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PDF Integral Definida y Sus Aplicaciones Compress
PDF Integral Definida y Sus Aplicaciones Compress
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Datndátmla Apcmla`a
a chs Inghlmhs
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Hokn
Hoknttmvh `n ca lc
lcas
asnn vm
vmrt
rtua
uacc
✜ Laclucar y apcmlar ca mitngrac `nemim`a
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
MIPNG_AC @NEMIM@
@NE MIM@A
A
o
Láclu
Lácluch
ch `n uia mit
mitngr
ngrac
ac `nem
`nemim
im`a
`a
Pnhrnda eui`adnitac `nc Lácluch
Lác luch
\m ns uia euilmüi lhitmiua ni 22 y ns luacqumnr aitm`nrmva`a `n , nithilns
o o
a
e ( x)`x 4 G ( x )a 4 G (o) ∟ G (a )
Hosnrvalmüi
Zara laclucar ca mitngrac `nemim`a, ih ns inlnsarmh lhchlar lhistaitn ni ca aitm`nrmva`a.
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Nkndpch
0 0
? 1 < 1
a x `x 4 < x
1 50
1
?1
4 ∟ 4
1 <
∟1 > ∟1
o ∟? x
∟
(0n ∟? x ∟ )`x 4 ∟?n ? ∟ > ci
x
x
∟?
4
( ∟ ?n? ∟ > ci(1) ) (
∟ ?n0
∟ ∟ > ci(?) ) 4
=7,66<...
o l o
e ( x)`x 4 e ( x)`x + e ( x)`x
<.
a a l
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Nknrlmlmhs rnsuncths
1 Laclucn nc vachr `n cas smgumnitns mitngracns `nemim`as;
> ? <
a 1
1<> x 1 + < x `x o ∟?
(< ∟ > x )n ∟? x
`x l
1
(= x ? + 6 x) ci
ci(> x) `x
\hculmüi.
> >
1
1<> x 1 + < x `x 4 5(1 + <x)>/ ? ∟ 1:(1 + <x)</ ? 4
1
><=? Mitngrac mi`nemim`a - Nknrlmlmh ?a
Mitngrac
Ladomh `n varmaocn
varmaocn;; 4 1 <
? Mitngrac
Mitngrac mi`nemim`a - Nknrlmlmh >a
? n ∟? x
o (< ∟ > x)n ∟? x `x 4 0 (1: 1)
∟ 4 ?65,7?7... Mitngralmüi phr partns
x
∟? ∟? 4 < > 4
y ∟
< <
l ci(> x) `x 4 (< x< + 0 x ? ) ci(> x) ∟ x< ∟ ? x ? 4 ?5<,>7>...
(= x ? + 6 x) ci Mitngralmüi phr partns
1 1
4 ci > 4 (= 6)
y
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
4 , 4 , 4 y 4
`hi`n ≮ ni 22
(ca gráemla `n nstá phr nilmda `n ca gráemla `n ).
?
Ac lhi
histstru
rumr
mr nc lrhq
hqumumss `n ui tnrrni
rrnih,h, sn fa `nt
`ntnrd
rdmmia
ia`h
`h qun tmni
ninn ca ehrd
hrda `n ca rngmüi
müi qun
nstá
nstá cm
cmdm
dmta
ta`a
`a ph
phrr ca
cass gr
gráe
áeml
mlas
as `n ca
cass euil
euilmh
mhin
inss 4 1:
y 1: ??
?? 4 6 5
.
ao \hd
\hdor
ornn
\m sn nn
dm ca
`nrn
dm`n rngmü
nigmüi
i trhs
dn
dntr y la
hslacl
y cluc
uiucn
n su
dn
dntrtrhhár
árna
na.a`r
lu . ra`
lua` a`hh vac
acnn 1:
1:::
:: `ü
`üca
carn
rns,
s, lacl
lacluc
ucnn nc vachr
achr `n
`ncc tnr
nrrn
rnih
ih..
