Work, Energy,

and Simple
Machine
IN THIS TOPIC, WE'LL LEARN ABOUT...

1. What is Work?

2. What is Energy?

3. How is Work and Energy related?

SYSTEMS
Last class we discussed a variety of
systems.
A system is a structure (physical or organizational) that has parts
that are connected and influence each other in some way.
5 features to define a system Inpu
The t:
t
put i hings Proc
nto t e
syste he The sses:
m. a
perfo ctions
Purpose: rmed
the s b
What the Outp ystem y
u .
system is to Wha t:
accomplish
. obtai t is
ned f
the s rom
ystem Com
po
The nents:
parts
the s o
ystem f
.
 MOVEMENT

A change in location of all or part of the system.

Can be linear or rotational.
Mechanical system often repeat the same movements continuously
We will be looking
A push or a pull that can cause
mainly at mechanical FORCE
movement.
systems in this topic.
F₁
F₁ F₂
F₂

F₁=3 N F₁=3 N
F₂=5 N F₂=5 N
WORK
When you hear the word “work”, what
does it mean to you?
Often times we confuse the words “work”
and “effort”. Let’s look at a situation:
 A car is stuck in the snow.
Sometimes, no matter how Below is a question with two possible
answers. Both answers are colloquially
hard you try, you cannot
correct, but only one is scientifically correct.
push the car out of the snow.

“Did you get the

car out?”
1. “No, I put in a
lot of work, but
it
did not move.”
2. “No, I gave m
y best effort, bu
t it
did not move.”
WORK
The word work, by its scientific definition,
does not mean “to try”. It is directly related
to movement, so simply trying does not
guarantee work has been done.

Work The transfer of energy through motion.

Effort “To try”, does not necessarily result in movement.
So, by this definition, you do zero work if you do not accomplish
movement of the object to which you are applying your force
Work is something that can be calculated. It requires knowledge of two
variables, force and distance.
Work = Force x Distance
Force is measured in newtons (N), and distance is measured in meters
(m). Therefore work is measured in newton-meters (N m). However,
scientists replace this unit with a new unit called a joule (J).
Look at these two situations.
In which one is the man
doing more work?
How much work is being
done in each scenario?
We need to note, when we are calculating
work, the force and the distance need to be
in the same direction
 EXERCISE
1. Who does more work lifting a 20 kg dumbbell
a. a male or a female?
b. a weak person or a strong person?
c. a tall person or a short person?
2. How much work does it take to pick up, from the ground, and raise a 20
kg rock above your head to a total height of 2,3 m?
3. How much work does it take, once lifted to hold the rock, from question
2, above your head for 36 minutes?
4. How much work would it take to lift the rock if you were on the moon?
 In the Independence Day celebration, you often see games of tug of war.
Both teams work to pull the opponent. Both teams pull at each other with
opposite direction. In science, both teams are doing work. the winner is the
one doing positive work, while the losing team is doing negative work.
Work is counted as negative if the force direction that works on the object
is the opposite of the movement of the object.
If the force working on an object is more than one, the work that is done to
the object is the resultant of those forces.

F₁ F₂ W = W₁ + W₂ + W₃
m = F₁ d + F₂ d + (-F₃) d
= (F₁ + F₂ - F₃)d
F₃ W = Fᵣ d
d
 ENERGY
Ability to do work
Unit : Joule (J)
 ENERGY

Potential Kinetic

Energy can never be created or destroyed.

 POTENTIAL ENERGY
Stored energy due to the position of
an object. You call it potential energy
because it has the energy that is
ready to be released.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
 ENERGY

Potential Kinetic

Chemical Physical
 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
Found in substances that store energy at a submicroscopic level.
Has the readiness to undergo a chemical change.
Has the potential to alter electrical changes in molecules.
CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
 PHYSICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
Due to the work that was required to elevate objects against
Earth’s gravitational pull.
Also known as gravitational potential energy.
PHYSICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
Gravitational Potential Energy

WORK

GRAVITY
 Calculating Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
=
Weight x Height
=
Mass x Acceleration due to gravity x Height
Calculating Potential Energy
PE = mgh

PE = Potential Energy (J)

m = mass (kg)
g = gravity (9,8 m/s²)
h = height (m)
Calculating Potential Energy

Gravity
Calculating Potential Energy

Gains Energy

Loses Energy
 Calculating Potential Energy
When a 1.0 kg book is lifted 0.5 m from the table, the force exerted in
lifting the book is equal to its weight. What would be the potential energy
of the book in reference from the table?
F = weight = mg PE = 1 kg x 9,8 m/s² x 0.5 m
W = Fd PE = 4.9 J
W = mgh
PE = mgh
W = PE
 Calculating Potential Energy
A 1.0 kg has a potential energy of 10 J. How high is it above the table?

A book is placed on a table 1 meter above the ground and has a potential
energy of 10 J. What is the mass of the book?