10

Technology and 10
Livelihood Education
0
Agri-Fishery Arts
Agricultural Crop Production
Quarter 1 - Module 4:
Support Crop Work - Rice Production

Photo Credit: Alvin A. Gantalao

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Lesson
Selecting and Checking of
1 Tools for Rice Production

Pre-Assessment
Before going any further, let us try if you know something about this
topic!

Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on
another sheet of paper.

1. What accessories are being pulled by working animals and are usually
used in the preparation of large tract of land?
A. equipment C. implements
B. hand tools D. machinery
2. What implement is used for tilling and pulverizing the soil in upland rice
production?
A. harrow C. rotavator
B. native plow D. tractor
3. What equipment is used to draw irrigation water from the source such as
deep well, rivers or lakes?
A. irrigation canal C. water dispenser
B. water depressor D. water pump
4. What equipment is commonly used to transport materials from the house to
the farm?
A. four-wheel tractor C. harrow
B. hand tractor D. rotavator
5. Which of the following jobs is not part of post-harvest operations in
rice production?
A. milling C. threshing
B. soaking D. warehousing
6. If you are using a rotavator, how much is the equivalent of one passing
using the equipment?
A. one plowing and one harrowing
B. one plowing and two harrowing
C. two plowing and one harrowing
D. two plowing and two harrowing
7. According to its uses, which of the following tools does not belong to

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 the group?
A. hand trowel C. pruning shear
B. light hoe D. rake
8. How are the teeth of a native harrow made of?
A. bronze C. tin
B. metal D. wood
9. Which of the following tools is a digging tool?
A. bolo C. pruning shear
B. crowbar D. shovel
10. Which tool is used for cleaning the levees?
A. bolo C. mattock
B. crowbar D. shovel

Prior Knowledge
You have learned in the previous module the lesson: determining
poultry production records used in inventory and distinguishing cleaning tools,
supplies and techniques in storing tools and equipment in the poultry. The
inventory records and tools, supplies and techniques of using them are taught
to let you acquire the skills necessary for learning the competency on
performing completion activities. Now, that you have studied all these things,
prepare to tackle the new lesson found in this module.

Presentation
In your lessons last year in Agricultural Crop Production Grade 9, the different
farm tools and equipment used in agronomic crop work were discussed. Their proper
operations and maintenance were reviewed, too. But for you to be able to perform
properly the different rice production activities, the important tools and equipment to
be used are discussed in this lesson with emphasis on the right operation and
maintenance as well as safety precautions when using them. Hence, this lesson,
selecting and checking of tools for rice production, is presented in this module.

Concept Development

Importance of Rice Production

For most Filipinos, rice is the most important staple food. Here in the
Philippines, it is one of the leading agricultural industry and the backbone of our

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economy. Farm works like threshing, warehousing, milling and seed production are
among the necessary jobs that are to be fulfilled in the rice farms. Filipino farmers
depend mostly on farm labor and rice-related marketing strategies as their means of
livelihood.

Now that you have read the importance of rice production, let us go deeper
with how farmers work in the farm in order to sustain its production.

Commonly Used Hand Tools and Equipment in Rice Production

1. Bolo
There are different kinds of bolo used for different purposes. In rice
production, this will be used for cutting of weeds particularly tall shrubs and
grasses.

Source: https://www.amazon.ca/Okapi-Knife-Tool-KO6000Machete/dp/B01MA394J1

2. Shovel
It is used in removing trash, digging loose soil, moving soil from one
place to another, and for mixing soil media and fertilizers. It is also used in the
repair and construction of levees and irrigation management.

Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/shovel

3. Rake
It is used for cleaning the ground and leveling the topsoil during
seedbed preparation particularly in the dry method of seedling production.

Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/Bossfight/comments/87nd5v/rake_the_ultimate_rake/

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Farm Implements

These are accessories which are being pulled by working animals or mounted
to machineries (hand tractor, tractor) and are usually used in the preparation of large
tract of land. These are usually made of a special kind of metal.

