International Review on Modelling and Simulations (I.RE.MO.S.), Vol. 8, N.

5
ISSN 1974-9821 October 2015

Output Power Smoothing of Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Wind Turbine Using Very Short Term Wind Speed Prediction
Based on Levenberg–Marquardt Neural Network

Margo Pujiantara1, Ratna Ika Putri1, 2, Antonius Ario Wibowo1, Iwan Setiawan1, 3,
Ardyono Priyadi1, Sidarjanto1, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo1

Abstract – Wind energy is a renewable energy with great potential. Unlike fossil fuels, wind
energy is clean, pollution-free from CO2 emissions, and inexhaustible. However, wind speed is not
constant, it fluctuates rapidly, and is uncontrollable. Fluctuating wind speed causes fluctuating
output power at the wind turbine. Fluctuating wind power causes the grid frequency to fluctuate,
which in turn reduces the quality of the transmitted power and generates instability in the power
system. To reduce wind power fluctuations, the output power smoothing method can be used. This
paper proposes the smoothing power output method without using energy storage devices to
produce a constant output power of the doubly fed induction generator. The fluctuating wind
speed generates constant output power based on wind speed predictions. Predicted average wind
speed using neural networks with the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm is based on the
measurement data of wind speed in Indonesia, Nganjuk prefecture. Simulations are performed
using Matlab Simulink. Simulation results show that the output power can be kept constant for a
certain period of time. The speed of the rotor with this proposed method has an average above
optimal rotor speed. Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

Keywords: Wind Turbine, DFIG, Output Power Smoothing, Wind Speed

Nomenclature Specifically, with electrical energy, in 2012, the total

capacity of the national power plants in Indonesia
Pw Wind Turbine Power (watt) amounted to 44.8 GW, with approximately 43% of this
Cp The Coefficient of turbine power conversion capacity being supplied by the use of fuel oil and coal.
ρ The Air density (kg/m3) The use of fossil fuels as an energy source has
λ The tip speed ratio produced 540 million tons of CO2, which is expected to
λopt The optimal tip speed ratio grow at a rate of 5.5% per year [2]. CO2 is one of the
R The blade radius (m) greenhouse gases that cause radioactive pollution and
Vw The wind speed (m/s) contribute to global warming.
β The pitch angle However, the availability of fossil fuels as a primary
ωk The rotor speed (rad/s) energy source is now diminishing. As a result, it is
ωk_opt The optimal rotor speed (rad/s) necessary to diversify energy sources by using renewable
Pelect_opt The electric power optimal (watt) energy sources to ensure the availability of energy and to
Pelect_ref The electric power reference (watt) protect the environment. Usage of renewable energy can
N The number of data reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming.
H Hessian Matrix As a tropical country, Indonesia has the potential for
J Jacobian Matrix harnessing several renewable energy sources such as
e Vector containing the network error geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind. Some regions in
g The gradient Indonesia have a wind speed of 3–6 m/s that can be used
W The weight as an energy source. Until the year 2013, the installed
capacity of wind power plants was only around 1,33MW
[1]. Wind energy as a renewable energy sources has the
I. Introduction
advantage that it is free of the polluting emissions of CO2
Energy consumption increases proportional to and it is inexhaustible [4] [5]. However, using wind
population growth. energy has its own challenges in that it is not constant,
In 2012, Indonesia’s population grew annually by fluctuates rapidly, and cannot be controlled [3]-[7].
about 0.96% and energy utilization increased by 1.1% Therefore, wind speed prediction accuracy is required
over the previous year [1]. for the stabilization of power systems [8].

Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

558
 Margo Pujiantara et al.
Several methods have been used to predict wind speed
using linear regression analysis, time series, and neural
networks [9]. Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs)
requires a wind turbine and an electric generator to
convert wind energy into electrical energy. There are
several electric generators that can be used including a
synchronous generator, a rotor cage induction generator,
a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), and a
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) [10],
[15]-[17]. To get maximum power at WECS, it is needed
to control the maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Several MPPT methods are used, such as optimum tip
speed ratio, power feedback control, hill climbing search,
fuzzy logic, and neural networks [11]. The use of MPPT
can help attain maximum mechanical output power at
each different wind speed. However, the output power of
the DFIG fluctuates with changes in wind speed because
wind power is proportional to the wind speed.
Fluctuating wind power causes grid frequency
fluctuation, which reduces quality of the transmitted
power and generates instability in the power system [3],
[4], [12]. To minimize wind power fluctuations, the
output power smoothing method is used. Output power
smoothing methods are generally divided into two—with
energy storage devices and without energy storage
devices. The power output smoothing without energy
storage devices consists of the pitch angle control, the
inertial kinetic energy control, and the DC-link voltage
control. Output power smoothing methods using energy
storage devices need greater equipment installation and
have more maintenance costs than others [3].
Use of smoothing power output generates optimal
power at wind energy conversion systems. So it takes the
power control that can be performed using several
methods of control [19][20]. Optimal power optimization
can be performed using a genetic algorithm for setting
the blade pitch angle [18]. Power control on wind energy
conversion system is highly dependent on the
determination of the optimal reference power that is done
based on the prediction of wind speed and wind speed
modeling [18], [19].
To improve the accuracy in determining the optimum
reference power, in this paper uses wind speed prediction
based on the results of measurements of wind speed in
Nganjuk, Indonesia. Based on the prediction of wind
speed is used to determine the optimal reference power.
The reference optimal output power does not
correspond to smooth power DFIG output. Due to the
constant power output, DFIG will work at low rotor
speed. As a result, efficiency of the desired power
generation cannot be achieved. This paper presents the
output power smoothing method without using energy
storage devices to produce a constant output power of
DFIG by utilizing the energy of the mass around
windmills and generators. Even though the wind speed is
fluctuating, the wind turbine generator can produce
constant output power. The constant output power is not
applied permanently, however, it can be changed to
constant values that follow the average wind at a given
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
559
time period.
The constant power output is produced by controlling
the average power from MPPT. It means the average
power from MPPT is calculated by the prediction
average wind speed. To find the average wind speed is an
important role for modeling the constant power output in
this paper.
Therefore, the Authors also describe and simulate how
to model and predict the average wind speed using neural
network based on wind speed measurement data by
means of real wind speed data in Nganjuk, Indonesia.
This proposed method is quite new technique for
smoothing constant power output. Even though this
technique is successfully for simulation part in this paper,
however the Authors believe that this technique can also
be applied easier simpler in the real system in the near
future.
II. Wind Energy Conversion System
Wind energy conversion system (WECS) converts
wind energy into electrical energy. WECS technology
development was rapid in the last decade, aimed at
reducing installation costs, improving efficiency and
reliability [11]. Based on the rotational speed and the
drive train type, WECS can be classified into several
types—constant speed WECS with multiple stage
gearbox and the squirrel cage induction generator,
limited variable speed WECS with multiple-stage
gearbox and the wound rotor induction generator,
variable speed WECS with multiple-stage gearbox,
direct-drive variable speed, and variable speed WECS
with a single-stage gearbox. Variable speed WECS with
DFIG and the multiple-stage gearbox is the most popular
WECS system [11]. WECS characteristics are influenced
by wind speed, which have specific characteristics of
nonlinearity and unpredictability. Wind speed affects the
output power that is generated by WECS.
With fluctuating wind speeds, the use of variable
speed wind turbines (VSWT) is most suitable for use on
WECS. Currently the use of DFIG and PMSG are most
popular for VSWT [3]. DFIG is an induction generator
with double reinforcement of the stator and rotor. DFIG
is used in WECS and worked by changing the rotor
speed and keeping the stator frequency constant at the
synchronous frequency. The main components of VSWT
with DFIG are wind turbines, induction generators of
type asynchronous machines with wound rotor,
electronic power converters of the type of ac/dc/ac
voltage source converter, and a control system, as shown
in Fig. 1. Wind turbine output power, Pw, and wind
turbine torque, Tw, as stated in reference [3], can be
expressed by the following equation:
1
= ( , ) (1)
2
1
= ( , ) / (2)
2
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 Margo Pujiantara et al.