\hculmüi.
4
(?x<
? ∟? x
+16 x ∟ ?6 )7`x
4 ∟ + = x ? ∟ ?6x 4 01,557 d?
< ?
a \m sndm
euilmhins `n4ni6dn
dm`n < hs,y , lalaclclucucn4n nc<5árárna
trhs
dntr na`n. ca rngmüi .
rngmüi
o \m ui dntr
dntrhh lua`
lua`ra
ra`h
`h vac
acnn 1?
1?::
:: `ü
`üca
carn
rns,
s, la
lacl
cluc
ucnn nc vachr
achr `n
`ncc tn
tnrr
rrni
nih.
h.
\hculmüi.
4 0 x
?
<
x
<
+ <x + <5 x ∟ 4
:
0> + 0> 4 =: d
?
<
<
: < 5
o Nc vachr `nc tnrrnih ns `n 1:6::: `ücarns
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
0 Lacl
Lacluc
ucnn nc árna `n ca rng
ngmü
müi
i cmcmdm
dmta
ta`a
`a ph
phrr ca
cass gr
gráe
áemlas `n 4 0, 4 ? n
mlas
4 ? .
\hculmüi.
a Aoslmsas `n chs puiths `n mitnrsnllmüi;
0
0 4 ?, 0 4? y ? 4 ?
4 < 4> 4:
: >
A( _) 4
∟<
x + 0 ∟ ( ∟ x ∟ ?) `x +
:
x+0 ∟ ( x ∟ ?) `x
: >
?( x + 0)</ ? x ? ?( x + 0)</ ? x ?
4 + + ?x + ∟ + ?x
< ? ∟< < ? :
<7 51
4 + 4 u
?
5 5 15,<<...
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
\hculmüi.
_nndpcazai`h 4 5 ni ca euilmüi , sn hotmnin 4 1.
7 7
1? x
A( _ ) 4 `x 4 ?(? x + ?)</ ? ∟ 1?(? x + ?)1/ ? 4 66 d
?
1 ?x + ?
1
4 `msp
`mspun
unst
sth
h a ga gast
star
ar ac lhlhdp
dpra
rarr
prh`ulthr ac vni`nr uim`a`ns y ca
uim`a`ns y su gasth rnac. lait
laitm`
m`a`
a` `n `m `min
inrh
rh qu
qun
n nsnsta
tarä
räa
a
4 `mspunsth a rnlmomr.
: :
4 ns ca euil
euilmümüi
i `n `nda
`ndai`i`aa `n `m
`mlf
lfhh omni
omni.. 4 ns ca eueuililmümüii `n henr
henrta
ta `n `m
`mlf
lfhh omni
omni..
ns ca la
uim lait
itm`
m`a`
a` `n omomni
nins
ns qun
qun sn vni
ni`n
`ni
i ac prnl
prnlmh
mh ns ca lait
uim laitm`
m`a`
a` `n omni
omnins
ns qun
qun sn vni
ni`n`ni
i ac pr
prnl
nlmh
mh
uimta rmh `n uim`a
tarmh uim`a`ns`ns dhint
dhintarma
armas.
s. uimta rmh `n uim`a
tarmh uim`a`ns`ns dhint
dhintarma
armas.
s.
Nc nx
nxln
ln`n
`nit
itnn `n
`ncc lh
lhis
isud
udm` hr () nst
m`hr nstá `a`h
`a`h phr
phr Nc nx
nxln
ln`n
`nit
itnn `n
`ncc pr
prh`
h`ul thrr () nst
ulth stáá `a`h
`a`h ph
phrr
4 න 4 න
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Za
Zara
ra lm
lmnr
nrth
th prh`
prh`ululth
th,, ca
cass euil
euilmh
mhin
inss `n `nda
`ndai`a
i`a y `n henr
henrta
ta shi
shi y
4 :,1 6: 4 :,< <:,
5
`hi`n ns ca laitlaitm`
m`a`
a` `n prh`prh`ul
ulth
thss y ns nc prnl
prnlmhmh ui
uimt
mtar
armh
mh ni shcn
shcns.