1. Plows
These are farm implements used in rice production operations either
pulled by a working animal or tractor. The plow is specifically used for tilling
large areas, making furrows and ditches to facilitate irrigation and drainage.

Plows pulled by working animals are made of either a combination of

metal or wood or pure metal. Due to intensive farm mechanization, it is
becoming extinct in some regions. They are used to till areas with a shallower
depth than that of the disc plows which are pulled by tractors.

Source: https://www.almaged-iet.com/en/Product/Details/54

2. Harrow
The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal tooth and pulled
by a carabao while the disc harrow is a metal mounted to a tractor. Harrows are
used for tilling and pulverizing the soil in upland rice production where the soil is
tilled dry while waiting for the rain or water supply.

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/143411569361370921/
Source:https://www.indiamart.com/bharatengineering-company-karnal/disc harrow.html

3. Rotavator
The rotavator is an implement attached to a tractor used for land
preparation. It can be used for wet and dry land preparation. One passing of
rotavator is equivalent to the combined effects of one plowing and harrowing in
land preparation.

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 Source: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/tractor-rotavator-10468029248.html

Equipment

These are machineries used in the farm operation especially in rice

production. They are used in land preparation and in transporting farm inputs and
produce. Using this equipment requires a highly skilled operator.

1. Hand Tractor
It is the most useful and convenient equipment of the farmers. It is
used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a wide area of land. It is also used
to transport other materials from the house to the farm and is a very important
equipment in the mobility of most farmers.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fig-Kuliglig-hand-tractors-with-trailing-or-riding-
attachments-are-becoming-common_fig4_24110966

2. Four-Wheel Tractor
It is used to pull disc plow, disc harrow and rotavator in preparing much
wider area of land. It is also used to draw a trailer to transport bulk materials,
equipment, farm inputs and harvest. It is very useful during harvest and other
post-harvest activities.

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 3. Water Pump
This equipment is very important to draw irrigation water from a source
such as deep well, rivers and lakes. In some areas where water is scarce,
the second cropping of rice could be done using a water pump.

4. Combine Harvester
This equipment performs the harvesting and threshing at the same
time. The grains are deposited in its compartment and can be easily
transported to the nearest road when hauling the harvests.

How to Do the Pre-Operative Check-Up of an Equipment

Due to intensive farm mechanization, there were a lot of farm machineries

that were introduced to the Filipino farmers. Before operating these machines, one
needs to read and familiarize the operation manual to be able to operate them
efficiently and attain their maximum usage. For safety reasons, here are the
suggested ways when using such machineries:

1. Always remember to check the equipment before operating.

A pre-operational check up of all the equipment to be used will assure
the user that it is in a safe operating condition. Check the tires for proper
inflation and defects, windows for visibility, seat position, seat belts, brakes for
adjustment, steering response, rear view mirrors, slow-moving vehicle
emblem, reflectors, and running lights for day or night operation.

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2. Safety check.
Walk around the tractor, hand tractor, thresher, reaper and any
attached implement checking the area for obstacles that may be under or near
the tractor which include stones, boards, children’s toys, etc. Make sure there
are no bystanders on the side. Remember, this is a working area. Check
whether the wheels are free, or stuck in the ground. Check for any loose parts
or objects on the tractor such as tools on the platforms or around brakes and
other controls.

3. Inspect around.
Walk around the tractor, hand tractor for the second time to check the
equipment itself. This time, look at the tires for wear and inflation, the power
take -off shaft for shielding and guarding, rotate the shield to make sure it
moves freely, the hitch for proper hitch pin and safety clip. Pay particular
attention to the ground under the tractor for any signs of liquid leaks such as
oil, coolant or fuel.

4. Check the oil of oil engines attached to machineries to be used.

Remove the dipstick, wipe it clean, and check the oil level. If oil is
required, remember to wipe off the filler cap before you remove it to avoid dirt
falling into the engine. Use a clean funnel and clean the top of the oil can to
prevent rust or other foreign objects going in with the oil.

