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Organizational Behavior 3 0 1St Edition Bauer Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
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Bauer Test Bank
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©201 FlatWorld. 1
Organizational Behavior, Version 3.0
Bauer & Erdogan
Chapter 7
Managing Stress and Emotions
TRUE/FALSE
3. According to one survey, over half of workers report job stress as an issue for
them.
(True)
4. When we perceive a threat to our safety, the body reacts with a “fight or flight”
response.
(True)
7. The General Adaptation Syndrome looks at how events on the job cause
different kinds of people to feel different kinds of emotions.
(False)
9. John’s company downsized, and John is now performing his own job plus most
of his former coworker Sidney’s job. John is now experiencing role ambiguity.
(False)
10. The Demand-Control model proposes that employees with high levels of
autonomy and control over their jobs will be less stressed.
(True)
©201 FlatWorld. 2
12. Role conflict is the strongest predictor of poor performance on the job.
(False)
14. A Forbes magazine survey indicates that the most stressful job in 2017 was that
of enlisted military personnel.
(True)
15. Overall, work-life conflict is more problematic for men than women.
(False)
16. On the Holmes-Rahe scale, the most stressful life event is the death of a spouse.
(True)
20. Blemishes and other skin problems can be outward manifestations of stress.
(True)
21. The link between stress and heart disease has been proven by the American
Heart Association to be strong.
(False)
22. Persistent stress has the potential to place vulnerable individuals at an increased
risk for depression.
(True)
23. Research shows that excessive stress is related to higher turnover and lower job
performance.
(True)
24. Marissa is generally a few minutes late for class. She feels that “class will be
there, why rush?” Marissa always thinks through how to address problems that
arise for her rather than responding first and thinking later. Marissa has a Type A
personality.
(False)
25. The old adage “Have a good cry” is great advice to deal with stress that has built
up in an individual.
©201 FlatWorld. 3
(False)
26. The “Corporate Athlete” approach to dealing with stress is a reactive approach.
(False)
27. Flow is the state of consciousness where individuals are totally absorbed in an
activity.
(True)
28. Fish contains dopamine, which when consumed can produce feelings of
alertness.
(True)
29. Physically active work breaks lead to reduced mental concentration levels and
increased mental fatigue.
(False)
30. Most American adults get the appropriate amount of sleep each night.
(False)
31. Individuals with a strong social network are more stressed than individuals who
do not have such networks because of the increased interpersonal demands of
large social networks.
(False)
33. Organizations can help employees reduce stress by offering them greater
autonomy in their jobs, making their job duties clear, and providing employee
assistance programs.
(True)
35. Firms like Apple are interested in how products are perceived emotionally
because strong positive emotions make individuals more likely to use a product
and recommend it to others.
(True)
36. Both positive and negative emotions can be contagious, but the spillover from
positive emotions lasts longer than negative ones.
(False)
37. According to Affective Events Theory, the six emotions of anger, fear, joy, love,
sadness and surprise inspire actions that can benefit or harm others.
(True)
©201 FlatWorld. 4
38. The customer service representative at the department store who keeps smiling
as she listens to the customer bitterly complain about her newly purchased
product is engaging in deep acting.
(False)
39. Americans enjoy much greater leisure time than their European counterparts.
(False)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
41. *Which of these is NOT a stress management technique used by NASA for
astronauts?
a. exercise
b. private space
c. blogging
d. special food
(c) Easy/Knowledge
43. Stress is
a. the body’s response to an environmental demand.
b. decreasing in the American workplace.
c. a mental barrier, but not a physical one.
d. always negative.
(a) Easy/Comprehension
©201 FlatWorld. 5
b. mental
c. emotional
d. societal
(d) Easy/Knowledge
48. In what stress phase does the body release cortisol and begin to adjust to the
demands of the stress?
a. alarm phase
b. exhaustion phase
c. adaptation phase
d. resistance phase
(d) Medium/Knowledge
49. The body’s “fight or flight” response causes which of the following physical
symptoms to occur?
a. narrow-eye focus.
b. digestion interruption.
c. decreased heart rate.
d. deep breathing.
(b) Medium/Knowledge
It is finals week at State University and Agnes has five finals in three days. What phase
of the stress process is she experiencing in each of the scenarios below?
50. Agnes just went through the kitchen cupboards and found a chocolate bar loaded
with caramel. She is probably experiencing the
©201 FlatWorld. 6
a. exhaustion phase.
b. alarm phase.
c. resistance phase.
d. adaptation phase.
(a) Medium/Application
It is finals week at State University and Agnes has five finals in three days. What phase
of the stress process is she experiencing in each of the scenarios below?
51. Agnes glances at the clock and notes it is three hours until her first final of the
week. She still has two chapters to study. She feels a slight pain in the pit of her
stomach. Agnes is experiencing symptoms of what stress phase?
a. exhaustion phase
b. alarm phase
c. resistance phase
d. stressor phase
(b) Medium/Application
©201 FlatWorld. 7
(b) Easy/Knowledge
57. Information processing demands that exceed the supply or capacity of time
available for such processing is called
a. role conflict.
b. role ambiguity.
c. role overload.
d. information overload.
(d) Medium/Application
58. Which of the following role stressors has been shown to have the strongest
effects on poor performance?
a. role ambiguity
b. role conflict
c. role overload
d. all role stressors have equally detrimental effects on performance.
(a) Medium/Comprehension
59. Mary is a new employee in the handbag department of a major department store.
She is not entirely sure whether she is to simply stay on the sales floor and sell
purses to customers, or if she is to sell the items and then go back into the
stockroom to replenish them. Mary is experiencing
a. information overload.
b. role ambiguity.
c. role overload.
d. role conflict.
