BASIC 2

TOPICS Page
Simple Present 2

Daily Routine 8

Prepositions of Time 18

Simple Past (Verb “To Be”) 24

(Middle Test)

Simple Past (All other verbs) 33

Me too / Me neither 52

Like, love, hate, prefer, dislike and 53

enjoy
Adverbs of manner 55

Present Perfect 57

(Final Test)

1
 Simple Present
❖ The simple present is used to describe habits or routines, unchanging situations, general
truths, and fixed arrangements, etc.

El tiempo presente se usa para describir hábitos o rutinas, situaciones inmutables, verdades
generales y preparativos fijos.

Affirmative Negative Question Answer

I study English. I don’t study English. Do I study English? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t

You study English. You don’t study English. Do you study English? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t

We study English. We don’t study English. Do we study English? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.

They study English. They don’t study English. Do they study English? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
Third person

He studies English. He doesn’t study English. Does he study English? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

She studies English. She doesn’t study English. Does she study English? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

It studies English. It doesn’t study English. Does it study English? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.

A continuación se muestra la estructura básica del presente simple.

Nota: Para el presente simple la única excepción a esta estructura es el verbo “To Be”

Affirmative Negative
Verb in base Rest of Auxiliary Verb in Rest of
Subject Subject
form sentence Verb base form Sentence
I I
You You don’t
in
live (do
We Guatemala We not) in
They They live Guatemal
Verb + (-s, Rest of a
Subject He
-es, -ies) sentence doesn’t
She (does
He not)
in It
She lives
Guatemala
It
2
 Simple Present
Question
Auxiliary Verb in Rest of
Subject sentence
Verb base form

You
Do
We
in
They live
Guatemala
He

Does She

It

Short answer

Auxiliary
Yes, Subject No, Subject Auxiliary Verb
Verb

I I

You You don't

Do (do not)
We We

Yes, They No, They

He He
Doesn’t
She does She
(does not)
It It
3
Simple Present

4
Simple Present
Uses

5
❖ To form the third person singular for simple present verbs, follow these rules:

# Rules for the 3rd person singular (he / she / it) Examples
1 • eat - eats
For most verbs, add -s. • sing - sings
Para la mayoría de los verbos, agregue -s. • like - likes
• play - plays
2 • carry - carries
If a verb ends in consonant + -y, change -y to -i and add -es.
• try - tries
Si un verbo termina en cosonante + -y, cambia la –y a –i y agrega -es.
• study – studies
3 • miss - misses
• buzz - buzzes
• wash - washes
If a verb ends with -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x, or -o, add -es.
• watch - watches
Si un verbo termina com –s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x, o -o, agrega -es.
• mix - mixes
• go - goes
• do – does
4 • be - is
For the verbs be and have, use is and has.
• have - has

❑ Choose a verb from the box, and write the correct simple present form in the sentences below.

6
❑ Choose a verb from the box, and write the correct negative form in the sentences below.

7
 Daily Routine
What is your daily routine?
❑ Benji’s morning routine

❑ Answer the following questions

0. What is the bear’s name? R// The bear’s name is Benji

1. What does Benji put on his toast? R// __________________________________________

1. What time does Benji wake up? R// ___________________________________________

1. What does Benji drink in the morning? R// ______________________________________

1. How does Benji get to the park? R// ___________________________________________

8
 Daily Routine
What is your daily routine?
❑ Benji’s afternoon routine

❑ Answer the following questions

1. What does Benji do in the afternoon? R//________________________________________

1. What color does Benji use? R// ________________________________________________

1. How does Benji feel after he paints? R// ________________________________________

1. What does Benji have for lunch? R// ___________________________________________

9
 Daily Routine
What is your daily routine?
❑ Benji’s evening routine

❑ Answer the following questions

1. What does Benji like to do in the evening? R//____________________________________

1. What does Benji see out the window? R// _______________________________________

1. What pet does Benji have? R// ________________________________________________

1. What does Benji read before he goes to sleep? R// ________________________________

10
Daily Routines
Vocabulary

11
 Daily Routines
❑ Here are some actions that people do every day.
Write questions and answers for each picture.

12
Daily Routines

13
 Daily Routines
Expressions
❑ Listen and repeat these sentences
My Morning Routine My Evening Routine
• I get up at 6:00 am. • I get home from work at 5:30
• I go for a jog every morning. • I make dinner at 6:00 pm.
• I take a shower at 6:45 am. • I go to my English class after dinner.
• I get dressed. • I get home from school at 8:15 pm.
• I get dressed. • I study for an hour.
• I eat breakfast at 7:00 am. • I watch TV every night.
• I brush my teeth after breakfast. • I go to bed at 10:30
• I go to work at 7:30 • I log in to my class at 7:00pm

❑ Answer the following questions.