5. Check the radiator. Slowly remove the red cap and check the liquid level.

6. Always check the fuel gauge.

Fill if necessary though it should have been filled at the end of the last
day the tractor was used.

7. Have a fire extinguisher.

Your tractor should have a fire extinguisher in case of fire during
operation, refueling, in the area of storage and milling. Make it sure it is
charged and easily accessible.

Remember: Smooth operations of all machines are ensured if

periodic maintenance is done. These can affect performance
and your safety!

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Activities

I. True or False

Directions: Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if
it is wrong. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

1. For mixing soil media and fertilizers, a simple light hoe can be used.

2. Majority of the Filipino farmers depend on farm labor and rice-related

businesses for their livelihood.

3. Due to intensive farm mechanization, it is becoming extinct in some parts

of the Philippines.

4. The equipment that performs the harvesting and threshing at the same
time is called rotavator.

5. In order to have a safe operating condition of an equipment, a pre-

operational check-up is necessary.

6. One of the safety checks to do is to plaid for any loose parts or objects on
the tractor such as tools on the platforms or around brakes and other
controls.

7. To check the radiator, you have to slowly remove the red cap and check
the liquid level.

8. The PTO in a tractor stands for power transmission output.

9. When driving the tractor, you have to pay attention to the ground
under the tractor for any signs of liquid leaks such as oil, coolant or
fuel.

10. Rotavator is considered as the most useful and convenient equipment

for the farmers.

II. Complete the Table

Directions: Observe the farmers in your locality / area. Then list down
at least ten (10) tools or equipment they usually use in their
farm. Use the table below as your guide. Write your

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 observations on a clean sheet of paper. DO NOT FORGET TO
WEAR YOUR FACE MASK WHILE DOING THE ACTIVITY.

Available Tools, Condition

Equipment/Implements (Good, Bad, Needs Replacement)

Assessment

Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Fill out the blanks with the necessary facts that you need to bear
in mind.

1. The three (3) most common hand tools used in rice production are
________, ________, and ________.
2. The plow is specifically used for ________.
3. The wooden harrow is made of ________ while the disc harrow is made
of ________.
4. One passing of a rotavator is equivalent to ________.
5. The four (4) most common equipment in rice farming are ________,
________, ________, and ________.
6. Before operating a machine, an operator must ________.

Application
Drawing Skills

Directions: Using a clean sheet of paper and a pencil, draw the native plow (daro
or araro).

9
Lesson
Principles of Manual
2 Handling and Techniques

Generalization / Synthesis
In rice farming, it is important to know the different tools used. Proper
selection and checking of tools on the condition including the correct operation
before using based on the manual of procedures. As a farmer, these have to be
done so that you can work efficiently and productively in the farming activities during
the entire rice production season.

Great job! Now, you are ready to proceed to the next lesson.

Pre-Assessment
Before going any further, let us see if you know something about this
topic!

True or False

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, False if it is wrong on

another sheet of paper.

1. A helmet can be used as one of the personal protective equipment.

2. There is a difference between what people can lift and what they can lift
safely.
3. One must close the load to his waist while lifting a heavy object.
4. Farmers should wear sunglasses to protect their ears.
5. A professional should fit to his workers individually for molder or
preformed earplug.

Prior Knowledge

You have just studied the previous lesson: selecting and checking of
tools for rice production. The basic concepts and skills you have acquired are
vital for the proper use of tools during the rice farming activities. Aside from

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 proper selection and checking of tools, you need to know also how to use or
operate properly to avoid injuries. These will be discussed in the next topic.

Prior to discussion, answer first what is asked below.

Enumeration

Directions: Give at least ten (10) common injuries most farmers can get
when using farm equipment / implements / machineries.

1. __________ 4. __________ 7. __________ 10. __________

2. __________ 5. __________ 8. __________
3. __________ 6. __________ 9. __________
Presentation
The new lesson for you to study this time is principles of manual handling and
techniques. The proper use or handling of tools, implements and equipment
including wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment is presented in this
module.