s.
a La
Lacl
cluc
ucnn nc nx
nxln
ln`n
`nit
itnn `nc
`nc lh
lhis
isud
udm` m`hr
hr y nc nxln
nxln`n
`nit
itnn `n
`ncc pr
prh`
h`ul
ulth
thrr ni nc nq
nqum
umcm
cmor
ormh
mh `n dn
dnrl
rla`
a`h.
h.
o Grafiqun cas eui
euilmh
lmhins
ins `n henrt
henrtaa y shd
shdor
ornn
nn ca
cass rngmh
rngmhins
ins qun rnrnprn
prnsni
snitai
tai `ml
`mlfhs
fhs nx
nxln`
ln`nit
nitns.
ns.
\hculmüi.
a Zuith `n nqumcmormh; o
4:,1 6:
:,1 6: 4 :,< <: ⇟ 4 1:, 4 1?,> 4 7:
Nxln`nitn `nc lhisudm`hr;
1:
1: ∟ x<
4 : (∟:,1x ? + 6:) ∟ 7: `x 4 :,1
<
+ 1: x 4 55,57 shcns
:
4 :,< <:
Nxln`nitn `nc prh`ulthr;
1:
1: x?
7: ∟ (:, <x ? + x + <:) `x 4 0: x ∟ :,1x< ∟ ? 4
4 : :
?>: shcns
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
7 Zara lmnr
lmnrtth prh`
prh`ul
ultth, cas nlu
luaalm
lmhi
hinns `n `n
`nda
dai`
i`aa y `n hen
henrt
rtaa shi
shi rnsp
spnnltm
ltmvad
adni
nittn
( 1) 4 ?: (1? ?) 4 <:
y , `hi`
i`nn ns ca laitm`a` `n prh`ulths y ns nc
prnlmh
prnlmh uim
uimta
tarmh
rmh ni `üc
`ücar
arns.
ns.
a LaLacl
cluc
ucnn nc nx
nxln
ln`n
`nit
itnn `nc
`nc prh`
prh`ululth
thrr ni nc nqum
nqumcm
cmor
ormh
mh `n dn
dnrl
rla`
a`h.
h.
o \hdornn cas rngmhins qun rnprnsnitai chs nxln`nitns `nc lhi hissudm`hr y `nc
prh`ulthr.
\hculmüi. o
6 Zara lm
lmnnrth
rth prh`
prh`ul
ultth, ca
cass eui
uillmhin
mhinss `n hen
henrt
rtaa y `n `nd
ndai
ai`a
`a shi rnspnl
pnltmvad
adnnit
itnn
4 ? 4 6
y , `h
`hi`
i`nn ns ca la
lait
itm`
m`a`
a` `n pr
prh`
h`ul
ultths y ns nc pr
prnnlmh
lmh
aui
uimt
mtar
\armh
mhoni
hd rnnsh
shcn
ccns.
ass. rNc
ngprnl
pr
mhnlmh
inmh
s `n
qunnq
nqum
rumcm
npcmor
rormh
nsmh
nins `nc?hsshcn
tai shncns
xlsnph
phr
`nriui
uim`
tnsm`a`
`a`.
nc. lhisu
isudm`hr y `nc
`nc
prh`
prh`ululth
thrr ni nc nq nqum
umcm
cmor
ormh
mh `n dn
dnrl rla`
a`hh
o Lac
Lacluc
lucnn chs nx
nxln`
ln`nitnitns
ns `nc lhi
lhisud
sudm`h m`hrr y `nc prh
prh`ul
`ulthr
thr.. a
\hculmüi. 4 6
Zuith `n nqumcmormh; 4 ? y 4 ?
o Nxln`nitn `nc lhisudm`hr;
?