(b) Medium/Application
60. Rodney is experiencing a real dilemma. His boss just called him and told him that
he had to attend a dinner meeting Wednesday night with some important out-of-
town clients. Rodney’s daughter just called and told him she will be dancing a
solo at her dance recital on Wednesday evening. Rodney is experiencing
a. role conflict.
b. role overload.
c. information overload.
d. role ambiguity.
(a) Medium/Application
61. Joe was diagnosed with cancer six months ago. He is back at work between
chemotherapy treatments but is unable to work more than four hours per day.
Diego has been covering all Joe’s assignments that extend beyond Joe’s four-
hour day as well as covering the regular tasks of his own eight-hour shift. Diego
is likely experiencing
©201 FlatWorld. 8
a. role ambiguity.
b. role overload.
c. role conflict.
d. information overload.
(b) Medium/Application
62. Omar is sitting at his computer writing his organizational behavior term paper
using Internet research while he e-mails his friends and watches the NFL
Thursday night football game. His phone just rang and now he is also talking to
his girlfriend. Omar is likely experiencing
a. role conflict.
b. information overload.
c. role ambiguity.
d. role overload.
(b) Medium/Application
64. Which was the most stressful job in America of 2017 according to Forbes
magazine?
a. miner
b. inner city high school teacher
c. police officer
d. enlisted military personnel
(d) Medium/Knowledge
©201 FlatWorld. 9
(d) Difficult/Comprehension
67. Maria is a customer service agent for a large Telecom. During her shift she gets
a call from an irate customer who is screaming at her and calling her names. This
event would be considered a(n)
a. role stressor.
b. interpersonal stressor.
c. challenge stressor.
d. life change.
(b) Easy/Comprehension
©201 FlatWorld. 10
72. Major organizational changes can cause employees to experience higher levels
of stress at work. Which of the following is considered a type of organizational
change?
a. changes in executive leadership
b. changes in policies and protocols
c. changes in workforce due to a merger or acquisition
d. all of the above
(d) Easy/Comprehension
74. Antonia received some negative feedback on her sales performance on her last
performance evaluation. It’s already been a week since the meeting with her
supervisor but she just can’t stop thinking about the feedback. She keeps
replaying it in her mind over and over. This is an example of
a. burnout.
b. rumination.
c. anticipation.
d. a role stressor.
(b) Medium/Evaluation
75. Marcus is a student at State University. He seems to run to each of his classes
and is very upset with the professor if class does not begin exactly on time. He
studies until the late hours of the night and will argue with his professor for every
possible point on a multiple choice exam. Marcus would be classified as having
a. Type A personality.
b. Type B personality.
c. pessimistic personality.
d. neurotic personality.
(a) Medium/Application
76. Anita seems to take life as it comes. When the refrigerator and washing machine
broke down in the same day flooding the kitchen, she laughed it off saying, “It
could always be worse.” She then went and called the appliance repair service.
Anita has a _________________ personality.
a. Type A
b. Type B
c. pessimistic
d. neurotic
(b) Medium/Application
©201 FlatWorld. 11
a. impatience
b. deep levels of job involvement
c. high level competitiveness
d. logical decision making
(d) Easy/Knowledge
82. *After studying the body’s response to stress, Hans Selye determined that
unmanaged stress
a. helps to motivate employees.
b. can create physical problems and psychological illnesses.
c. can’t be avoided.
d. our body knows the difference between a real threat and a work problem.
(b) Medium/Comprehension
83. *Which of these is NOT one of the three steps in Hans Selye’s GAS model?
a. exhaustion
©201 FlatWorld. 12
b. alarm
c. drama
d. resistance
(c) Easy/Knowledge
85. *Another model, the Job Demands-Resources model, states that even with
control over the situation, people are still subject to stress if
a. they aren’t paid enough.
b. they don’t have the resources to meet the demands of the job.
c. supervisors have more control.
d. they have too many resources.
(b) Medium/Comprehension
89. Gordon is not focused on his work but has a great deal of energy. He is most
likely to be
©201 FlatWorld. 13
a. disengaged at work.
b. distracted at work.
c. a procrastinator.
d. totally absorbed in work.
(b) Difficult/Synthesis
90. A manager with low focus and low energy would most likely
a. procrastinate at work.
b. be distracted at work.
c. be disengaged at work.
d. be totally absorbed in work.
(a) Difficult/Evaluation
93. Which of the following statements is true regarding diet and stress?
a. Eating light meals in the middle of the day may slow down the body
because there is insufficient food energy available to stimulate the brain
to react to stress.
b. Greasy foods make a person feel tired because digestion of the fats in
such foods diverts blood from the brain.
c. The dopamine in fish produces a feeling of sleepiness.
d. Eating fish for lunch tends to reduce reaction times.
(b) Medium/Evaluation
94. Research indicates that exercise is an effective strategy for managing stress.
Which of the following statements best describes some of the findings from
studies on exercise and stress?
a. Physically active breaks, like walking, actually increase mental fatigue.
b. Exercise, like light calisthenics, actually absorbs energy.
c. Light exercise tends to erode hand-eye coordination as well as fine motor
control.
d. Regular exercise increases the body’s ability to draw oxygen out of the
air, thus combating stress.
(d) Medium/Evaluation
©201 FlatWorld. 14
a. workers who miss work because of exhaustion become rejuvenated and
face less stress upon their return to work.
b. nearly all adults have trouble sleeping.
c. work-life conflict makes good sleep easier to achieve.
d. insomnia is a stress-related epidemic.