There are items below for you answer in this activity.

Directions: Identify / Name the different types of personal protective equipment as
shown below. Give their uses or functions. Write your answers on
another sheet of paper.

Personal Protective Equipment Definition / Functions / Uses

1.

= _______________

Source:
https: /www.forconstructionpros.com/business/construction-
safety/news/21130186
2.

= _______________

Source:
https://safetyshoes247.en.made-in
china.com/product/XNQxHEoVYekt/China-Wholesale-
Construction-Noise-Protection-Safety-Earmuffs.html
3.

= _______________

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Source: https://www.topchinasupplier.com/wholesale/100-
Polyester-Reflective-Tape-Thin-Cloth-Safety-Coverall-for-
Construction-Workers_5700/
4.

= _______________
Source:
https://blog.prochoice.com.au/personal-protective-
equipment/eye-safety-guide/
5.

= _______________

Source: https://shopee.ph/12-pairs-RUBBERIZED-
CONSTRUCTION-GLOVES-Orange-Latex-Rubber-
i.20534569.848238091

Concept Development

Manual Handling and Techniques in the Farm

In most cases farmers suffer a lot of injuries in the farm due to manual
handling. It may include lifting, carrying, putting down, pushing, pulling, moving or
supporting a load by hand or using other bodily force. It is not just the weight of the
load that can cause injury. The size, shape, available grip, the way how you carry
the load, where you have to carry it, and how often you have to do the task, all play
a part of the farmers’ injury in the farm.

Just like other workers who often do manual handling, farm workers suffer
‘musculo-skeletal disorders’ (MSDs) as a result of poor manual handling techniques,
or through other tasks which involve repetitive movements, excessive force, unusual
postures, or from badly organized working practices. Some farmers also
experienced muscle injuries, sprains or strains, back pain, lumbago, arthritis, or
swelling of the hand, wrist, forearm, elbow and shoulder (‘work-related upper limb
disorders’ or WRULDs). That is why, it is important for farm workers to handle the
stress and body disorders brought by manual handling.

Suggestive Techniques to Avoid Injuries due to Manual Handling

1. Avoid heavy loads.

Consider whether you have to move the load manually at all. If possible,
eliminate manual handling completely, for example:

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 • Fully mechanize the task. A move to big packages, or fertilizer in big bags,
eliminates manual handling because they can only be moved by machine.

• Introduce feed-handling systems incorporating bulk storage bins and

distribution pipes to eliminate the handling of feed compounds.

• Use other mechanized systems to eliminate the filling, carrying and tipping of
small feed bags or sacks.
Remember the regulations do not set specific requirements such as weight
limits. Consider the task, load, person’s capability, and the working conditions.

2. Assess the work conditions.

If you cannot avoid manual handling, look at the risks from your handling
operations. You do not have to look at every task in detail - if the load is less
than about 25 kgs., easily gripped close to the body, and the working conditions
are good (e.g., indoors with a level floor and plenty of space), the risk of injury to
most people will be low.

If possible, focus on the tasks with the greatest risks, use machines to lift
heavy load objects.

3. Reduce jobs that may cause injuries.

If you cannot eliminate the risk, look at how you can reduce it to an
acceptable level, for example:

• Use mechanical assistance and / or lifting aids.

• Change to smaller, lighter unit sizes, e.g., use feed blocks or feed bags
weighing 25 kgs. or less.
• Reduce lifting or carrying distances by providing mechanical or other ways to
move goods.
• Find improved ways of handling.

4. Lift objects safely.

• Think before handling or lifting: Where is the load going to be placed? Can
you use handling aids? Do you need help with the load?
• Keep the load close to your waist for as long as possible while lifting: Keep
the heaviest side of the load next to your body.
• Adopt a stable position: Have your feet apart with one leg slightly forward to
maintain balance (alongside the load if it is on the ground).
• Ensure a good hold on the load: Where possible, hug the load as close as
possible to your body. This may be better than gripping it tightly with the
hands.