? < ?
:
(∟ x ? ∟ x + 6) ∟ ? `x 4 ∟ x ∟ x + 5 x 4 7,<< shcns
shcns
:
4 < ?
4 :
< :
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
Ca nlua
nlualm
lmüi
üi `n `n
`nda
dai`
i`aa `n lm
lmnr
nrtth prh`
prh`ul
ultth ns `hi`n
4 ?7:
?7::: rnprnsnita
=
nc prnl
prnlmh
mh ui
uimt
mtar
armh
mh ni `ü
`üca
carn
rnss lu
luai
ai`h`h sn `nda
`ndai`i`ai
ai uim`a`ns.
La
Lacl
`ncluc
ucnn`hncqu
dh
dh`h nxnln
qun ln`n
nc`nit
itn
migr
mi nnsh
grns`nc
`n
h csna
snlahisu
hidá
sudm
dm`h
dáxm `hr
xmdh
dh..r lu
luai
ai`h
`h ca la
lait
itm`
m`a`
a` y nc pr
prnnlmh
lmh sn `n
`ntn
tnrd
rdmi
miai
ai
\hculmüi.
4 ?7::
?7::
Daxmdmzalmüi `nc migrnsh;
() 4 ?7::
‿ 4 ??7:
7::: < ⇟ .∵
. ∵ 4 <: 16::
Nc Uach
achrr alu
aluduc
duca`h
a`h ( ) `n ca euil
euilmmüi lhitm
hitmiu
iuaa Nc Uach
achrr prh
prhdn`
dn`mhmh ( ) `n ca eui
uilmlmüi
üi lhi
hittmi
miua
ua
ni nc mit
mitnrv
nrvach
ach 22
, nstá
nstá `a
`a`h
`h ph
phrr ni nc mit
mitnrv
nrvach
ach
22 , nstá `a
`a`h
`h ph
phrr
4 න 4
DAPNDÁPMLA AZCMLA@A A CH\ INGHLMH\
Z_HG_ADA @N N\P^@MH\ GNIN_ACN\
Á_NA @N LMNILMA\
1:
@nspuíss `n snd
@nspuí sndaia
aias,
s, ca lhc
lhcnl
nlta
ta hrg
hrgaim
aimza`
za`aa phr uia ash
ashlma
lmalm
lmüi
üi oniífila sn alu
aluduca
ducaoa
oa
a razüi
züi `n ∟, >::
shcns
shc ns phr snd
sndaia
aia..
ao La
Lacl
cluc
ucnnn nc
Lacluc
Laclucn ca th
thta
tac
rnl c `nalmüi
rnlau`
au`alm`min
`müi
inrh
rh
prhrnla
rndn`mh
prhdn`lau`
u`a`
mha`h
h `u
snd`ura
rait
sndaia citn
aiac n ca
`urcas
s lm
`urait lmil
aitnnilh
cash lmi
pr
prmd
mdnr
lhnras
lmilh asdnra
prm sn
snda
prmdn daia
s ias.
ras s. aias.
snd
sndaia s.
\hculmüi.
∟:,:1x
@P 4 >:: xn∟:,:1x `x 4 ∟>:::: xn ∟ >::::::n∟:,:1x 4 5:0>,>:
:
:
11
Ca
Cass ut
utmc
mcm`
m`a`
a`nsns `n uiuiaa nd
ndpr
prns
nsaa sn al
alud
uducucai
ai a raz
azüi
üi `n (?(?7:
7::
:)) 1 <
shcn
shcnss ph
phrr dn
dns,
s,
`hi`n rnprnsnita nc iûdnrh `n dnsns traislurrm`hs `ns`n nc 1 `n ninrh `nc
prnsnit
prns nitnn añh.
a Lacl
Laclucucnn ca ut
utmc
mcm`
m`a`
a` al
alud
uduc
uca`
a`aa `u
`urrai
aittn chs
chs dn
dnsnsnss `n enor
nornr
nrh,
h, darz
darzh,
h, aorm
aormcc y da
dayyh
`nc prnsni
prnsnitn tn añh
añh..
o LacLacluc
lucnn ca utm
utmcm`
cm`a`
a` prh
prhdn`
dn`mh mh dni
dnisua
suacc `ur
`urait
aitnn nc pnr
pnräh`
äh`hh `nc ät
ätnd
nd ait
aitnrm
nrmhr
hr..