1. Do you eat breakfast or brush your teeth first?
I eat breakfast first _____________________________________________________________

2. Do you take a shower or exercise first?

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you go to school or eat lunch first?

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you wash the dishes or eat dinner first?

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. Do you do your homework or watch TV first?

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. When do you wake up in the morning?

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. What do you do right after you wake up?

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. Do you usually take a shower or a bath?

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Where do you get dressed?

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. What do you do in the evening?

14
_____________________________________________________________________________
 Daily Routines
Questions and Answers
❑ Read the questions and answers about daily routines.

❑ Practice asking and answering questions using complete sentences. Use the words in
parentheses to help you.

15
Daily Routines
Questions and Answers

16
Daily Routines
Questions and Answers

17
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On
❑ Let’s learn about these common prepositions of time: at, in, and on.

18
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On
❑ Let’s learn about these common prepositions of time: at, in, and on.

La reunión empieza a las 9:00

Ven a mi casa a las 7:30pm

Almorzamos al medio día.

Usualmente estoy dormido a la media noche.

Miramos televisión en la noche.

Quítate tu sombrero a la hora de cenar.

Ella quiere pizza a la hora del almuerzo.

Tomo un baño en la mañana.

Tienes clases de Ingles
en la tarde.
Estudiamos en la noche.

Mi cumpleaños es en Junio.

Ella fue a Europa en 2015.

Acampamos en el verano.
Ellos les gusta esquiar en el invierno.

19
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On
❑ Exercise 1
Complete the sentences with at, on, or in

20
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On
❑ Exercise 2
Complete the dialogues

21
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On

❑ Exercise 3
Write sentences by adding at, on or in in the right spot.

22
 Prepositions of Time
At / In / On

❑ Exercise 4
Answer the following questions.

1. What time does this class start? 7. What do you usually do on Christmas Day?
2. What do you usually do at 6:00 pm? 8. What time do you usually wake up?
3. What do you usually do on the weekend? 9. What time do you usually go to bed?
4. When is your birthday? 10. What do you like to do in the summer?
5. When is your favorite holiday?

23
 SIMPLE PAST
Verb “To Be”
❖ We use the simple past to talk about finished actions that happened in the past.

Verb “To be”

Affirmative
S + was/were + …
(was/were)
Negative
S + wasn’t / weren’t + …
Question
was/were + S + …
Answer
Yes, S + was/were
? No, S + wasn’t/weren’t

I was a student. I wasn’t (was not) a student. Was I a student? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

You were happy. You weren’t (were not) happy. Were you happy? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.

We were friends. We weren’t friends. Were we friends? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.

They were late. They weren’t late. Were they late? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

He was nervous. He wasn’t nervous. Was he nervous? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.

She was a secretary. She wasn’t a secretary. Was she a secretary? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.

It was perfect. It wasn’t perfect. Was it perfect? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

24
 SIMPLE PAST

Verb “To Be”

❑ Complete the table below.

No Simple Present Simple Past

1 I am late. I was late
2 Are they hungry? Were they hungry?
3 Thomas isn’t at school.
4 Why is she late?
5 My brother is a doctor.
6 They aren’t here.
7 Eva is a teacher.
8 Is Mr. Smith a taxi driver?
9 Where are your books?
10 Are you a student?
11 What is that?
12 Sue isn’t tired.
13 My students are the best.
14 Why are you happy?
15 The pen is blue.
16 Am I the winner?
17 Is the answer correct?
18 Who is sick?
19 We are hungry.
20 That is funny.
25
 SIMPLE PAST

Verb “To Be”

Exercise 1

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Put the correct past tense form of Be in the blanks below.

Ex. Eva was sick yesterday.