(d) Medium/Comprehension
98. All of the following are steps that firms are taking to assist employees in dealing
with stress in the workplace EXCEPT
a. creating jobs with autonomy and control.
b. replacing employees who are stressed with more resilient employees.
c. ensuring fairness in the workplace.
d. providing access to employee assistance programs.
(b) Medium/Comprehension
99. Which of the following is a technique used by firms to reduce the stress
experienced by their employees?
a. Create job descriptions for employees that are less specific and focused.
b. Shift control over critical decisions to higher levels in the organization.
c. Base pay decisions on tenure as opposed to performance.
d. Train managers to be more interpersonally sensitive.
(d) Difficult/Synthesis
©201 FlatWorld. 15
b. The number of employees telecommuting is going down in the U.S.
c. Research on telecommuting indicates that stress is higher but job
satisfaction and job performance is also higher when the program is
instituted.
d. Telecommuting success is dependent on matching the right employee to
the right job in the right environment.
(d) Difficult/Evaluation
104. *One way to recover from stress is to leave work at work, referred to as
a. psychological coping
b. psychological detachment
c. a wellness program
d. building flow
(b) Easy/Knowledge
105. *Lakeisha and Dan just got let go because their position was eliminated after a
merger. Dan is furious and can’t sleep or eat. Lakeisha went to her community
center to volunteer, feels fortunate she has an opportunity to help, and is sure
something better will come along. Lakeisha has
a. mindfulness
b. psychological detachment
c. positive reappraisal
d. autonomy
(c) Medium/Comprehension
106. Wellness programs, such as gym memberships, free health screenings, weight
loss programs, and smoking cessation programs
a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism.
©201 FlatWorld. 16
b. operate based on the placebo effect.
c. have little to do with work, but employees like them.
d. are usually offered to only the best employees.
(a) Medium/Comprehension
111. Which of the following is NOT an emotion that is part of the Affective Events
Theory?
©201 FlatWorld. 17
a. jealousy
b. surprise
c. anger
d. fear
(a) Easy/Knowledge
112. Jennifer strongly dislikes her next-door neighbors, yet every time she sees them
she stops to pleasantly chat with them for a few moments. Jennifer is engaging in
a. genuine acting.
b. surface acting.
c. deep acting.
d. cognitive acting.
(b) Medium/Application
115. Imagine that you are a salesperson in a major department store. Though you
might not actually believe it, you follow the policy of “the customer is always right”
in your daily work at the store. However, since you do not agree with that view,
you often experience
a. surface acting.
b. genuine acting.
c. deep acting
d. cognitive dissonance.
(d) Medium/Application
©201 FlatWorld. 18
d. self-insight
(a) Easy/Knowledge
118. When you understand how OTHERS feel you are exhibiting which of the building
blocks of emotional intelligence?
a. self-awareness
b. self-management
c. social awareness
d. relationship management
(c) Easy/Comprehension
119. Conrad knows that he is flexible, enjoys challenging goals, and is very concerned
about the security of his job. Conrad understands which of the following building
blocks of the emotional intelligence concept?
a. self-management
b. relationship management
c. social awareness
d. self- awareness
(d) Medium/Application
120. Research suggests high levels of emotional intelligence lead to which of the
following?
a. higher life satisfaction.
b. cognitive dissonance
c. higher stress levels.
d. greater propensity to perceive situations as threats.
(a) Medium/Comprehension
Section IV: The Role of Emotions and Stress for Ethics and Culture
121. Joshua Greene’s study of how our minds and bodies react to difficult situations
found that
a. study subjects were largely able to agree on what was the best of
possible evils in a scenario.
b. human decisions are mostly rational, not impacted by emotion.
c. magnetic imaging suggests emotional scenarios require less use of our
brains compared to unemotional scenarios.
d. humans use rationale and emotion to make decisions similar to how a
computer would.
(a) Difficult/Synthesis
122. Research on stress and leisure time around the world suggests which of the
following?
a. Compared to Europeans, Americans work longer hours.
b. Japanese work 500 hours less than their counterparts in the USA.
c. Americans are better in time management compared to their European
counterparts.
d. Americans are less likely to be employed than Europeans.
(a) Easy/Knowledge
©201 FlatWorld. 19
Closing Section: Facing Foreclosure: The Case of Camden Property Trust
123. *What approach had Camden Property Trust taken with its staff prior to 2009?
a. only respond to questions
b. open and honest communication
c. tell staff only what they need to know
d. keep managers informed but everyone else in the dark
(b) Easy/Knowledge
124. Which of these is NOT a way Camden shows that it cares about its employees?
a. offering discounted rent on apartments
b. matching up to 7% of the employee’s pay at 50% in their 401(k) plan
c. communicating openly
d. buying everyone a Ferrari
(d) Easy/Knowledge
126. ________ is the body’s reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or
emotional adjustment or response.
(Stress)
127. A stressor that causes stress but may also provide opportunities for growth is a
_________stressor.
(challenge)
128. A stressor that detracts from personal goals and prevents growth is a
__________ stressor.
(hindrance)
©201 FlatWorld. 20
130. “Fight or flight” is the reaction to an outside stressor in the first phase, or
____________ phase of stress.
(alarm)
131. During the resistance phase of stress, the body begins to release _________
and draws on fat and sugar reserves to adjust to the demands of stress.
(cortisol)
132. The stressor has significantly weakened the individual during the ___________
phase of stress.
(exhaustion)
134. Maggie’s boss wants her to complete the department project by next week. Her
team leader for the corporate project wants her to travel to New York in the next
few days to work on that item. Maggie is experiencing _____ ____________.