\hculmüi.
a Ca utmcm`a` aluduca`a `uraitn chs dnsns `n enornrh, darzh, aormc y dayh `nc prnsnitn añh ns
> (*) >
^ AL 4
1
?7:: x 1 + < x `x 4 1?:(1 + <x)>/ ? ∟ ?::(1 + <x)</ ? 4 1:760:
1
Ca utmcm`a` aluduca`a `uraitn chs dnsns `n enornrh, darzh, aormc y dayh eun `n 1:760: shcns.
o Ca utmcm`a` prhdn`mh dnisuac `uraitn nc pnräh`h mi`mla`h eun `n ?5=5: shcns. (1:760:/0)
1? ^i eaorml
ormlaaitn
itn `n papait
itaachin
chinss mig
igrrnsa
nsa a tr
trao
aoaakar
kar a ca
cass 6;
6;::
:: fhfhrras y pr
prh`
h`ululnn a raz
azüi
üi `n (1> )
+
paita
paitachi
chins
ns phr fhr
fhra,
a, `hi
`hi`n`n ns nc iûiûdn
dnrh
rh `n fhr
fhras `ns`
`ns`nn qu
qunn mi
migr
grns
nsaa ac tr
trao
aoak
akh.
h.
a LaLacl
cluc
ucnn nc iû
iûdn
dnrh
rh `n papait
itac
achi
hins
ns qu
qunn prh`
prh`ul
ulmr
mráá nitr
nitrnn cas
cas =;:
=;::: y cas
cas 1<
1<;:
;::
: fh
fhra
ras.
s.
o ¸L¸Luá
uácc ns ca prh`
prh`ul
ullmlmüi
üi prhd
prhdn` n`mh
mh ph
phrr fh
fhra
ra `n nstn
nstn ea
eaor
orml
mlai
aitn
tn ni
nitr
trnn cas
cas =;:
=;::: y cas
cas 1<;::
1<;:: fh
fhra
ras.
s.
\hculmüi.
a Nc iûdnrh `n paitachins qun prh`ulmrá nitrn cas =;:: y cas 1<;:: fhras ns
>
<: x (*) >
ZAL 4
1
1> + ?
x +<
`x 4
1> x + 1> ci( x + <)
?
1
4 6=,1=
o Ca prh`ullmüi prhdn`mh phr fhra nitrn cas =;:: y cas 1<;:: fhras ns `n ?? paitachins. (6=/0)
1< Nc prnlmh `nc bmchgradh `n larin `n luy audnita a razüi `n shcns phr dns, ?:ci( ?)
`hi`n ns nc iûdnrh `n dnsns traislurrm`hs `ns`n mimlmh `n añh.
Laclucn nc prnlmh prhdn`mh `nc bmchgradh `n larin `n luy `uraitn chs luatrh prmdnrhs
dnsns `nc añh.
\hculmüi.
Nc prnlmh prhdn`mh `nc bmchgradh `n larin `n luy `uraitn chs luatrh prmdnrhs dnsns `nc añh ns
0 (*)
1
0
Zprhd 4 ci( x + ?) `x 4 > x ci
?: ci ci( x + ?) ∟ x + ? ci( x + ?) : 4 ?5,6?1...
0 :
Nc prnlmh prhdn`mh `nc bmchgradh `n larin `n luy `uraitn chs luatrh prmdnrhs dnsns `nc añh eun `n ?5,6? shcns.