1. We in the same class last year.

1. I ________________tired after a long day at work.

1. The weather beautiful yesterday.

1. My teachers really good last semester.

1. The children hungry after so much exercise.

1. The wind very strong last night.

1. She so happy last week.

1. They nervous on the first day of school.

1. Luckily, the windows closed during the rainstorm.

1. We very happy to get your invitation last week.

You can continue practicing here: Worksheet

26
 SIMPLE PAST

Verb “To Be”

Exercise 2

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

Finish the following sentences using the negative form of Be in the past tense.

Ex. I am at work today, but I wasn’t at work yesterday. _________________________________

1. It is cold outside today, but

_____________________________________________________________

2. She is sick today, but

_________________________________________________________________

3. They are at school today, but

__________________________________________________________

4. The TV show is good today, but

________________________________________________________

5. The peaches are sweet today, but

______________________________________________________

6. The class is interesting today, but

_______________________________________________________

7. He is angry today, but

________________________________________________________________

8. The door is locked today, but

__________________________________________________________

9. The exercises are easy today, but

_______________________________________________________

10. The children are tired today, but

_________________________________________________________
27
 SIMPLE PAST

Verb “To Be”

Exercise 3

❑ Write the questions using the prompt and the simple past tense.

# Prompt(sugerencia) Question Answer

Ex you / at home/ last night / no Were you at home last night? No, I wasn’t.

Ex he / late / last week / yes Was he late last week? Yes, he was.

She / at school / yesterday / no

1

They / at the movies / last

2 weekend / no

We / at the gym / last week / no

3

I / at the mall / last month / yes

4

They / in another country / last

5 year / no

She / tired / last night / Yes

6

He / angry / last week / No

7

8 You / sick / last month / yes

He / excited / about your last

9
birthday / yes

You / happy / during your last

10
vacation / yes

28
 SIMPLE PAST – Where were you?
Vocabulary

at the mall at school

at a movie at a restaurant on a train

at the dentist’s at the doctor’s in the garden

in the shower in the bath in bed

29
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write a question and answer for each image

below.

30
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Find out what everyone did last week.

Where were they last week?

1. Where was Danielle at 3:00 pm? 7. Where was Danielle at 7:00 am?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

2. Where was Ben at 7:00 am? 8. Was Ben at the mall at 8:00pm?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

3. Where was Danielle at 11:00 pm? 9. Was Danielle in the garden at 8:00 pm?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

4. Was Danielle at the park at 12:00 pm? 10. Where was Ben at 3:00 pm?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

5. Where was Ben at 11:00 pm? 11. Were you in bed at 11:00pm last night?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

6. Was Ben at school at 12:00 pm? 12. Where were you at 8:00 am this morning?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

31
MIDDLE
TEST

32
 SIMPLE PAST
All other Verbs
❖ We use the simple past to talk about finished actions that happened in the past.

All other verbs

Question Answer
Affirmative Negative
Did + S + V(infinitive) + Yes, S + did
S + V(Preterite) + … S + didn’t + V(infinitive) + …
…? No, S + didn’t

I studied English. I didn’t (did not) study English. Did I study English? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

You went to school. You didn’t go to school. Did you go to school? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t.

We did our homework. We didn’t do our homework. Did we do our homework? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.

They lived in London. They didn’t live in London. Did they live in London? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

He ate pizza yesterday. He didn’t eat pizza yesterday. Did he eat pizza yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

She wrote an email. She didn’t write an email. Did she write an email? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.

It rained last night. It didn’t rain last night. Did it rain last night? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t.

33
 SIMPLE PAST

Time
Example
Markers
Yesterday I cleaned my room yesterday.
He watched TV yesterday morning.
She listened to music yesterday night.
Last I studied English last night.
I read ten books last year.
I exercised a lot last week. I’m exhausted..
Ago I played “Call of Duty” four days ago. / Four days ago, I played “Call of Duty”.
I started working as a teacher three months ago.
I worked until late in the evening a week ago.
Six weeks ago, we moved to New York.
When He learned to swim when he was 21 years old.
When I graduated from university, I applied for many Jobs.
I laughed when she told me a joke.