(role conflict)
135. Having insufficient time and resources to complete a job is called ______
_________.
(role overload)
136. You are at the computer working on the Internet gathering information for your
term paper, your cell phone is ringing, you are receiving emails and the television
is on. You are likely experiencing _____________________.
(information overload)
138. Mary is experiencing a(n) ______________ stressor when her supervisor comes
to work in a bad mood and yells at her.
(interpersonal)
139. Changes to policies, downsizing, and other ______________ can cause job
insecurity for employees
(organizational changes)
140. XYZ Company is merging, and everyone on staff believes that job cuts are
coming. Many can’t function at work and some staff are physically ill. They are
suffering from _____
(anticipatory stress)
141. *Jesse is always tired and irritable. He never wants to do anything or has any
energy. He is suffering from _____.
(burnout)
©201 FlatWorld. 21
142. Alexandra is always impatient. She seems to run around the office completing
this task and that. She is always the first one to work and the last to leave.
Alexandra has a ________ ___ personality.
(Type A)
143. Collectively, the dimensions of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience refer to
___________ ___________.
(psychological capital or PsyCap).
145. Two individual lifestyle choices that one can make to try to decrease feelings of
stress include: ____________ and ______________.
(diet, exercise, sleep, time management, social support network)
146. _____________ is working remotely from home or some other locale during a
portion of the workweek.
(Telecommuting)
147. A practice that has been widely used by universities that provides long periods of
paid time off from the normal routine of work is called a ______________.
(sabbatical)
148. Individuals who are experiencing substance abuse problems may seek help from
an ________________________ program, sponsored by their firm.
(employee assistance)
150. Examples of negative emotions are _____, ______, and ______(anger, fear,
and sadness)
151. The ____________ Theory explores how events on the job cause different kinds
of people to feel different emotions.
(Affective Events)
152. When a hair stylist smiles even though the young child whose hair she is cutting
is crying and squirming, the hair stylist is exhibiting __________ ___________.
(surface acting)
©201 FlatWorld. 22
(deep acting)
SHORT ANSWERS
157. Define stress and briefly discuss its prevalence in the workplace.
Polls indicate that 65% of American workers report stress at work as an issue for
them. Stress in the workplace is manifested through such physical effects as
neck pain, aching muscles and insomnia.
Phase one is the alarm phase where an outside stressor jolts the individual
insisting that something be done. This is the well- known “fight or flight”
response.
Phase two is resistance, the phase where the body begins to release cortisol and
draws on fats and sugars for energy to adjust to the demands of stress. While the
body can draw on its reserves to hold off stress for a while, it cannot continue in
this state forever.
Phase three is the exhaustion phase where the body’s stores of fats and sugars
are depleted and the prolonged release of cortisol has weakened the body
considerably. To cope, many individuals reach for something sweet to restore the
sugars.
Workplace stressors include: role demands (role ambiguity, role overload, role
conflict), and information overload.
Role ambiguity is the vagueness one feels about what responsibilities he holds.
For example, when you begin a new job, you are often unclear what you are
supposed to do.
©201 FlatWorld. 23
Role conflict is when you have contradictory demands made on you at work. For
example, your boss wants you to complete your project for next week while your
team supervisor wants his project completed first.
Role overload is when you have insufficient time and resources to complete your
job. For example, if you are doing your job and covering for an individual who is
out on medical leave, you may feel pulled in many directions.
Work-life conflict is experienced when the demands from work and family
negatively impact one another. An example is when you need to attend a work
function and you have sick child at home to care for.
Life changes are events that stress an individual. Life changes can be negative
(the death of a spouse) or positive (getting married). Though each produces
stress, the negative event produces distress and the positive events, eustress.
The Holmes-Rahe Scale provides various life events with values that express the
stress experienced.
Because stress causes a suppression of the immune system, there are links
between stress and high blood pressure, ulcers and illness susceptibility.
163. What does research suggest about the relationship between stress and
workplace outcomes?
©201 FlatWorld. 24
Stress is linked to higher turnover and lower levels of performance. Stressed
individuals also tend to be less prone to engaging in organizational citizenship
behaviors and to exhibit lower organization commitment.
Type B personalities are calmer than Type A personalities who are more prone to
thinking through situations than their Type A counterparts who tend to respond
emotionally.
The corporate athlete is training so that the employee is healthy in mind and
body and embraces challenges versus avoiding them.
Positive emotions include joy, love and surprise. These emotions result from
events.
©201 FlatWorld. 25
170. Describe Affective Events Theory.
Affective Events Theory looks at how events on the job cause different kinds of
people to feel different kinds of emotions.
Surface acting is exhibiting physical signs like smiles to reflect emotions you do
not really feel.
Genuine acting is when individuals are asked to display emotions aligned with
their own.
Many firms operating in multiple countries find their employees face cognitive
dissonance because of the different business practices within those countries.
For example, in China, to secure permission to talk about land purchases, a
major U.S. company’s executives has to make payments directly to village
leaders. Such scenarios created quite a bit of dissonance for those individuals.
173. Name the four building blocks of Emotional Intelligence, and define each.
Social awareness is when you are able to understand how others feel.
Relationship management is when you are able to help others manage their own
emotions and establish supportive relationships with others.
ESSAY
174. You are the new Human Resource manager at Lands Corporation. You have just
completed examining a great deal of company data. Turnover is much higher in
Lands Corporation than at its competitors or the industry average. The data that
you analyzed includes a series of transcripts of exit interviews conducted over
the past eight months. Repeatedly you note that past employees describe being
“burned out” and then leaving the firm. What are some areas you can examine to
develop organizational approaches to address and manage stress?