Fig. 2. Tracking Characteristic of wind turbine

The use of ultra capacitor, a battery and SMEs do not

require a bidirectional voltage-source inverter (VSI) and
only requires a dc-dc converter to regulate the real power
Fig. 1. Wind Energy Conversion System with DFIG so that the system is cheaper. If the wind turbine
generates power more than the reference input power, the
Tip speed ratio can be determined by the following system charges the energy storage equipment, and vice
equation: versa. So that the delivered power to the grid is a smooth
= (3) power. Power smoothing method based energy storage
can provide efficient power smoothing but require
additional costs to provide energy storage devices.
While power coefficient, Cp, can be determined by the Compared with the control method based on the
following equation: maximum power point tracking (MPPT), all energy
storage devices exhibit the same behavior when used for
151 . power smoothing on WECS [3]. While the power
− 0.6 +
( , ) = 0.73 (4) smoothing method based on the kinetic energy of inertia
. control, pitch angel control and DC-link voltage control
−0.002 − 13
can produce a smooth output power similar with system
1 using MPPT control method. Maximum energy function
= . (5) of the MPPT control method similar to the method of
−
. power smoothing using kinetic energy control but
produces a value greater than the pitch angle control and
λopt is the tip speed ratio λ that generates the largest the DC link voltage control.
value of Cp. The optimum tip speed ratio is expressed by The smoothing power performance of the DC link
the following equation: voltage control method same with inertial kinetic energy
control method while smoothing power performance of
_ the pitch angle control method worse than others [3].
= (6)

For different wind speeds, we can obtain the III. Proposed Control Scheme for
maximum mechanical power with different rotor speed. Output Power Smoothing
Characteristics of the maximum mechanical power
In this paper, the output electric power is kept constant
tracking, which is derived from the wind turbine power
at a certain time period to the average wind speed
characteristics for each wind speed is called the MPPT,
specified. The average wind speed is obtained based on
as shown in Fig. 2.
the prediction of wind with Levenberg-Marquardt neural
The usage of MPPT produces optimum power from
network. Mechanical energy is supplied to the rotation of
WECS. However, the fluctuating wind speed produces a
the rotor and electrical energy output in relation to the
fluctuating optimum power that affects the load.
mechanical energy obtained from the turbine and inertia
Therefore, it is necessary to smooth the output power
of DFIG in dynamic conditions based on the generator
that is generated by WECS. Several methods have been
shaft speed.
studied to obtain smooth output power. In general, the
output power smoothing method is divided into two
categories—power output smoothing with energy storage III.1. Control Scheme for Output Power Smoothing
and power output smoothing without energy storage.
In the power smoothing method with energy storage, The simulation was performed using the phasor DFIG
some of the energy storage devices are often used on the model in Matlab for the wind farm. DFIG on this model
output power smoothing is an ultra-capacitor, battery, operates on the varying rotor speeds by converting the
flywheel, superconducting magnetic energy storage kinetic power of the wind into mechanical power using
(SMES) and the fuel cell. the MPPT method.

Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 8, N. 5

560
 Margo Pujiantara et al.
Thus, the output power always follows the changing
average wind speed. In the simulation, the electrical
output power is kept constant in a particular time period
based on the specified average wind speed.
To obtain a constant output power, at a certain time
period in the arrangement Pelec_ref, to the power regulator
block on the rotor side converter, the control system
constantly follows the average value of the wind speed at
a given time period. Block control system for the rotor
side converter with constant Pelec_ref to power regulator is
shown in Fig. 3.
Control scheme for output power smoothing is shown
in Fig. 4. Pelec_ref is a constant value within a given time
period and follow the average value of the wind speed in
the time period.
Fig. 3. Block of Control System of Rotor Side Converter
with Constant Pelec_ref
Fig. 4. Flowchart of Output Power Smoothing Control
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
561
Pelec_opt is an optimal electric power that obtained by
the MPPT using tip speed ratio method so that it will get
optimum rotor speed (ωk_opt). Pelec_opt can be determined
by using the equation:
1 _
_ = ( , ) (7)
2
If N is the number of data Pelec_opt within a period of
time T s, then the value for the electric power reference
can be determined by the following equation:
∑ _
_ = (8)
The use of constant Pelec_ref has a risk of failure to
maintain the DFIG rotor rotation (ωr) when the wind
speed is down in the wide intervals; therefore, the
mechanical power produced by the turbine is smaller
than Pelec_ref. In these circumstances, to maintain rotor
rotation, the energy obtained from the released rotation
energy is coupled with the mechanical power of the
turbine. This will result in the reduction of rotor rotation
and, depending on the turbine characteristics, a reduction
in the mechanical power extracted.
However, if the rotor rotation remains above a
minimum limit, then the rotor rotation can rise again
when the wind speed rises. On the basis of the above
description, the value Pelec_ref used is smaller than the
average value Pelec_opt within a certain period of time T to
keep the wind turbine generator from stalling:
∑ _
_ = (0.990, … ,0.970) × (9)
III.2. Wind Speed Prediction Using Neural Network
Based on the basis of the time-scale classification, the
prediction of wind speed can be divided into four types:
1). Very short term, with the predictions ranging from a
few seconds up to 30 min ahead, 2) Short term, with the
predictions ranging from 30 min to 6 h, 3) Medium term,
with predictions ranging from 6 h to 1 day, and 4) Long
term, with the predictions ranging from 1 day to 1 week
or more. Wind predictions types determine the
application of the prediction results.
Very short term wind speed prediction is used for the
application of regulation and electricity market clearing
actions [13]-[14]. Modeling of wind speed with artificial
neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic has been
developed, used for very short term prediction until long-
term prediction. ANN is one of most widely used model
in last decade, which consist of an input layer, an output
layer and one or more hidden layer.
In this paper, wind speed data is predicted and
modeled using neural network for short-term wind speed
data. Neural network uses the predicted wind speed data
to recognize the pattern of correlation between the input
to the output or target.
International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 8, N. 5
 Margo Pujiantara et al.