“Last Christmas I gave you my heart but the very next day you gave it away.”
34
SIMPLE PAST
Affirmative Sentences

Negative Sentences

35
SIMPLE PAST

Questions

36
 SIMPLE PAST

How do we spell regular past verbs?

Follow these simple rules:
# Rule Examples

• Like → liked
• Arrive → arrived
1 If a verb ends in -e, add -d.
• Decide→ decided
• Carry 🡪 carried
• Try 🡪 tried
2 If a verb ends in consonant + -y, change -y to -i and add -ed.
• Study 🡪 studied
• Play 🡪 played
• Stay 🡪 stayed
3 If a verb ends in vowel + -y, add -ed.*
• Enjoy 🡪 enjoyed
• Hug 🡪 hugged
If a verb ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pattern, • Plan 🡪 planned
4
double the final consonant and add -ed.** • Stop 🡪 stopped
• Watch 🡪 watched
• Ask 🡪 asked
5 For all other verbs, add -ed.
• Clean 🡪 cleaned

37
 SIMPLE PAST
Pronunciation Rules:
Regular Past Verbs
Follow these simple rules:
# Rule Examples

• asked • danced • Dressed

If the verb ends with a voiceless (soft)
1 • Looked • Washed • Helped
sound, pronounce the –ed ending as t.
• Stopped • watched • kissed
If the verb ends with a voiced (loud) sound • Agreed • Called • Explained
or any vowel sound, pronounce the –ed • Allowed • Changed • Happened
2 ending as d.
• answered • cleaned • loved
If the verb ends with the sounds t or d, • Accepted • Invented • Repeated
3
pronounce the –ed ending as Id (as a • Decided • Painted • Wanted
separate syllable) • Ended • Presented • Visited

Past-Tense Regular Verb Pronunciation

(Audio)

38
SIMPLE PAST

39
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write the simple past form of the verbs below

Regular Verbs

talked

40
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write the simple past form of the verbs below

Irregular Verbs

went

41
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write the simple past form of the verbs below

❑ Write the negative past form of the verbs in the

sentences.

42
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write the simple past form of the verbs below

43
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write questions using simple past.

# Key words Questions Short Answers

Ex1 I / study / last night / yes Did I study last night? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
She / buy / new car / last year Did she buy a new car last Yes, she did. / No, she
Ex1
/ no year? didn’t.
1 You / eat breakfast /
yesterday / no
2 He / talk to a friend / last
week / yes
3 They / go to a movie / last
weekend / no
4 You / make a new friend /
last Friday / yes
5 We / go on a trip / last
summer / yes
6 I / wake up early / three days
ago / no
7 She / do her homework / the
day before yesterday / no
8 He / quit a bad habit / in the
last two years / yes
9 They / have a party / last
Friday night / yes
10 We / learn English / last year
/ YES

44
 SIMPLE PAST – What did you do last week?
Irregular
Verbs

Simple Present Simple Past

write / wrote make dinner / made dinner read / read

go to the park / went to the see a movie / saw a movie go out for dinner / went out
park for dinner.

sing / sang buy / bought do homework/ did homework

swim / swam take a bath / took a bath draw / drew

45
 SIMPLE PAST
Irregular Verbs
❑ Write one question and one answer for each image below.

46
 SIMPLE PAST
Irregular Verbs
❑ Find out what everyone did last week.

What did they do last week?

1. What did Ming do on Thursday? 9. When did Ming buy a drink?

He saw a movie ______________________________________

2. When did Ali read a book? 10. What did Tomoko do on Thursday?
He read a book on Tuesday ______________________________________

3. When did Tomoko see a movie? 11. What did Ali do on Thursday?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

4. When did Lou draw a picture? 12. What did Tomoko do on Tuesday?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

5. When did Lou see a movie? 13. When did Tomoko sing?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

6. What did Lou do on Thursday? 14. What did Ali do on Monday?

______________________________________ ______________________________________

7. What did Lou do on Monday? 15. When did Ali read a book?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

8. What did Ming do on Monday? 16. When did Ming go to the park? 47
______________________________________ ______________________________________
SIMPLE PAST – What did you do last week?
Vocabulary

cleaned his room read a book watched TV

listened to the radio worked studied

talked on the phone relaxed washed her clothes

played the guitar cooked exercised

48
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Write one question and one answer for each image below.