©201 FlatWorld. 26
There are obviously a host of approaches you can take to help employees
handle stress in Lands Corporation. One starting point might be to look at the
jobs past “burned out” employees were performing. Are the jobs clearly defined?
If the employee does not always know what he is supposed to be doing, he is
more likely to feel stressed.
A second step is to examine those same job descriptions for the amount of
autonomy given to each employee. Stress results when employees feel a lack of
control.
Is the work environment fair, or is your work environment toxic? If the company
does not value its employees and continually creates unfair scenarios for its
employees, stress will result.
Can you find any jobs for which employees are able to telecommute? Working
from home at your own pace obviously reduces stress.
Employee assistance programs are not just for those experiencing problems with
drugs and alcohol but for those experiencing stress that negatively impacts our
lives.
Once you have analyzed Lands Corporation for these issues, you can begin to
create action plans to address the burnout issue and ultimately the turnover.
175. Your roommate has major stress issues every finals week. She becomes so
upset about her exams and papers that she is almost impossible to live with. You
do not want to see her go through these problems this finals week, so you have
decided to discuss with her various approaches she can adopt that may help
calm her during this time. What are some suggestions you could offer her?
You have just read Jack Groppel’s work on Corporate Athletes. You suggest she
concentrate on her mind and body throughout finals week as well as the weeks
leading up to her exams. Let her know that lower stress levels tend to result
when an individual is concerned about good nutrition, focused training and being
positive in his or her actions.
Help her find an activity in which she can immerse herself. Absorption in an
activity makes the individual feel in control, plus makes her more alert and
strong. Greasy foods make you tired. So, watch the fast foods that students are
prone to eating during finals week (and other times).
©201 FlatWorld. 27
Encourage her to psychologically detach, relax, and get some sleep. Sometimes
it’s best to let go of school or work and take a break. Breaks like this can be
energizing and allow you to refocus when you get back on task. You can’t learn a
semester’s worth of material in one night, so absolutely do not pull an all-nighter.
But even more important, don’t work until the wee hours of the night either. Get
rest, and lots of it.
Rely on her social network. Obviously she has you for support, but let her know
that there are others who share her concerns. Use those others for support.
These steps should help her have a calmer finals week this time around.
176. Meredith just brought her elderly mother to live at her house because of her
mother’s current health problems. What are some options her firm might offer her
to help alleviate the work-life conflict she will inevitably experience?
The most obvious and, perhaps, easiest option a firm could offer, would be a
flexible schedule. Flextime usually requires the employee to work some core
hours and then permits that employee to work the remainder either before the
core time or after.
Telecommuting is a second option that the firm could consider. Again most firms
require a set number of days or hours per week when the employee is physically
working from the office. The remainder of days or hours are worked from home
or other remote location.
177. Discuss research findings that support the value of an organization’s attention to
stress management programming?
©201 FlatWorld. 28
178. Should we all have a “good cry” sometime to relieve stress? Why or why not?
Though your parents may have told you to “let it all out, have a good cry”, that
may not be the right answer. Research indicates that crying may not be as
helpful as the old adage suggests. There is no evidence to support the
hypothesis that crying improves your mood or health. In fact, one study
suggested that venting only increases negative effects of negative emotions.
Some research suggests that laughter may actually be the best choice. Crying
may intensify negative feelings and suggest to others that the issue really does
bother you. Criers tended to be more depressed, anxious and hostile than those
who did not cry.
179. Describe the Affective Events Theory and illustrate how it operates in
organizations.
Affective Events Theory looks at how events cause different kinds of people to
feel different kinds of emotions.
180. Define the concept of emotional labor including the three major levels of
emotional labor. Provide a real-world example of each level.
Imagine the worst job listed was customer service representative at a firm like
Target. Complaining customers would make life in that job rather difficult.
Deep acting may be an alternative. In deep acting, you empathize with the
customer. Again, the customer is ranting and raving and you put yourself into his
shoes and actually note that you experienced the same difficulty when you
purchased the same item.
Genuine acting is when individuals are asked to display emotions that are
aligned with their own.
©201 FlatWorld. 29
181. An organizational behavior researcher suggests that not only should mental
intelligence be assessed in each individual, but emotional intelligence should
also be determined. Do you agree?
Either from a support or opposition viewpoint, the student can discuss the various
building blocks. Self-awareness, step one is something that all individuals should
complete. What are you well versed in, what are your shortcomings? How can
you improve on the negatives and cultivate the positives?
Self-management is the phase where you can direct your emotions in a particular
manner when needed. Again, it is not a problem knowing how to direct and
control your emotions and the relevant aspects of the audience supporting them.
Social awareness is when you are able to understand how others feel. Empathy
is a difficult concept, and may not be something many students will feel is a
necessity.
Relationship management is when you help others manage their emotions. Since
many individuals have difficulty managing their own, this may not be a very
well-supported aspect of the emotional intelligence question.
©201 FlatWorld. 30
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of London in the
Jacobite times, Volume II
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Language: English
IN
VOL. II.
LONDON: PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
LONDON
IN
BY
Dᴿ DORAN, F.S.A.
IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II.
LONDON
RICHARD BENTLEY & SON, NEW BURLINGTON STREET
Publishers in Ordinary to Her Majesty the Queen
1877
CHAPTER I.
(1724-’25-’26-’27.)
PAGE
Loyal and Disloyal Printers—Sacheverel—His Death—A
new Toast—Bolingbroke—Bolingbroke’s Adversaries
—In the Lords’ House—Denunciations against him—
An Epigram—Fresh Intrigues—Political Writers—
Wharton, Boasting—Prince William, Duke of
Cumberland—In Kensington Gardens—Seaforth’s
Pardon—Robert Macgregor Campbell—Rob Roy’s
Letter to Wade—Rob Roy in Newgate—Rob Roy in
London—A Note of Alarm—Patriotic Jacobites—
Voltaire—The New Reign—Coronation—Prince
Frederick 1
CHAPTER II.
(1728 to 1732.)
Mist’s Journal—Lockhart of Carnwath—George II. and 27
Lockhart—The Jacobite Cause—Character of the
House of Commons—The King and Queen—
Atterbury weary of Exile—The Prince of Wales at
Church—The Morals and Manners of the Time—
Atterbury, on Mist—Thomson’s ‘Sophonisba’—Cibber
made Poet Laureate—Jacobite Hearne—A Jacobite
Threat—Difficulties in Professional Life—Death of
Defoe—‘Fall of Mortimer’—Duels and Sermons—
Young Lord Derwentwater—A Standing Army—The
Duke’s Grenadiers—General Roguery—Death of
Atterbury—Burial of Atterbury—At Scarborough—
Notorious Jacobites—The Earl of Derwentwater
CHAPTER III.
(1733 to 1740.)
Approaching Storm—Wyndham in Parliament—Political
Sermon—Stormy Debates—The Young Chevalier—
Lord Duffus—The Calves’ Head Club—The Calves’
Head Riot—The ‘30th of January’—Objectionable
Toasts—Foster, in the Old Jewry—The Queen and
the Artist—Chesterfield’s Wit—Scene in Westminster
Hall—Jacobites and Gin-Drinkers—The Stage
fettered—Fear of the Pretender—Walpole, on
Jacobites—Curious Discussion—Safety of the Royal
Family—‘Agamemnon’—The King, in Public—Political
Drama—Henry Pelham and the Jacobites—Jacobite
Prospects—Death of Wyndham 55
CHAPTER IV.
(1741 to 1744.)
Incidents in Parliament—Party Characteristics—On 82
Hounslow Heath—Tories not Jacobites—Condition of
Parties—In Leicester Fields—Awaking of Jacobites—
Chesterfield’s Opinions—King and Elector—Highland
Regiment in London—Desertion of the Men—March
of the Deserters—The Highlanders at Oundle—
Military Execution—Threatened Invasion—Confusion
—Preparations—Declaration of War—Letter from
Hurd—Public Feeling—Lady M. W. Montague—Carte,
the Nonjuror—Carte’s History of England—Various
Incidents—Lady Nithsdale
CHAPTER V.
(1745.)
‘Tancred and Sigismunda’—Political Drama—The young
Chevalier—Feeling in London—Hopes and Fears—
Horace Walpole’s Ideas—Divisions in Families—
Court and City—Varying Opinions—London Wit—The
Parliament—The Radcliffes—The London Jacobites
—The Venetian Ambassador—Monarch and Ministers
—News in private Letters—The London Trainbands—
Scenes at Court—The King’s Speech to the Guards—
Aspects of Society—French News of London—
Anxiety and Confidence—Johnson and Lord Gower—
Bolingbroke 108
CHAPTER VI.
(1746.)
War Criticism—Breaking an Officer—Rebel Prisoners—
London Mobs—Ambassadors’ Chapels—The Havoc
of War—Flying Reports—News of Culloden—A
popular Holiday—Carlyle and Smollett—‘Tears of
Scotland’—Indignation Verses 133
CHAPTER VII.
(1746.)
The Players—Sadler’s Wells and the New Wells— 146
Culloden on the Stage—Mrs. Woffington—The Press,
on Culloden—Savagery and Satire—The
Caricaturists—Pseudo-Portrait of Charles Edward—
The Duke of Ormond—Burial of Ormond—The
Question of Inhumanity—Instigators of Cruelty—The
Prisoners in London—The Duke in Aberdeen—
Looting—The Duke and his Plunder—A Human Head
—‘Sweet William’—Flattery
CHAPTER VIII.
(1746.)
Colonel Towneley—King’s Evidence—Towneley’s Trial
—Conviction—Captain Fletcher—The Manchester
Officers—‘Jemmy Dawson’—The Jacobite Press—
The Condemned Jacobites—Painful Partings—Within
Prison Walls—The Last Morning—Via Dolorosa—At
Kennington Common—Behaviour—Execution—
Heads and Bodies—Other Trials—A Mad Jacobite—
Sir John Wedderburn ‘Bishop’ Coppock 166
CHAPTER IX.
(1746.)
At the Whipping Posts—In Westminster Hall—
Preparations for the new Trials—The Lord High
Steward—The Spectators’ Gallery—Kilmarnock and
Cromartie—Balmerino—The Prosecution—Balmerino
and Murray—‘Guilty, upon my Honour!’—Kilmarnock’s
Apology—Cromartie’s Plea—Balmerino’s Defence—
Balmerino’s Conduct—George Selwyn—Kilmarnock’s
Principles—The Principles of Balmerino—Leniency of
the Government 188
CHAPTER X.
(1746.)
The Duke at Vauxhall—Opinion in the City—In the 207
Tower—Lord Cromartie—Lord Kilmarnock—On Tower
Hill—The Executions—Charles Radcliffe—The Trial—
Mr. Justice Foster—Conduct of Radcliffe—To
Kennington Common—Cibber’s ‘Refusal’—Execution
of Radcliffe—Lovat’s Progress—Hogarth’s Portrait of
Lovat—Arrival at the Tower—Rebels and Witnesses
—Tilbury Fort—French Idea—A London Elector’s Wit
—Trial of Lovat—Scene in Westminster Hall—Father
and Son—The Frasers—Murray of Boughton—
Murray’s Evidence—Cross Examination—The Verdict
—Gentleman Harry—The Death Warrant—Execution
—George Selwyn—Lovat’s Body—The White Horse,
Piccadilly—Jacobite Toasts—The Earl of Traquair—
Plotting and Pardoning—Æneas Macdonald—The
Countess of Derwentwater—Sergeant Smith—The
Jacobite’s Journal—Carte’s History of England—
Hume’s ‘History’—Jacobite Johnson—Johnson’s
Sympathies—Flora Macdonald—Flora’s Sons
CHAPTER XI.