The network input is the wind speed measurement Figs. 6 show the wind speed prediction using
data that are performed in Nganjuk. Wind speed data was Levenberg−Marquardt neural network with hindrance
divided into two group: the testing set and the training and without hindrance, respectively.
set. The training set data is composed of 80% of total
data and the testing data set consists of 20% from other
data. Networks are formed using one input layer, two
hidden layers, and one output layer. The input layer
consists of 6 neurons that are used for wind speed data,
humidity, air pressure, temperature, wind direction, and
reduction. The first hidden layer consists of 12 neurons
and the second hidden layer consists of 6 neurons.
The two hidden layers use the activation function
tangent sigmoid. The output layer consists of one neuron
activation function purelin, while the training function
uses the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The initial
weight is set at random to achieve the desired target. (a) Wind Speed Measurement Results in Point B
Levenberg–Marquardt method simplifies the
calculation of the Hessian matrix, H, from the standard
back-propagation method. If the Hessian matrix can be
approximated as:
= ∗ (10)

= ∗ (11)

The algorithm of Levenberg–Marquadt is used to

compute the Hessian matrix, through the improvement of
Newton's method:

= −[ ∗ + ∗ ]−1∗ ∗ (12) (b) Wind Speed Measurement Results in Point A

If the value of m = 0, then the method of Levenberg– Figs. 5. Wind Speed Measurement Results
Marquadt will be the same as the Gauss-Newton method,
whereas if m is too large, the method of
Levenberg−Marquadt will be the same as the gradient
descent with a small learning rate.

IV. Simulation Results

We use wind speed input data using the measurement
results of wind speed at three points in the city of
Nganjuk. Nganjuk lies at 111.50'–112.13' East longitude
and 7.20'–7.50' southern latitudes. Measurements were
made in three points—point A (center), point B, and
point C at a distance of about 800 m from the third point. (a). With Hindrance
Wind speed measurement data at points A and B are
shown in Figs. 5. Based on the measurement results, the
value of the wind speed at points A and B has a
fluctuating value that changes every second, and has
different values for the two points. This causes a
reduction in wind speed due to the surface and vegetation
of trees and buildings between the two points.
The lowest wind speed value at point B is 2.7 m/s and
the value of the highest wind speed is 19 m/s, with an
average wind speed value of 9.84 m/s. For point A, the
lowest wind speed measured is 0.16 m/s and the value of
the highest wind speed is 12.6 m/s, with an average wind
speed of 4.98 m/s. Wind speed measurement data is used (b) Without Hindrance
as training data to test wind speed prediction using the
Levenberg−Marquardt neural network. Figs. 6. Testing Result of Wind Speed Prediction
Using Levenberg–Marquardt

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562
 Margo Pujiantara et al.