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 • Bend your back, hips and knees slightly at the start of the lift: This is better
than either fully flexing the back (stooping) or fully flexing the hips and knees
(full / deep squatting).
• Don’t flex your back any further while lifting: This can happen if your legs
begin to straighten before you start to raise the load.
• Avoid twisting your back or leaning sideways, especially while your back is
bent.
• Keep your shoulders level and facing in the same direction as your hips.
Turning by moving the feet is better than twisting and lifting at the same time.
• Keep your head up while handling: Look ahead, not down at the load, when
you are holding it securely.
• Move smoothly: Don’t jerk or snatch the load as this can make it harder to
control.
• Don’t lift or handle more than you can easily manage: There is a difference
between what people can lift and what they can lift safely.
• Put down, then adjust: If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it
down first, then slide it into the desired position.

A good handling technique or training in safe lifting is no substitute for

other risk-reduction steps such as improving the task, load or working
environment, or providing mechanical handling or lifting aids.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to protect workers from

serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical,
radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Among
them are face shields, safety googles, hard hats, and safety shoes. Protective
equipment includes a variety of devices and garments such as goggles, coveralls,
gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.

Protection from Head Injuries

Hard hats can protect workers from head impact, penetration injuries, and
high impact injuries such as those caused by falling or flying objects, fixed objects,
or contact with electrical conductors. It also prevents the long hair from getting
caught in machine parts such as belts and chairs. Ordinary hats shall be worn by
farmer whenever working in the farm to protect himself against ultraviolet rays of the
sun.

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Protection from Leg and Foot Injury

In addition to foot guards and safety shoes, leggings (e.g., leather or other
appropriate material) can help prevent injuries by protecting workers from hazards
such as falling or rolling objects, sharp objects, wet and slippery surfaces, molten
metals, hot surfaces, and electrical hazards while working in the farm shop. Pants
should be worn to protect the legs from itchy worms and snake bites when working
in the farm.

Protection from Eyes and Face Injury

Besides spectacles and goggles, personal protective equipment such as

special helmets, or shields, spectacles with side shields, and face shields can
protect workers from hazards of flying fragments large chips, hot sparks, optical
radiation, splashes from molten metals, as well as objects, particles, sand dirt,
mists, dusts, and glare. Sun glasses should be worn during harvesting and other
post-harvest jobs to protect the eyes.

Protection from Hearing Injury

Workers’ earplugs or earmuffs can help prevent damage to hearing. Exposure

to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairment as well as
physical and psychological stress. Earplugs made from foam, waxed cotton, or
fiberglass wool are self-forming and usually fit well. A professional should fit your
workers individually for molded or preformed earplugs. Clean earplugs regularly,
and replace those that are no longer functional.

Protection from Hand Injury

Workers are exposed to harmful substances causing skin absorption, severe

cuts or lacerations, severe abrasions, chemical burns, thermal burns, and harmful
extreme temperature will benefit from hand protection. Wear leather gloves while
operating some machines; but when handling chemicals, use rubber gloves.

Protection from Body Injury

In some cases, workers must shield most of their bodies against hazards in
the workplace, such as exposure to heat and radiation, hot metals, scalding liquids,
body fluids, hazardous materials or waste, and others. In addition to fire-retardant
wool and fire-retardant cotton, materials used in whole-body personal protective
equipment, includes leather, synthetics, rubber, and plastic.

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Respiratory Protection

Workers must use appropriate respirators to protect against adverse health

effects caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists,
gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors. Respirators must generally cover the nose and
mouth or the entire face or head and help to prevent illness and injury. For
respirators to be effective, a proper fit is essential.

Activities

I. Word Puzzle

Directions: Find and encircle the ten (10) personal protective equipment in
the word puzzle below. Be it in horizontal, vertical or in diagonal
position. Copy this puzzle on a clean sheet of paper.