49
 SIMPLE PAST

❑ Find out what everyone did last week.

What did they do last week?

1. Did Sara watch TV on Tuesday? 8. What did Mark do on Thursday?

______________________________________ ______________________________________

2. Did Mark take a shower on Monday? 9. Did Sara cook on Wednesday?

______________________________________ ______________________________________

3. Did Mark exercise on Wednesday? 10. What did Mark do on Tuesday?

______________________________________ ______________________________________

4. What did Sara do on Monday? 11. What did you do last night?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

5. Did Mark wash his clothes on Friday? 12. What did you do on Sunday?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

6. Did Sara work on Thursday? 13. Did you watch a movie last weekend?
______________________________________ ______________________________________

7. What did Sara do on Friday? 14. Did you study yesterday?

______________________________________ ______________________________________

50
 SIMPLE PAST
❖ We use the simple past to talk about finished actions that happened in the past.

❑ Complete the table below

Verb “To
Affirmative
S + was/were + …
Negative
be”
S + wasn’t / weren’t +
Question
was/were + S + … ?
Answer
Yes, S + was/were
… No, S + wasn’t/weren’t

I was a fireman.

You weren’t a student.

Were we friends?

They were doctors.

He wasn’t a teacher. Was he a teacher?

She was a lawyer.

Was it a dog?

❑ Complete the table below

All other verbs
Affirmative Negative Question Answer
S + V(Preterite) + … S + didn’t + V(infinitive) + Did + S + V(infinitive) + … Yes, S + did
… ? No, S + didn’t

I watched TV last night.

Did you eat meat yesterday?

We didn’t listen to music.

They wrote a letter last

night.

He bought a new phone

five days ago.

Did she go to Mexico when

she was 15 years old?

It didn’t rain last week. 51

 Me too / Me neither
‘Me too’ agrees with a positive statement.
‘Me neither’ agrees with a negative statement.

Examples of positive statements:

• I study English every day. (Yo estudio Inglés cada día) Me too
• I studied English last year. (Yo estudié Inglés el año pasado) (Yo
• I will study English next year. (Yo estudiaré Inglés el siguiente año) también)
Examples of negative statements:
• I don’t study English every day. (Yo no estudio Inglés cada día) Me neither
• I didn’t study English last year. (Yo no estudié Inglés el año pasado) (Yo
• I will not study English next year. (Yo no estudiaré Inglés el siguiente tampoco)
año)

❑ Write “Me too” or “Me neither” based on the following sentences:

1. - They didn't do their homework. 10. - I don't want to work today.

- ________________________________ -________________________________

2. - He didn't finish his homework. 11. - She didn't go to work last week.
-________________________________ -________________________________

3. - I won't study French. 12. - I won't go to the party.

-________________________________ - ________________________________

4. - We went to visit my grandparents last week. 13. - They don't wake up early in the morning.
-________________________________ - ________________________________

5. - She doesn't like to do her homework. 14. - She studies from 7:00 am to 1:00 pm.
-________________________________ -________________________________

6. - They did their homework yesterday. 15. - I will travel to the United States.
-________________________________ -________________________________

7. - I will try to sleep early tonight. 16. - I spent three hours in traffic.
-________________________________ -________________________________

8. - I work from home. 17. - He has three siblings.

-________________________________ -________________________________

9. - They won't finish their homework. 18. - He will take the bus to work.
-________________________________ -________________________________
52
 Like, love, hate, prefer, dislike and enjoy
• We can use hate, like, love and prefer with an -ing form or with a to -
infinitive.
• We can use enjoy and dislike with an –ing form only.

Verb + to V(infinitive) Verb + verb-ing

I hate to wait in lines. I hate waiting in lines.

I like to go for a walk. I like going for a walk.

I love to go out with friends. I love going out with friends.

I prefer to work from home. I prefer working from home.

I enjoy to listen to music in English. I enjoy listening to music in English.

I dislike to eat alone. I dislike eating alone.

Verb Verb + to V(infinitive) Verb + verb-ing

Like 🡪 gustar
Love 🡪 amar
Hate 🡪 odiar
Prefer 🡪 preferir
Dislike🡪 no gustar
Enjoy 🡪 disfrutar

53
 Like, love, hate, prefer, dislike and enjoy

Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences:

1. He enjoys _________ different places. (visit)

2. I hate _________ that I am wrong. (admit)

3. I like _________ basketball with my friends. (play)

4. I dislike _________ early in the morning. (wake up)

5. She likes _________ books in her free time. (read)

6. He enjoys _________ English to his students. (teach)

7. He loves _________ to music when he’s alone. (listen)

8. She dislikes _________ time. (waste)

9. I dislike _________ alone. (to be)

10. I hate _________ goodbye. I’ll miss you. (say)

11. I enjoy _________ different foods at restaurants (try)

12. I prefer _________ to quiet music when I'm studying. (listen)

13. We prefer _________. It's our favorite language. (study)

14. I dislike _________ when I'm tired and stressed out. (work)

15. They enjoy _________ out with their friends. (go out)

16. We enjoy _________ English. It's very easy. (study)

17. She loves _________ in parties all night long. (dance)

18. They enjoy _________ English and _________ movies. (learn, watch)

19. I enjoy _________ in the afternoon and _________ at home. (swim, exercise)

20. I enjoy _________ late, but I dislike _________ early (stay up, wake up) 54
 Adverbs of Manner

An adverb describes a verb (an action), an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence.
He runs slowly. (describing a verb)The adverb slowly describes the verb runs.
He is an incredibly amazing cook. (describing an adjective)
He cooks really amazingly. (describing an adverb)
Interestingly, they come from Spain. (describing a whole sentence)
The adverb interestingly describes the whole sentence.

In this course we are going to focus on adverbs that describe verbs.

Exercise 1: Write the adverb and the verb it is describing. Follow the example below.
Ex: I will explain it differently. The adverb “differently” describes the verb “explain”
1. He swims well. ___________________________________________
2. He ran quickly. ___________________________________________
3. She spoke softly. ___________________________________________
4. I laughed nervously. ___________________________________________
5. She speaks slowly and I like her voice. ___________________________________________
6. You speak loudly and I don’t like that. ___________________________________________
7. She dances beautifully, she is so cute. ___________________________________________
8. I read slowly so they can understand me. _________________________________________
9. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. ____________________________________
10. I do my homework slowly. ___________________________________________
11. Please, listen carefully. ___________________________________________
55
12. Please, drive safely. ___________________________________________
 Adverbs of Manner

Adjective (describes a noun) Adverb (describes a verb)

Slow (lento) Slowly (lentamente)
Incredible (increible) Incredibly( increiblemente)
Amazing (asombroso) Amazingly (asombrosamente)
Interesting (interesante) Interestingly(interesantemente)
Quick (rápido) Quickly (rápidamente)
Real (real) Really (realmente)
Loud (ruidoso) Loudly (ruidosamente)
Quiet (tranquilo) Quietly (tranquilamente)
Different (diferente) Differently (diferentemente)
Soft (suave) Softly (suavemente, dulcemengte)
Nervous (nervioso) Nervously (nerviosamente)
Beautiful (hermoso/a) Beautifully (hermosamente)
Careful (cuidado) Carefully (cuidadosamente)
Safe (seguro) Safely (con cuidado, seguramente)
Good (bueno) Well (bien)
Fast (rápido) Fast (rapidamente)
Hard (difícil) Hard (con mucho esfuerzo)
Late (tarde) Late (tarde)
Early (temprano,pronto) Early (temprano, pronto)
Perfect (perfecto) Perfectly ( perfectamente)
Dangerous (peligroso) Dangerously (peligrosamente)
Angry (enojado) Angrily (enojadamente, con enojo)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences.

Teacher: Pick a color and a number.

Student: I will pick color ______ and number ______.
Por favor, maneja
1 Ellos corren rápido.
Por favor, escucha
cuidadosamente con cuidado

Hago mi tarea A él le gusta manejar

2 rápidamente.
Hablas Inglés muy bien.
lentamente.

A él le gusta manejar Él siempre reacciona

3 rápido.
Ella habla dulcemente.
de manera enojada.

Él maneja Ellos se despiertan

4 peligrosamente. temprano.
Nosostros nos
despertamos tarde.
56
 Present Perfect
Present perfect simple is used for actions that started in the past and stopped recently or are still
going on. The focus is on the result.

