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Thomas Calculus Early Transcendentals 13Th Edition Thomas Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Thomas Calculus Early Transcendentals 13Th Edition Thomas Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
4
A) ln -4 + 5x + C B) - ln 4 - 5x + C
5
6
C) - ln -4 + 5x + C D) -6 ln -4 + 5x + C
5
2
2) ∫ x2 + 1
x3 + 3x
dx 2)
1
1 7 1 1 1 1 3
A) ln B) ln C) ln 2 D) ln
3 2 3 2 2 3 10
3) ∫ cos x dx
1 + 5 sin x
3)
A) ln 1 + 5 sin x + C B) 5 sin x + C
1
C) ln 1 + 5 sin x + C D) 5 ln 1 + 5 sin x + C
5
π/12
4) ∫ sec 2 3x
5 + tan 3x
dx 4)
0
6 1 1 1 6
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) e6/5
5 3 5 3 5
5) ∫ dx
x 4 + 3 ln x
5)
1 1
A) ln 4 + 3 ln x + C B) ln 3 + 4 ln x + C
3 3
4 1
C) ln 4 + 3 ln x + C D) ln 4 + 3 ln x + C
3 4
5π/4
6) ∫ tan
x
5
dx 6)
0
5 2 -5 2 -5 ln 2 5 ln 2
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 2
π/6
7) ∫ 3 cot (3θ) dθ 7)
π/12
ln 2 ln 6 ln 2
A) - B) C) D) ln 2
2 2 2
1
7π/3
8) ∫ 2 cot
t
7
dt 8)
7π/6
A) 7 ln 3 B) -7 ln 3 C) -14 ln 3 D) 14 ln 3
π/12
9) ∫ 18 tan 3x dx 9)
0
A) 3 ln 2 B) 3 ln 3 C) 6 ln 2 D) -3 ln 2
1 1 (6 sin 3x)
A) ln sec 3x + C B) e +C
3 3
13) ∫ 10e 5x
2 x
dx 13)
A) 5 e 5x + C B) 10 e 5x + C C) 5 e 5x + C D) 2 5 e 5x + C
15) ∫ 2
ex + e -x dx 15)
1 1
A) 2x -2x + C B) 2x -2x + 2x + C
2 e +e 2 e -e
1 1
C) 2x -2x + 2x + C D) 2x -2x + C
2 e +e 2 e -e
ln 2
16) ∫ ex dx 16)
ln 5
A) 7 B) -3 C) 4 D) 3
2
17) ∫ e1/x
2x2
dx 17)
π/20
18) ∫ (1 + etan 5x) sec 2 5x dx 18)
0
e e
A) e B) 5e C) D) -
5 5
ln π
19) ∫ 2x ex2 sin ex2 dx 19)
0
A) -1 B) 1 - cos 1 C) 1 + cos 1 D) 1
20) ∫ e4θ
1 + e4θ
dθ 20)
ln (1 + 4eθ)
A) ln (1 + e4θ) + C B) +C
4
ln (1 + e4θ)
C) +C D) 4 ln (1 + e4θ) + C
4
2
21) ∫ x2 x2 dx 21)
1
2 2 2-2 1
A) B) C) D) 1
ln 2 2 ln 2 ln 2
2
22) ∫ 27x2 4 x3 dx 22)
1
589,788 9 540
A) B) +C C) 589,788 D)
ln 4 ln x ln 4
π/2
23) ∫ 5 cos t sin t dt 23)
0
5 π/2-1 -4 4
A) B) C) 4 D)
ln 5 ln 5 ln 5
3
5
24) ∫ 5 ln x
x
dx 24)
1
3120 24 5 ln 5 - 1 5 ln 5
A) B) C) D)
ln 5 ln 5 ln 5 ln 5
t 10 t 10-2 t 10-1
A) +C B) 1 C) +C D) +C
10 10 - 2 ln t
6
27) ∫ ( 3 + 1)x 3 dx 27)
0
6 3
A) B) 6 3 + 1 C) 6 3 + 1 - 1 D) x 3 + 1 + C
ln 6
e3 6
28) ∫ t
dt 28)
1
2 1
A) - B) 18 C) 6 ln 3 D) 3
2e6 2
e
29) ∫ 10xln 2 - 1 dx 29)
1
1-e 10 1
A) B) C) +C D) 10
ln 10 ln 2 10 ln x
∫
log3 x
30) dx 30)
x
(ln x)2 ln 3 (ln x)2 ln x
A) 3 x ln 3 + C B) +C C) +C D) +C
2 ln 3 2 ln 3
12 log (x + 4)
31) ∫ 4
x+4
dx 31)
0
ln 12 - ln 4 3 ln 4
A) B) C) 2 ln 4 D) ln 4 - 1
2 2
4
Solve the initial value problem.
dy
32) = et sin (et - 6), y(ln 6) = 0 32)
dt
A) y = et cos (et - 6) - 6 B) y = cos (et - 6) - 1
C) y = sin e t - sin 2 D) y = -cos (et - 6) + 1
dy 2
33) = e-t sec2 (πe-t ), y(-ln 7) = 33)
dt π
-tan (πe-t ) + 2
A) y = B) y = cot (πe-t ) + 2
π
-e-tcot (πe-t ) + 1 tan (πe-t ) + 9
C) y = D) y =
π π
dy
34) = e4x cos e4x, y(0) = 0 34)
dx
1 1 1
A) y = sin x B) y = sin e4x -
4 4 4
1 1 1 1
C) y = sin e4x - sin 1 D) y = - sin e4x + sin 1
4 4 4 4
dy
35) = -8e-x sec e-x tan e-x, y(0) = 8 sec 1 + 4 35)
dx
A) y = 8 tan e-x + 4 B) y = 8 sec e-x + 4
C) y = -8 sec x + 1 D) y = -8 sec e-x + 1
d2 y
36) = 9e-x, y(0) = 1, y′ (0) = 0 36)
dx2
A) y = 9e-x + 1 B) y = 9e-x + 9x - 8
C) y = 9e-x - 9x + 10 D) y = -9e-x + C
d2 y
37) = -7e-x, y(0) = -6, y′(0) = 0 37)
dx2
A) y = 7e-x + C B) y = -7e-x + 7x - 13
C) y = -7e-x - 6 D) y = -7e-x - 7x + 1
d2 y
38) = e2t + 9 sin t, y(0) = 0, y′(0) = 4 38)
dt2
e2t e2t 25 1
A) y = - 9 sin t B) y = - 9 sin t + t-
4 4 2 4
e2t 1 1
C) y = - 9 sin t + 4t - D) y = e2t - 9 sin t + 12t -
4 4 4
5
d2 y -1
39) = 3 - e-t, y(1) = , y′(0) = -4 39)
dt2 e
3t2 2
A) y = - e -t B) y = 3t2 + e -t - 5t + 2 -
2 e
3t2 7 3t2
C) y = - e -t - 5t + D) y = - e -t - 4t
2 2 2
3
41) Find the volume of the solid that is generated by revolving the area bounded by y = , 41)
8x + 1
x = 0, x = 4, and y = 0 about the x-axis.
9 9 3 8 3
A) π ln (8) B) π ln (33) C) π ln (33) D) π ln (8)
8 8 8 8
1 1
42) The region between the curve y = and the x-axis from x = to x = 6 is revolved about the 42)
x2 6
y-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
A) 2π ln 6 B) 2π ln 6 - π C) π ln 6 - π D) 4π ln 6
x2 1
43) Find the length of the curve y = - ln x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4. 43)
4 2
ln 2 ln 2
A) 2 + ln 3 B) 3 + ln 2 C) 3 + D)
2 2
y2 y
44) Find the length of the curve x = - 4 ln , 8 ≤ y ≤ 16. 44)
32 5
2 2
A) 8 + 4 ln 2 B) 6 + 4 ln 2 C) 8 + 4 ln D) 6 + 4 ln
5 5
Determine if the given function y = f(x) is a solution of the accompanying differential equation.
45) y′ = - y2 45)
1
y=
x+5
A) Yes B) No
6
47) y′ - y = 4ex 47)
y = e4x + 4xex
A) Yes B) No
4x t
50) y =
1
4x ∫ e
t
dt 50)
1
1 4x
x2 y′ + xy = e
4
A) Yes B) No
7
2x
55) Differential equation: xy′ + y = 55)
3
Initial condition: y(3) = 2
3 x
Solution candidate: y = +
x 3
A) No B) Yes
1
C) y = ln (e2x + C) D) y = 2e2x + C
2
dy 3y2
57) = 57)
dx x
1 -1
A) y = B) y = 9ln x + C C) y = - 3ln x + C D) y =
3ln x + C 3ln x + C
dy
58) = 15 xy 58)
dx
A) y = 25x3 + C B) y = 5x3 + x3/2 + C
C) y = 5x3/2 + C D) y = (5x3/2 + C)2
dy
59) x2 = 5y 59)
dx
5
A) y = - +C B) y = Ce5/x C) y = Ce- 5/x D) y = Ce- 5x
x
dy
60) = 5x4 e-y 60)
dx
A) y = C ln (x5 ) B) y = x5 + C C) y = ln (x5 + C) D) y = ln (5x5 + C)
dy
61) = 3x2 cos2 y 61)
dx
A) y = tan -1 (x2 + C) B) y = x3 + C
C) y = tan -1 (x3 + C) D) y = tan (x3 + C)
dy
62) = 6x5 sec y 62)
dx
A) y = sin (x6 + C) B) y = cos-1 (x6 + C)
C) y = sin -1 (x6 + C) D) y = x6 + C
8
dy
63) = 6x5 y - 1 63)
dx
1 12
A) y = x +C B) y = (x6 + C) 2
4
1 6 2
C) y = x +C +1 D) y = (2x6 + C) 2 + 1
2
dy
64) = 6x 9 - y2 64)
dx
A) y = sin -1 (3x2 + C) B) y = sin (3x2 + C)
C) y = 3 sin -1 (3x2 + C) D) y = 3 sin (3x2 + C)
dy
65) = 7 cos x sec y 65)
dx
A) y = sin -1 (7 sin x + C) B) y = 7 sin x + C
C) y = sin (7 sin x + C) D) y = sin -1 (7 cos x + C)
67) A certain radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 2% per 100 years. If t represents time in years and 67)
y represents the amount of the isotope left then the equation for the situation is y = y0 e-0.0002t. In
how many years will there be 93% of the isotope left?
A) 700 years B) 253 years C) 363 years D) 350 years
68) A loaf of bread is removed from an oven at 350° F and cooled in a room whose temperature is 68)
70° F. If the bread cools to 210° F in 20 minutes, how much longer will it take the bread to cool to
160° F.
A) 33 min B) 14 min C) 13 min D) 23 min
69) In a chemical reaction, the rate at which the amount of a reactant changes with time is proportional 69)
dy
to the amount present, such that = -0.7y, when t is measured in hours. If there are 77 g of
dt
reactant present when t = 0, how many grams will be left after 2 hours? Give your answer to the
nearest tenth of a gram.
A) 28.5 g B) 19 g C) 0.2 g D) 9.5 g
70) Find the half-life of the radioactive element radium, assuming that its decay constant is 70)
k = 4.332 x 10-4 , with time measured in years.
A) 2308 years B) 1400 years C) 1600 years D) 800 years
9
71) The charcoal from a tree killed in a volcanic eruption contained 62.7% of the carbon-14 found in 71)
living matter. How old is the tree, to the nearest year? Use 5700 years for the half-life of
carbon-14.
A) 2661 years B) 1844 years C) 5700 years D) 3839 years
72) The intensity L(x) of light x ft beneath the surface of a lake satisfies the differential equation 72)
dL
= - 0.09L. At what depth, to the nearest foot, is the intensity one tenth the intensity at the
dx
surface?
A) 17 ft B) 13 ft C) 26 ft D) 38 ft
73) The barometric pressure p at an altitude of h miles above sea level satisfies the differential 73)
dp
equation = -0.2 p. If the pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches of mercury, find the barometric
dh
pressure at 17,000 ft.
A) 1 in. B) 7.86 in. C) 15.71 in. D) 56.97 in.
