 9-25. The SARRmax
N values using Eqn 9-48 from Metcalf & Eddy,
3.3, where N is the bulk liquid (effluent)
n coefficients being used are: q = 1.058 for DO limited

monia limited conditions. (per Salvetti et al - see ref list below)
are made with: SARRT = SARR15q(T - 15)
al Conference
esentation_(B4-1).pdf
99, p 250-305.
%20Moving%20Bed%20Biofilm%20Reactor.pdf
d, McGraw-Hill, 2014
Derivation of Equation for Saturation DO Concentration at WW Temperature:
Sat'n DO
T, C
o
mg/L
0 14.62 Saturation DO Conc. vs Water Temperature
Saturation D.O., mg/L

1 14.22 (At 1 atm Pressure)
2 13.83
12
3 13.46
4 13.11 10
5 12.77
8
6 12.45
7 12.14
6
8 11.84
9 11.56 4
10 11.29
2
11 11.03
12 10.78 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
13 10.54 Water Temperature, degrees C
14 10.3
15 10.08
16 9.87
17 9.66 Source for DO vs T data: USGS website at:
18 9.47
19 9.28 http://water.usgs.gov/software/DOTABLES/
20 9.09
21 8.92
22 8.74
23 8.58
24 8.42
25 8.26
26 8.11
27 7.97
28 7.83
29 7.69
30 7.56
31 7.43
32 7.30
33 7.18
34 7.06
35 6.95
WW Temperature:
emperature
10 12

MBBR-BOD Removal-Nitrification-S.I.

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Workbook Contents

Click on tabs at the bottom of the screen to access the following:

Tab 1. Introduction (current tab)

Tab 2. Single-Stage BOD Removal

Tab 3. Two-Stage BOD Removal

Tab 4. Two-Stage BOD Removal and Nitrification

Tab 5. Single-Stage Tertiary Nitrification

Tab 6. Derivation of Saturation DO vs T Equation

Why you shouldn’t give copies of this workbook away

Find more Excel spreadsheets for engineering at

Copyright © 2018 Harlan H. Bengtson. All Rights Reserved.

Design Value of BOD Surface Slope, SARR/SALR vs SALR: -0.007

2. Calculation of Carrier Volume and Required Tank Volume & Dimensions

Inputs Liquid Depth in Tank = 2 m

Design Carrier Fill % = 40% Click on green box and then on

BOD Daily Loading = 12.2 kg/day Calculated Tank Volume = 10.1 m3

Carrier Surf. Area needed = 2027 m2

Estimate of BOD Surface Area Peak Hourly Flow = 40 min

O2 needed per kg BOD = 1.50 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 2.3 m

AOTE/SOTE = 0.5 Normal Pressure = 1.000 bar

Oxygen Requirement = 17.1 kg/day AOTE = 2.9%

Find more Excel spreadsheets for engineering at

Copyright © 2018 Harlan H. Bengtson. All Rights Reserved.

Equations used for Tank Sizing

BOD Daily Loading = (Qo*So)

Tank Liquid Volume = Tank Volume-((1-Carrier PerCent Void)*Carrier Volume)

4. Air contains 0.293 kg of oxygen/m3. (at 0oC and 1 bar)

6. The oxidation of 1 kg of ammonia nitrogen typically requires 4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.

References for additional background information:

6. Bengtson, Harlan H., Spreadsheets for MBBR Process Design Calculations,

7. Bengtson, Harlan H., Biological Wastewater Treatment Process Design Calculations

I. Wastewater Parameter Inputs

1. Parameters for Both First and Second Stage

Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 30000 m3/d Peak Hour Factor = 4

Min Design Temp., T = 12 o

2. Parameters for First Stage: Data points for SARR/SALR vs SALR

3. Parameters for Second Stage:

Design Value of BOD Surface Est. of SARR/SALR Ratio = 0.951

2. Second Stage Calculations (BOD Removal)

Design Carrier Fill % = 50% (for second stage)

Tank Liquid Volume = 447.6 m3 Peak Hourly Flow = 5 min

IV. Calculation of Oxygen/Air/Blower Requirements

O2 needed per lb BOD = 1.50 kg O2/kg BOD Depth of Diffusers = 2.3 m

SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr = 26554 Nm3/hr

3. Second Stage Calculations:

Oxygen Requirement = 886.1 kg/day AOTE = 2.9%

SOTE = 5.8% Des. Air Flow Rate, Nm3/hr = 4383 Nm3/hr

Find more Excel spreadsheets for engineering at

Copyright © 2018 Harlan H. Bengtson. All Rights Reserved.

(Carrier fill % is typically between 30% and

Equations used for Tank Sizing (First Stage BOD Removal)

and 70%. Lower BOD Daily Loading = (Qo*So)

Tank Liquid Volume = Tank Volume-((1-Carrier PerCent Void)*Carrier Volume)

Equations used for Tank Sizing (Second Stage BOD Removal)

Rules of Thumb for Estimating Oxygen/Air Requirements - Coarse Bubble Diffusers:

4. Air contains 0.2930 kg of oxygen/m3.

6. The oxidation of 1 kg of ammonia nitrogen typically requires 4.1 to 4.6 kg of oxygen.

6. Bengtson, Harlan H., Spreadsheets for MBBR Process Design Calculations,

7. Bengtson, Harlan H., Biological Wastewater Treatment Process Design Calculations

1. Parameters for Both First and Second Stage

Design ww Flow Rate, Q = 76 m3/d Peak Hour Factor = 4

2. Parameters for First Stage: Data points for SARR/SALR vs SALR

Area Loading Rate (SALR) = 6 g/m2/d Slope, SARR/SALR vs SALR: