Project Management

Adapted or modified by the SA&D Team Semester 1, 2021-2022

▪ Part 1
▪ To know the skills required to be an effective project
manager
▪ To describe skills and activities of a project manager
during project initiation, planning, execution and
closedown
▪ Part2
▪ To identify the critical path in a project schedule
▪ To explain Gantt Charts and Network Diagrams
▪ To know about commercial project management software
packages

2
▪ Focus of Project Management
▪ To assure that information system projects meet
customer expectations

Meet
Delivered in a
constraints and
timely manner
requirements
Copyright 2017 © Binary University

3
 Scope • The project work to be completed

• At project completion, no more

Cost money has been spent than was
originally allocated

• The project is delivered no later

Schedule than the original delivery date

• When delivered, the project has all

Quality features and functionality that
were originally required of it
Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden. Systems Analysis and Design

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Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3-5
▪ Project Manager
▪ The person responsible for
▪ Project initiation
▪ Planning
▪ Execution
▪ Closing down
© 2016 Pantheon Technologies, s.r.o. | All rights reserved

▪ The role requires diverse set of skills

▪ Management
▪ Leadership
▪ Technical
▪ Conflict management
▪ Customer relations
Image Source: Rosenblatt & Shelly, Systems Analysis & Design.

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The Art of
Project
Management

Source: Hoffer, George, Valacich. Modern Systems Analysis & Design

7
▪ Project
▪ Planned undertaking of related activities to reach
an objective that has a beginning and an end

▪ Project management
▪ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet the project
requirements (A Guide to the Project Management
Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide))

© 2014 pmwares - All Rights Reserved

8
▪ Five Phases
▪ Initiating
▪ Planning
▪ Executing
▪ Monitoring and controlling
▪ Closing

© 2014 pmwares - All Rights Reserved

1. Establish the project
initiation team
2. Establish a relationship
with the customer
3. Establish the project
initiation plan
4. Establish management
procedures
5. Establish the project
management environment
and workbook
6. Develop the project
charter
2014© Avenew Indonesia All rights reserved

10
1. Describe project scope,
alternatives and feasibility
▪ Scope and Feasibility
▪ Understand the project
▪ What problem is to be addressed
▪ What results are to be achieved
▪ Measures of success
▪ Completion criteria

2. Divide the project into

manageable tasks
▪ Work breakdown structure
▪ Gantt chart

https://www.smartsheet.com/free-work-breakdown-structure-templates

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3. Estimate resources and create a resource plan.
4. Develop a preliminary schedule
▪ Utilize Gantt Charts and Network Diagrams

5. Develop a communication plan

▪ Outline communication processes among customers, team
members and management
▪ Define types of reports and their distribution
▪ Determine frequency of reports

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© 2017 Bisk. All rights reserved.
13
6. Determine project standards and procedures
▪ Specify how deliverables are tested and produced

7. Identify and assess risk

▪ Identify sources of risk
▪ Estimate consequences of risk

8. Create a preliminary budget

Copyright ©SSW 1990-2017. All Rights Reserved

14
9. Develop a project scope statement
▪ Describe what the project will deliver

10. Set a baseline project plan

▪ Estimate of project’s tasks and resources

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http://katyslater.squarespace.com/blog/2014/9/23/the-project-baseline-create-manage-status-and-report-week-to-week
1. Execute baseline project plan
▪ Acquire and assign resources
▪ Train new team members
▪ Keep project on schedule

2. Monitor project progress

▪ Adjust resources, budget, and/or activities

3. Manage changes to baseline project plan

▪ Slipped completion dates
▪ Bungled activity that must be redone
▪ Changes in personnel
▪ New activities

4. Maintain project workbook

5. Communicate project status
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Image Source: http://psemagazine.com/the-art-of-project-execution/
1. Termination
▪ Types of termination:
▪ Natural
▪ Requirements have been met
▪ Unnatural
▪ Project stopped
▪ Documentation
▪ Personnel Appraisal

© Free-Management-eBooks All rights reserved

17
2. Conduct post-project
reviews
▪ Determine strengths and
weaknesses of
▪ Project deliverables
▪ Project management
process
▪ Development process

3. Close customer contract

© 2012-2016 Bright Hub Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Part 2
Critical
Path and
Gantt
Chart
 Network
Gantt Charts
Diagrams

Useful for
depicting simple Show order of
projects or parts activities
of large projects

Show start and

completion dates
for individual
tasks
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 21

https://www.projectmanager.com/gantt-chart
 • Visually show
• Visually show dependencies
duration of between tasks
tasks • Visually show
Gantt • Visually show Network which tasks can
Charts time overlap
Diagrams be done in
between tasks parallel
• Visually show • Show slack time
slack time by data in
rectangles

• In the real world, you’ll rarely use network diagrams to chart the critical
path. Instead, you’ll use Gantt charts to visualize tasks and their
dependencies.

• However, creating network diagrams and mapping critical paths manually

can help you understand the concept better. 22
▪ Network diagramming is a critical path scheduling
technique
▪ (also referred as the Critical Path Method, CPM)

▪ Used when tasks:

Are well-
defined and Can be Serve the
have a clear worked on
Are ordered purpose of
beginning independently
of other tasks the project
and end
point

▪ Major strength is ability to show how completion times

vary by activity
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▪ With an activity on node (AON) network diagram, the nodes
indicate the precedence relationship and the arrows represent
the project's activities
▪ Calculates the longest path of planned activities to logical end
points or to the end of the project, and the earliest and latest
that each activity can start and finish without making the
project longer.
▪ This process determines which activities are "critical" (i.e., on
the longest path) and which have "total float" (i.e., can be
delayed without making the project longer).
▪ In project management, a critical path is the sequence of
project network activities which add up to the longest overall
duration.
▪ This determines the shortest time possible to complete the
project. There can be 'total float' (unused time) within the
critical path. 24
1. Identify each activity such as

• Requirements collection
• Screen design
• Report design
• Database construction
• User documentation creation
• Software programming
• Installation and testing

2. Determine time estimates and expected

completion times for each activity

Estimated time
calculations for
the project 25
 3. Determine sequence of activities

4. Determine the critical path

• Sequence of events that will affect the final project delivery
date

A network diagram that illustrates the activities

Sequence of activities within the project (circles) and the sequence (arrows) of those
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activities
Nodes - to represent the activity
Arrows - to represent precedence relationships

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✓ List down the steps involved in making a network
diagram and conduct critical path analysis

✓ Do “Exercise in Class” Activity

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▪ Many systems are available
▪ Three activities are required:

1. Establish project start or end date

2. Enter tasks and assign task relationships
3. Select scheduling method to review project reports

• Additional: critical path is calculated automatically by project

scheduling software.

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▪ Skills of an effective project manager
▪ Responsibilities of a project manager
▪ Project management process (four phases)

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Close down
▪ Gantt charts and network diagrams (critical path
analysis)
▪ Commercial PM software

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