F P Z S W Q X F A C E S H I E L D J R L
O Q W R T G Y P S D F G J K L Z X C V B
O F M N B L V C X Z L C H G F D T S P Y
T B S D F O G H J K W O Q X V A Z G Y S
G V Q S G V J L Z W N V D R H E U D G E
U C X R A E L D Q C V E B D W P D W X S
A X W D Q S A U X S W R R C M D G U I S
R E B K A L S W Z V B A N W Z Q O C M A
D J A K T A I R N D H L O N S I G A Y L
S U M R A L A T O S I L A N E P G L E G
A O S T P T I M R T H A I L A N L D V N
D R I E T L N A M C A M B O D I E L T U
S W U R K E U Y J O D R A N I R S A E S
G T L D E N M G A R K S I W T Z E R L A
H P N D F I N L S A N D L P U X M B U R
J D G S W E D E N S R I A N S K A I N D
K R I A R U S S I A C H I A N E J A P A
I T N S E O H S Y T E F A S K O R E A Y

II. Enumeration

Directions: Below are the manual handling procedures that usually

happened in the farm. Write at least two precautionary
measures that a farmer should do in order not to be injured.
Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

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 Manual Handling Procedures Precautionary Measures
A. Lifting heavy objects 1.
2.
B. Loading 50 bags of fertilizers from 1.
a vehicle 2.
C. Unloading 50 bags of fertilizers 1.
from a vehicle 2.
D. Planting rice seedlings in 2 1.
hectares land 2.
E. Cutting grass areas to be 1.
converted into farm land 2.

Assessment

Enumeration

Directions: Give what is asked in every item. Write your answer on another
sheet of paper.

1. Give / name at least two (2) examples of personal protective equipment in

every item.
a. Protection of the Head = _________________________________

b. Protection of the Body = _________________________________

c. Protection of the Hand = _________________________________

d. Protection of the Eyes = _________________________________

e. Protection of the Ears = _________________________________

f. Protection of the Feet = _________________________________

2. Give the suggestive techniques to avoid injuries due to manual lifting:

1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________

17
Lesson Occupational Health and
3 Safety in Rice Production
Operations
Application
Draw Me the Correct Position

Directions: Using you skills in making a comic strip, draw the proper way of
handling the following manual labor that usually happens in a
workplace:

1. Pushing a heavy object / box

2. Lifting a heavy object / box
3. Carrying a one sack of rice
4. Moving a heavy box to another place

Generalization / Synthesis
Knowing the principles of manual handling and techniques is a requisite for
any aspiring rice farmer. This is to avoid any injury or hazard in the workplace or
even during the time of doing farm works. In addition, wearing of appropriate
personal protective equipment is a must to keep one’s body or health away from
any accident that may occur.

Great job! You may now proceed to the next lesson.

Before going any further, let us see if you know something about this topic!

Pre-Assessment

True of False

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong.

Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

18
1. Operators are allowed to clear blockage in the machine while it is still
turned on.
2. One must not rely on the hydraulics when working on hydraulically-raised
equipment.
3. In checking for leaks, an operator must use something to show where the
leak is.
4. A machine operator can lubricate anytime even the machine is still in
motion.
5. The operator can use bare hands to check leaks in an oil tank engine.
6. An operator can clean when machine is running without moving the
guards.
7. Most hydraulic oil is always under high pressure.
8. Pants should be worn to protect legs when working in the farm.
9. Removing the guard can be done when the machine is in motion.
10. Removing the guard can be done when the machine is in stationary.

Prior Knowledge

The last lesson discussed was about the principles of manual handling
and techniques. You were taught the techniques so that you could not
encounter any hazard or accident while doing the rice farming activities. The
skills or knowledge learned are preparatory to studying the new lesson that
will be presented. Prepare for another topic, But, before that, do the activity
below first.