74) Suppose that the amount of oil pumped from a well decreases at the continuous rate of 9% per 74)
year. When, to the nearest year, will the well's output fall to one-eighth of its present value?
A) 23 years B) 15 years C) 35 years D) 2 years
75) The amount of alcohol in the bloodstream, A, declines at a rate proportional to the amount, that is, 75)
dA
= - kA. If k = 0.4 for a particular person, how long will it take for his alcohol concentration to
dt
decrease from 0.10% to 0.05%? Give your answer to the nearest tenth of an hour.
A) 1.7 hr B) 2.6 hr C) 0.3 hr D) 3.5 hr
A value of sinh x or cosh x is given. Use the definitions and the identity cosh 2 x - sinh2 x = 1 to find the value of the
other indicated hyperbolic function.
5
76) sinh x = , cosh x = 76)
12
13 169 13 12
A) - B) C) D)
12 144 12 13
4
77) sinh x = - , tanh x = 77)
3
4 5 5 4
A) B) C) - D) -
5 3 4 5
3
78) sinh x = , coth x = 78)
4
3 5 5 5
A) B) C) D)
5 4 3 16
8
79) sinh x = , sech x = 79)
15
17 15 15 64
A) B) C) D)
15 17 8 289
10
12
80) sinh x = - , csch x = 80)
5
5 13 169 5
A) - B) C) D)
12 5 25 12
5
81) cosh x = , x > 0, sinh x = 81)
3
4 16 4 3
A) - B) C) D)
3 9 3 5
13
82) cosh x = , x > 0, tanh x = 82)
12
25 5 5 13
A) - B) C) D)
144 12 13 5
13
83) cosh x = , x < 0, coth x = 83)
5
5 12 13 12
A) - B) - C) - D)
13 5 12 13
17
84) cosh x = , x < 0, sech x = 84)
8
8 8 289 15
A) - B) C) - D)
15 17 64 17
17
85) cosh x = , x < 0, csch x = 85)
15
15 15 15 8
A) - B) C) - D) -
8 8 17 15
11
90) (sinh x + cosh x) 4 90)
e4x
A) e4x - e-4x B) ex4 C) e4x D)
4
8x
99) y = csch 99)
7
8 8x 8x 8x 8x
A) - csch coth B) -csch coth
7 7 7 7 7
8 8x 8x 8x 8x
C) csch coth D) csch coth
7 7 7 7 7
12
1
101) y = -4t3 tanh 101)
t2
1 1 1 1
A) -12t2 tanh + 4 sech2 B) -12t2 tanh + 8 sech
t2 t2 t2 t2
1 1 1 1
C) -12t2 tanh - 8 sech2 D) -12t2 tanh + 8 sech2
t2 t2 t2 t2
θ2 + 5θ θ
C) (2θ + 5) tanh-1 (θ + 4) - D) -
1 + (θ + 4)2 θ+3
13
108) y = 7 ln x + 1 - x2 sech-1 x 108)
6 x sech-1 x
A) 7 ln x - sech-1 x B) -
x 2 1 - x2
6 x sech-1 x 7 sech-1 x
C) - D) -
x 1 - x2 x 1 - x2
1 θ
109) y = csch -1 109)
9
1 θ 1
ln 9 ln
ln 9 ln 9 9 9
A) B) C) D)
1 θ 1 θ 1 2θ 1 2θ 1 2θ
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
9 9 9 9 9
∫ x csch-1 x dx = x2 csch-1 x + 12
2
114) 1 + x2 + C 114)
A) Yes B) No
A) Yes B) No
14
117) ∫ 3x tanh x2 dx = 32 ln (cosh x2) + C 117)
A) Yes B) No
A) Yes B) No
tanh-1 (lnx)
120) ∫ x