(1748 to 1750.)
Depreciation of the Stuarts—The Government and the
Jacobites—Enlargement of Prisoners—In the Park
and on the Mall—The Statue in Leicester Square—An
Eccentric Jacobite—Gloomy Reports—The
Haymarket Theatre—Treasonable Pamphlets—
Murray and Lord Traquair—Political Meeting—Dr.
King’s Oration—The Earl of Bath—The Laureate’s
Ode—The Jacobite Muse—Prisons and Prisoners
—‘Defender of the Faith’—News for London 256
CHAPTER XII.
(1751 to 1761.)
Death of Great Personages—The New Heir to the 275
Throne—Lord Egmont on Jacobites—In both Houses
—Jacobite Healths—The Royal Family—
Parliamentary Anecdotes—Attempt to make
‘Perverts’—Dr. Archibald Cameron—Before the
Council—Trial of Cameron—The Doctor’s Jacobitism
—Charles Edward, a Protestant—Cameron’s Creed—
The Last Victim—In the Savoy—A Scene at
Richardson’s—Cameron’s Case—A Minor Offender—
Suspicion against the Duke—The Anti-Jacobite Press
—The City Gates
CHAPTER XIII.
(1751 to 1761.)
The old Chevalier and the Cardinal—Roman News in
London Papers—A Son of Rob Roy—Jacobite
Paragraphs—Hume’s ‘History’—At Rome—Hopes
and Interests—Illness of the old Chevalier—
Accession of George III.—King and People—Charles
Edward at Westminster 298
CHAPTER XIV.
(1744 to 1761.)
Charles Edward in Manchester—Miss Byrom’s Diary—
The Visit in 1748—The Visit in 1750—Dr. King and
the Chevalier—Memoranda—Further Memoranda—
Charles Edward’s Statement—The Visit in 1752-3—
Credibility of the Stories—Conflicting Statements—At
the Coronation—At the Banquet—George and
Charles Edward—A Disqualification—The
Protestantism of Charles Edward—Foundation of the
Story 310
CHAPTER XV.
(1761 to 1775.)
State of London—Good Feeling—A Jacobite Funeral—
Dr. Johnson’s Pension—Johnson’s View of it—His
Definition of a Jacobite—Death of the Duke of
Cumberland—Death of the old Chevalier—Funeral
Rites—George III. and Dr. Johnson—Johnson, on
George III.—Johnson’s Pension opposed—A 30th of
January Sermon—Debate on the Sermon—Marriage
of Charles Edward—Walpole, on the Marriage—The
Last Heads on Temple Bar—Dalrymple’s ‘Memoirs’—
Walpole’s Anti-Jacobitism—Anti-Ultramontanism
—‘The Happy Establishment’—Garrick’s Macbeth 328
CHAPTER XVI.
(1776 to 1826.)
A Plebiscite for the Stuarts—The Last of the Nonjuring
Bishops—The Jacobite Muse—Jacobite Johnson—
Boswell on Allegiance—A Jacobite Actress—Burns’s
‘Dream’—Burns on the Stuarts—The Count of Albany
—Robert Strange—Strange’s Adventures—Strange in
London—New Hopes—Strange at St. James’s—The
Jacobite Knighted—Sir Robert and Lady Strange—
Death of Charles Edward—The Countess of Albany
at Court—In the House of Lords—The Countess, on
English Society—Hanoverian Jacobites—Jacobite
Ballads—‘Henry the Ninth’—Hume’s History of the
Rebellion—A Jacobite Drama—The Drama Revised
—Satirical Ballad—Reversal of Attainders—Debate in
the Commons—A Transpontine Play—The Body of
James the Second—Ceremony at St. Germain—
Something New 351
CHAPTER XVII.
VICTORIA.
Old Jacobite Titles—More Restorations—The Cromartie 385
Title—Titles under Attainder—Fitz-Pretenders—
Admiral Allen’s Son and Grandsons—Working
through Literature—The Romance of the Story—‘Red
Eagle’—‘Tales of the Last Century’—The Lever of
Poetry—Poetical Politics—The Black Cockade—The
Allens in Edinburgh—The Succession to the Crown—
A Derwentwater at Dilston—Descent of the Claimant
—Obstacles in Pedigrees—John Sobieski Stuart—
The elder Son of ‘Red Eagle’—Stuart Alliances—
Fuller Particulars—The Stuart-d’Albanies—Jacobite
Lord Campbell—Lord Campbell, on old Judgments—
Time’s Changes—At Chelsea and Balmoral
LONDON
IN
(1724-’25-’26-’27.)
singular illustration of the still partially
LOYAL AND
troubled times which followed is DISLOYAL
furnished by a proceeding of Samuel PRINTERS.