Identification

Directions: Identify the personal protective equipment that should be used

in the farm situations as stated below. Write as many PPE as
you can that may be applied in each situation.
Farm Situations Personal Protective
Equipment to Be Used
1. Welding the leaks of the oil tanker
2. Cutting the tall grasses and shrubs
3. Planting rice on a muddy soil
4. Cutting tall trees to be used for the
nursery
5. Spraying the grass with herbicide

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Presentation
Now, you have to tackle another lesson: occupational health and safety in rice
production operations. This topic will give you insights on observing safety or
security while working in the rice farm. Also, you can be free from any injury and
health hazard.

Concept Development
Potentially Hazardous Activities in a Mechanized Rice Farming

During the maintenance of agricultural machinery, there are many activities

which are potentially hazardous in the farm when using farm machines. Always
observe the safety procedures in doing the maintenance of the equipment and tools.
Hazardous
Things to Be Done to Ensure Safety
Activities
Lubricating • If you need to remove the guard to lubricate the machine,
never lubricate while the machine is in motion.
Checking the • Remember that hydraulic oil is under high pressure. The
Hydraulic external signs of oil injection may be slight, but the
Systems internal damage is not and may lead to surgery or
amputation.
• If checking for leaks, use something (e.g., a piece of card
run along the hose) to show where the leak is. Do not use
your hands.
• Release the pressure before working on the system.
Sharpening • When working on, for example a forage harvester, only
the actual sharpening should take place with the machine
in motion. All activities before and after, like guard
removal, should be done with the machine stationary,
even if rundown takes a long time.
• Beware of flying particles when sharpening machinery.
Use protective equipment such as goggles.
Working under • When working under raised machines, jacks should be
Machines unused and correctly located, and additional support
(e.g., axle stands) is provided.
• When working on hydraulically-raised equipment (e.g.,
trailers) use props. Never rely on the hydraulics.
Hammering • Beware of flying particles. Always use the appropriate
personal protective equipment. It offers protection not

20
 only against flying particles, but also from against many
risks.
Cleaning • Be aware of the danger of falling off or into a machinery,
particularly in wet or muddy conditions. Make sure you
know how to access machines safely, especially large
machines such as combines.
• Don’t clean with machines running and with guards
removed.
Blockages • Many accidents happen while cleaning machine
blockages often because operators attempt to clear a
blockage while the machine is still powered.
• Again, the key question to ask is: “Have I been trained to
do this job properly?”. If your answer is “NO”, do not
attempt to do it.

Activities

I. Identification

Directions: Identify what hazardous activity has been described in each

item. Refer your answer to the choices inside the box. Write
the letter of the correct answer on another sheet of paper.

A. blockages E. lubricating
B. checking hydraulic system F. sharpening
C. cleaning G. working under machine
D. hammering

1. Don’t clean with machines running and with guards removed.

2. Never lubricate while the machine is in motion.
3. When working on hydraulically-raised equipment (e.g., trailers) use props.
4. If checking for leaks, use something (e.g., a piece of card run along the
hose) to show where the leak is.
5. Beware of flying particles when sharpening machinery.
6. Beware of the danger of falling off or into a machinery, particularly in wet
or muddy conditions.
7. All activities before and after, like guard removal, should be done with the
machine stationary, even if rundown takes a long time.
8. Many accidents happen while cleaning machine blockages often because
operators attempt to clear a blockage while the machine is still powered.
9. Release the pressure before working on the system.

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10. Make sure you know how to access machines safely, especially large
machines such as combines.

II. Share Your Own Experience!

Directions: In a two to three paragraphs, write your own experience about

an accident that happened while you are working in the farm or
while helping your parents working in the farm. You can
choose from some of the suggested titles below. Write your
experiences on a clean sheet of paper.