El presente perfecto es usado para acciones que empezaron en el pasado y se detuvieron

recientemente ó que aún están ocurriendo. El enfoque está en el resultado.

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Eat / eats Eating Ate Eaten
(comer)

Simple Present I eat a pizza. Yo como una pizza.

Present Progressive I am eating a pizza Yo estoy comiendo una pizza.
Simple Past I ate a pizza Yo comí una pizza.
Present Perfect I have eaten a pizza. Yo he comido una pizza.

Present Perfect - Affirmative Sentence

Subject Example
Auxiliary Verb
Pronoun S + have/has + v(past participle) + ……
I Have I have eaten (Yo he comido)

You Have You have eaten (Tú has comido)

We Have We have eaten (Nosotros hemos comido)

They Have They have eaten (Ellos han comido)

He Has He has eaten (Él ha comido)

She Has She has eaten (Ella ha comido)

It has It has eaten (Ha comido)

57
 Present Perfect
Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect
(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Eat (comer) Eating Ate Eaten

Present Perfect - Negative Sentence

Subject Example
Auxiliary Verb
Pronoun S + haven’t/hasn’t + v(past participle) + …
I Haven’t I haven’t eaten (Yo no he comido)
(have not)
You Haven’t You haven’t eaten (Tú no has comido)
We Haven’t We haven’t eaten (Nosotros no hemos comido)
They Haven’t They haven’t eaten (Ellos no han comido)
He Hasn’t He hasn’t eaten (Él no ha comido)
(has not)
She Hasn’t She hasn’t eaten (Ella no ha comido)
It Hasn’t It hasn’t eaten (No ha comido)

Present Perfect - Question

Subject
Auxiliary Example
Pronou
Verb have/has + S + v(past participle) + …
n
I Have Have I eaten? (¿Yo he comido?)
You Have Have you eaten? (¿Tú has comido?)
We Have Have we eaten? (¿Nosotros hemos comido?)
They Have Have they eaten? (¿Ellos han comido?)
He Has Has he eaten? (¿Él ha comido?)
She Has Has she eaten? (¿Ella ha comido?)
It has Has it eaten? (¿ha comido?)
58
 Present Perfect
Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect
(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
paint (pintar) Painting Painted painted

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Write (escribir) Writing Wrote Written

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

59
 Present Perfect
Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect
(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Lock (cerrar, bloquear) Locking Locked Locked

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Break (romper) Breaking Broke Broken

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

60
 Present Perfect
1. El present perfect se utiliza para expresar una acción que se ha realizado en algún punto
indeterminado del pasado que tiene un resultado en el presente. No es importante saber
en qué momento exacto ocurrió la acción.

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Make (hacer) Making Made made

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Water (regar) watering Watered Watered

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

61
 Present Perfect
2. Expresar experiencias:

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Fly (volar) Flying Flew Flown
Do (hacer) Doing Did done
Swim (nadar) Swimming Swam Swum

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative ❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image). Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+) (+)
(-) (-)
(?) (?)

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

62
 Present Perfect
3. Referirse a una misma acción que ha tenido lugar en diferentes momentos del
pasado, es decir, que ha ocurrido más de una vez.

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Lose (perder) Losing Lost Lost

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
See (ver) Seeing Saw seen

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

63
 Present Perfect
4. Acciones que empezaron en algún punto concreto del pasado y que continúan
en el presente.

Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Present Perfect

(infinitive) (gerund) (preterite) (past participle)
Work (trabajar) Working Worked Worked

❑ Write an affirmative sentence, negative

Sentences and a question (based on the image).
(+)
(-)
(?)

64
 ❑ Complete the following table.

Affirmative Negative Question Answer

S + have/has + v(past S + haven’t/hasn’t + v(past Have/has + S + v(past Yes, S + have/has
participle) + …. participle) + … participle) + …? No, S + haven’t/hasn’t

I have lived in Mexico. Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

Have you studied English?

We haven’t slept well.

Have they done their

homework?

He has finished his Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.

homework.

Has she answered the

question?

It hasn’t rained.

65
 Present Perfect

❑ Complete the sentences: Put the verbs in parentheses in the present perfect tense.

66