Negus, printer. In 1724 he published a
list of all the printers then exercising their craft in
London, and he most humbly laid it before Lord Viscount
Townshend; no doubt, for his guidance. The list is divided into four
parts. The first consists of those ‘known to be well affected to King
George.’ There are thirty-four of these ultra-loyal fellows, with Negus,
of course, among them. The second list is headed ‘Nonjurors;’ in
this, three names are entered, one of which is ‘Bowyer.’ In the third
list, headed, ‘said to be High Flyers,’ there are two and thirty names;
among them are found Alderman Barber (the friend of Swift, of
Bolingbroke and Pope), Richardson (the novelist), and Mist (the
Jacobite and something more!). The fourth list consists of three
names, ‘Roman Catholics.’ Negus was probably a malicious though
loyal busy-body. His list harmed neither Nonjuror nor High Flyer.
When, in 1729, Mr. Speaker Onslow was instrumental in procuring
for Bowyer the printing of the votes of the House of Commons, an
alarmed and loyal Whig asked Mr. Speaker if he was aware that he
was employing a Nonjuror. ‘I am quite sure of this,’ said Onslow, ‘I
am employing a truly honest man.’ There was no lack of them
among Nonjurors, and it is pleasant to find that even the High Flyers
came soon to be looked upon by reasonable Whigs as honourable
men. In 1732 Alderman Barber was elected by his fellow citizens
Lord Mayor of London; and he was the first printer who enjoyed that
dignity. This is the more remarkable, as poor Mrs. Manley, mistress
of the alderman’s house and of the alderman, had bitterly satirised
the Whig Ministry in her ‘New Atalantis.’ But the lady was now dead,
and the High-Flying Barber lost nothing by his old Jacobite opinions.
In the year 1724, the Nonjurors lost one who had
SACHEVEREL.
been their foremost man till he took the oath of
allegiance; namely Sacheverel. That act of homage to Brunswick
was never forgotten or forgiven by the Jacobites. When Sacheverel
died in the spring of 1724, Hearne could only acknowledge his
boldness and good presence. ‘He delivered a thing better than a
much more modest man, however preferable in learning, could do.’
Hearne sarcastically calls Sacheverel a ‘but,’ and says the best thing
this but ever printed was the speech at his trial, ‘which was none of
his own, but was penned by Dr. Francis Atterbury.’ Hearne’s hardest
hit at this recreant parson is to be found in the following words: ‘He
was but an indifferent scholar, but pretended to a great deal of
honesty, which I could never see in him, since he was the forwardest
to take the oaths, notwithstanding he would formerly be so forward in
speaking for, and drinking the health of, King James III.’
The once famous and audacious Nonjuror, the
HIS DEATH.
friend of Addison when both were young together, lost
caste with the Jacobites without gaining the esteem of the Whigs.
Mist’s High-Flying ‘Weekly Journal,’ of which Sacheverel was once
the Magnus Apollo, recorded his death and burial with no more
ceremony than if he had been an ordinary alderman of no particular
political colour. Perhaps this great reserve showed that sureties
binding Mist to keep the peace were not mere formalities. Not so
with Read and his Whig ‘Weekly.’ On Saturday, June 20, Sacheverel
received therein this charitable notice: ‘Yesterday night was buried,
at St. Andrew’s, Holborn, Dr. Henry Sacheverel, whose virtues are
too notorious to be enlarged upon. One of his most conspicuous
excellences for many years last past was that he got his living in the
high road to—which though through great Mercy he escaped here,
yet some people are so very censorious as to judge,—but this we
look upon to be barbarous and unchristian, and we say we hope the
best, and yet we heartily wish our Hopes were a little better
grounded. However, as there is a good old saying, De mortuis nil nisi
bonum, i.e. “If you speak of the dead, speak in their praise,” and not
being able, upon the strictest enquiry, to find the least commendable
circumstance relating to the Deceased, from his cradle to his coffin,
we choose rather to be silent than uncivil.’
The doctor seemed to recall his oath of allegiance, when he made
a bequest in his will of 500l. to Atterbury. It was an approval, as far
as the sum went, of the efforts of the ex-prelate to dethrone George
I., and to bring in a Popish sovereign, who was not at all reluctant to
promise especial favours to the Church of England! That Atterbury
was watching events in London is now known, from his
correspondence. In one of his letters from Paris to the Chevalier or
‘King,’ he refers with vexation to the conciliatory course the
Government in London was adopting towards the Jacobites: ‘They
are beginning,’ he says, ‘with Alderman Barber on this head, and
have actually offered him his pardon here for 3,000l., which it shall
not be my fault, if he accepts.’ The ex-Jacobite alderman ‘went over,’
in spite of the Jacobite ex-bishop.
The 30th of January sermons (1725) before the Lords, in the
Abbey, and the Commons, in St. Margaret’s, had now almost ceased
to be political. The former was preached by Waugh, Bishop of
Carlisle, from the Book of Chronicles; the latter, by the Rev. Dr.
Lupton, from 1 Samuel xii. 25, a text which had been much preached
on by expounders on both sides: ‘If ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall
be consumed, both ye and your king.’
Against the king in possession, the Jacobites now A NEW TOAST.
and then flung pointless darts. Mist’s Journal uttered
sarcasms against the Westminster mounted Train Bands,
complimenting the most of them for not tumbling out of their saddles.
The same semi-rebel paper recorded with satisfaction, as a sign of
the Duke of Wharton’s principles, that if the little stranger ‘expected
by the Duchess, proved to be a boy, his name should be James; if a
girl, Clementina;’ or, in other words, the child was to be called after
the King or Queen of England, de jure. Not long after, the bold and
roystering London Jacobites were rapturously drinking a health,
which was given by one guest in the form of ‘Henry,’ to which
another added, ‘Benedict,’ a third named ‘Maria,’ and a fourth raised
his glass to ‘Clement.’ In this form, they greeted the birth of the
second son of the Chevalier de St. George. Some ventured to
(prematurely) speak of him as Duke of York. The Whigs looked upon