Suggested Titles:

1. Accident That Happened in the Farm

2. Me and My Family in the Farm
3. My Own Experience while Working in the Farm

Assessment

Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Supply the blank spaces with the necessary information to avoid
the hazards that a farmer may encounter on his mechanized
farm. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

1. When lubricating the parts of a machine, an operator must ________.

2. When an operator checks the hydraulic systems, he must remember that
________.
3. When sharpening the parts of a machine, the operator must ________.
4. When working under machines, an operator must ________.
5. When hammering some parts of the machine, an operator must _______.
6. When cleaning the machine parts, the operator should ________.
7. When there are some blockages on the machine, the operator should
________.
8. Many agricultural machines have potentially dangerous moving parts,
which can cause ________.
9. If the operator has to lift some heavy parts of the machine, he must use
________.
10. Many serious and fatal accidents have occurred where operators have
tried to clear blockages, tried to correct faults or worked on machines
with the engine running or power engaged. So, always make sure you
follow the ________.

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Application
Hazards No More!

Directions: You tour around your barrio or zone. Identify and list down at least five
(5) occupational / environmental hazards that you think the barangay
officials in your place should take an action to ensure the safety of the
farmers in the barangay. DO NOT FORGET TO WEAR YOUR FACE
MASK WHILE DOING THE ACTIVITY. Write the list on another sheet
of paper.

1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________
Generalization / Synthesis
In this module, you are able to track down the possibilities of events that you
may encounter while working on a mechanized rice farm. From the selection of tools
and equipment, doing the pre-operative check-up and maintenance, and choosing
the right personal protective equipment that suit to your jobs and the preventive
measures, each farmer should be aware of while doing the activities. All of these
preventive measures comprised to the more complex jobs that a rice farmer will be
facing as he goes along with the farm chores.

As a learner, it is also important that you know all these things for you to be
able to give your full support when working hand-in-hand with the farmer on a
mechanized farm.

Post Assessment
I. Modified True or False

Directions: Write T if the statement is True and F if it is False. Write your answers
on another sheet of paper.

1. A machine operator can lubricate anytime even the machine is still in motion.
2. The operator can use bare hands to check leaks in an oil tank engine.
3. Operators are allowed to clear blockage in the machine while the power is
turned on.
4. If checking for leaks, an operator must use something to show where the leak is.

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5. To check the radiator, you have to slowly remove the red cap and check the
liquid level.
6. The PTO in a tractor stands for power transmission output.
7. When driving the tractor, you have to pay attention to the ground under the
tractor for any signs of liquid leaks such as oil, coolant or fuel.
8. Rotavator is considered as the most useful and convenient equipment for the
farmers.
9. An operator can clean when machine is running without moving the guards.
10. Most hydraulic oil is always under high pressure.

II. Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on another
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following tools is used to dig a hole?

A. bolo B. crowbar
C. mattock D. shovel
2. Why do you need farm tools in rice production operations?
A. to make work easier
B. to make work faster
C. to save time and effort
D. to make work faster, easier and economical
3. To be able to operate the farm equipment efficiently, what should the operator
do of the machine?
A. Allow the bystanders to stay on the side.
B. Check the machine and apply oil frequently.
C. Read and familiarize the manual of operation.
D. Shield and guard the machine.
4. Which of the following is not the reason why you need to conduct a pre-
operational checking of tools, implements, and equipment before starting to
work in the farm?
A. to discard the tools
B. to repair defective tools
C. to check if the tools are serviceable
D. to determine the functionality of tools and implements
5. What implement is used for tilling and pulverizing the soil in an upland
rice farming?
A. harrow B. native plow
C. rotavator D. tractor
6. What equipment is used to draw the irrigation water from the source such as
deep well, rivers or lakes?
A. irrigation canal B. water depressor
C. water dispenser D. water pump

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7. To prevent rust and other foreign objects going in the oil engines, what should
the operator do?
A. Check the oil level. B. Clean the top of the oil can.
C. Remove the dipstick. D. Use a clean funnel.
8. What are the accessories being pulled by working animals and are usually
used in the preparation of large tract of land?
A. equipment B. hand tools
C. implements D. machinery
9. What is the equipment commonly used to transport materials from the house to
the farm?
A. four-wheel tractor B. hand tractor
C. harrow D. rotavator
10. Which of the following jobs is not part of post-harvest operations in rice
production?
A. milling B. soaking
C. threshing D. warehousing

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Answer Key

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Answer Key

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