Performance of the neural network as a predictor of These results can be stated that the average energy
the wind speed is analyzed on the basis of the mean excess so that the rotor has small risk for falls, especially
square error and coefficient correlation between when passing through the critical point.
predicted results and the actual value of the wind speed. As shown in the Fig. 10, the electric power generated
Mean square error is determined by the following by WECS with constant power reference method. It
equation: generates a constant output power despite fluctuations in
the wind speeds.
1
= ( − ) (13) TABLE I
RESULT OF THE SIMULATION PERFORMED
Testing result MSE Correlation coefficient
where vi is the actual wind speed and vp is the simulated With hindrance 0.057 0.97239
wind speed. N is the number of data points. Without hindrance 0.097 0.959
The correlation coefficient between the prediction
result and actual value of wind speed is determined by:

=
∑ ( − )( − )
= (14)
∑ ( − ) ∑ ( − )

where xi, yi are wind speed and x, y are the average wind
speed for period.
Table I shows result of the wind speed prediction
simulation performed between with hindrance and
without hindrace. Based on the test results, the prediction
of wind speed with a hindrance produces better
(a) With Hindrace
performance. The hindrance has a correlation coefficient
value of 0.97239 with MSE of 0.057.
We observe lower performance without hindrance,
with the correlation coefficient value of 0.959 with MSE
of 0.097. Based on the results of prediction of wind
speed, the average wind speed can be determined. Target
average wind speed is obtained to get the wind speed
reference input for constant time. The average wind
speed is the average value of ANN prediction output for
an interval of 30 s.
Figs. 7 show the average wind speed with hindrance
and without hindrance.
Based on the average value of wind speed, Popt value
is determined to be Pref value. The average value of the
resulting wind speeds fluctuates; as a result, the values
(b) Without Hindrace
generated for Popt and Pref also fluctuate. Fluctuating
wind speeds produce optimum power (Pelect-opt), which Figs. 7. Average wind speed with interval 30 s
also fluctuates with a maximum value 0.177pu in 110s
and reaches a minimum value of 0 pu. The resulting
Pelect–opt value is averaged over a period of 60 s to get
Pelect-ref as input to output constant power. Determination
of the effect of time period on Pelec_ref obtained is on the
basis of Pelec_opt from each wind speed within this time
period. For a period of time T1, T2 − T3, Δt1 − Δt2, the
values Pelec_ref1, Pelec_ref2 and Pelec_ref3 are determined on
the basis of the average value of Pelec_opt for each time
period of the wind speed. Pelect -opt and Pelect-ref value with
an average period of 60 s is shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 9 shows
a comparison of the speed of the rotor based on the
method of constant reference power and optimum rotor
speed. Rotor speed from the simulation results obtained
increased and had an average above the optimal rotor
Fig. 8. Average Reference Power and Optimal Power
speed.

Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 8, N. 5

563
 Margo Pujiantara et al.
Fig. 9. Optimal Rotor Speed and Rotor Speed
Based on Constant Reference Power
Fig. 10. Constant Electric Output Power
The output power constant is divided by three periods.
An output power of 1.28 MW is generated during the
first time period of 33 s, an output power of 0.89 MW is
generated during the second time period of 53 s, and an
output power of 1.78 MW is generated during the third
time period of 38 s.
V. Conclusion
In this paper, an output power smoothing method on
WECS using DFIG without the use of energy storage
devices have discussed. This method utilized the energy
of the mass around the wind turbine and generators.
Prediction of wind speed by neural network using the
Levenberg-Marquardt learning is used to determine the
optimal reference power on control of power. Based on
the simulation results, output power smoothing based on
prediction of wind speed has good performance.
This method can produce constant power based on
prediction of fluctuated wind speed. Compared with the
optimal rotor speed, the rotor speed with this method had
an average above the optimal rotor speed. This technique
is successfully for simulation part and this technique can
also be applied easier simpler in the real system in the
near future.
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
564
Appendix
Parameter of system : Rs = 0.00706Ω, Lls = 0.171mH,
Rŕ=0.005 Ω, Llŕ =0.156mH, Lm = 2.9mH, H = 5.04s, p =
3, Pnom = 6 x 1.5 MW, Vnom = 575 Volt rms, f = 60 hz,
Cp(λ, β) maks = 0.48 at λnom = 8.1 ; β = 0.
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(2014) International Review on Modelling and Simulations Antonius Ario Wibowo was born in Sidoarjo
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625. east java of Indonesia on September 5, 1991. He
[17] Chakib, R., Essadki, A., Cherkaoui, M., Modeling and control of a received his bachelor degree in Electrical Power
wind system based on a DFIG by active disturbance rejection System Engineering from Institut Teknologi
control, (2014) International Review on Modelling and Sepuluh November (ITS), Indonesia in 2014.
Simulations (IREMOS), 7 (4), pp. 626
626-637.
637. His research interest is renewable energy, and
[18] Soedibyo, Stephani, R., Aprilely, A.F., Ratih, M.S., Primaditya, power system
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S., Suyanto, Power optimization for adaptive wind turbine: Case
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835--843.
843. Sidarjanto was born in Tuban east java of
[19] Vijayalaxmi, M., Shanmuga Vadivoo, N., Application of classical Indonesia on February 25, 1948. He received
controllers in the doubly fed induction generator based wind his bachelor degree in Electrical Power System
energy conversion system using system identification approach, Engineering from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
(2014) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IR(IREE),
EE), 9 November (ITS), Indonesia in 1978 and master
(2), pp. 431
431-439.
439. degree in Electrical Po
Power
wer System Engineering
[20] Kojooyan Jafari, H., Kojooyan Jafari, H., Comparison of self from in 2011. He was a lecturer at Electrical
tuning P and PI voltage control of DFIG in wind power generation Engineering Department, ITS. His research
considering two mass shaft model, (2014) International Review of interest is renewable energy, and power systems
Automatic Control (IREACO), 7 (2), pp. 147-155.
147 155.
[21] Hamdi, N., Bouzid, A., New control of a doubly
doubly--fed
fed induction Ardyono Priyadi was born in Nganjuk east
generator of a variable speed wind turbine with Ku java of Indonesia on September 27, 1973. He
transformation, (2013) International Review of Automatic Control received his
his bachelor degree in Electrical Power
(IREACO), 6 (2), pp. 183
183-188.
188. System Engineering from Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh November (ITS), Indonesia in 1997,
master and Ph.D. degree in Electrical Power
Authors’ information System Engineering from Hiroshima
University, Japan in 2008 and 2011. He is
1 currently a lecturer at Electrical Engineering Department, ITS. His
Electrical Department, Institut Teknologi Sepulu
Sepuluhh Nopember,
Surabaya. Indonesia
Indonesia. research interest is power transient stability, renewable energy, and
identification of power systems.
2
Electrical Department, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Indonesia.
Mauridhi Hery Purnomo was born in
3 Bangkalan east java of Indonesia on September
Electrical Department, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Indonesia
Indonesia.
16, 1958. He rereceived
ceived his bachelor's degree
Margo Pujiantara was born in Pasuruan east from Electrical Engineering Institute
java of Indonesia on March 18, 1966. He Technology Sepuluh November, Surabaya in
received his bachelor degree in Electrical Power 1984 and master's degree from Electrical
System Engineering from Institut Teknologi Engineering Osaka city University, Japan in
Sepuluh November (ITS), Indonesia in 1985, 1989, and Ph.D. degree in Power system from
master’s degree from Institut Teknologi Osaka city University,
University, Japan in 1995. where he is currently an head
Bandung (ITB), Indonesia in 1995 and Ph.D. Laboratory of Instrumentation, Measurement and Power System
degree from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Identification and a professor of Electrical Engineering Institute
Novembe
Novemberr (ITS), Indonesia in 2011. He is currently a lecturer at Technology Sepuluh November, Surabaya. His research interest is
Electrical Engineering Department, ITS. His research interest is Artificial Intel
Intelligent,
ligent, Neural Network, Image Processing, renewable
renewable energy, protection and identification of power ssystems
ystems energy, condition and monitoring system

Ratna Ika Putri was born in Balikpapan east

borneo of Indonesia on October, 22 1977. She
received her bachelor’s degree and master’s
degree in Electrical Engineering from
Brawijaya University, East Java Indonesia in
1994 and 2006. Since 2000, she has been a
lecturer of electronics Department at Politeknik
Negeri Malang, East Java, Indon
Indonesia.
esia. She is
currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering Institute
Technology Sepuluh November, Surabaya. Her current research
interest in control, power electronics and renewable energy.

Iwan Setiawan He received the B.Eng and M.

Eng
Eng degrees from the Engineering Faculty of
Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia in 1998 and
2003, respectively. Since 2000, he has been a
lecturer at Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
Currently he is Doctorate student at Electrical
Engineering Dept. Institut T
Teknologi
eknologi Sepuluh
Nopember, Indonesia. His research interest
include power systems control.
control

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