1
dx = ln x tanh-1 (ln x) + ln (1 - (ln x)2)+ C
2
120)
A) Yes B) No
A) Yes B) No
x x x x
A) -6 sinh +C B) sin -1 +C C) 6 sinh +C D) sinh +C
6 6 6 6
125) ∫ 3 cosh x
2
- ln 3 dx 125)
x x
A) 2 sinh - ln 3 + C B) 3 sinh - ln 3 + C
2 2
x 3 x
C) 6 sinh - ln 3 + C D) sinh +C
2 2 2
15
126) ∫ 5 sinh (4x- ln 8) dx 126)
5
A) 5 cosh (4x - ln 8) + C B) cosh 4x + C
32
5
C) cosh (4x - ln 8) + C D) 20 cosh (4x - ln 8) + C
4
127) ∫ tanh x
6
dx 127)
x x
A) 6 sech2 +C B) 6 ln sinh +C
6 6
x x
C) ln coth +C D) 6 ln cosh +C
6 6
x x
A) 6 tanh 3 - +C B) 2 csch 3 3 - +C
6 6
x x
C) 6 coth 3 - +C D) -coth 3 - +C
6 6
sech x2
A) 4 sech x2 + C B) - 4 sech x2 + C C) 8 csch x2 + C D) +C
2x
-1 1
C) csch (ln x) + C D) csch (ln x) + C
10 10
16
ln 10
133) ∫ tanh x dx 133)
ln 2
38 101 38
A) ln B) ln 2 C) ln D)
5 25 5
ln 7
134) ∫ cosh x dx 134)
0
41 48 41 24
A) - B) C) D)
14 7 14 7
ln 4
135) ∫ coth 3x dx 135)
ln 2
1025 3 1 1 1025
A) ln B) C) ln 2 D) ln
32 8 3 3 32
ln 3
136) ∫ 4etcosh t dt 136)
ln 2
3 3
A) 2 + 2 ln B) 13 + 2 ln 6 C) 5 + ln 1 D) 5 + 2 ln
2 2
ln 3
137) ∫ e-t sinh t dt 137)
0
ln 3 ln 3 1 ln 3 2 3 2
A) +2 B) + C) - D) ln -
2 2 36 2 9 2 9
π/2
138) ∫ 9 cosh (sin θ) cos θ dθ 138)
0
9 1 9 1
A) e+ B) e-
2 e 2 e
9
C) 9(eπ/2 - e-π/2 - 1) D)
2
π/4
139) ∫ 10 sinh (tan θ) sec2 θ dθ 139)
-π/4
1
A) 10 B) 10 e -
e
C) 0 D) 10(eπ/4 - e-π/4 )
17
9
140) ∫ 14
sinh
x
x
dx 140)
1
1
A) -14 B) 28 e3 + e-3 -e -
e
1
C) 14 e3 + e-3 -e - D) 14(e3 - e)
e
0
141) ∫ 7 sinh2
x
2
dx 141)
-ln 3
448 7 4 7 4 7 6 -6
A) - B) + ln 3 C) - ln 3 D) (e - e )
81 2 3 2 3 3
ln 5
142) ∫ 10 cosh2
x
2
dx 142)
0
4394 10 15 -15 12 13
A) B) (e - e ) C) 5 + ln 5 D) 5 - ln 5
25 3 5 5
Express the value of the inverse hyperbolic function in terms of natural logarithms.
-3
143) sinh-1 143)
4
1 -3
A) ln B) ln (4) C) ln + 10 D) ln 2
2 4
13
144) cosh-1 144)
5
1 13
A) ln B) ln 4 C) ln 5 D) ln + 170
5 5
10
145) tanh-1 145)
11
1 1 1 1
A) ln 1 B) ln -21 C) ln 21 D) ln 231
2 2 2 2
9
146) coth -1 146)
8
1 1 1
A) ln -17 B) ln 17 C) 0 D) ln 153
2 2 2
12
147) sech-1 147)
13
18 3 2
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) Undefined
13 2 3
18
9
148) csch -1 148)
4
4- 97 3 4+ 97
A) ln B) ln 97 C) ln D) ln
9 2 9
2/11
152) ∫ dx
x 16 - 49x2
152)
1/7
1 14 1 4 1 4 1 4
A) tanh-1 - tanh-1 B) - sech-1 + sech-1
4 11 4 49 4 11 4 49
1 7 1 1 1 7 1 1
C) - sech-1 + sech-1 D) tanh-1 - tanh-1
4 22 4 4 4 22 4 4
4 3
153) ∫ dx
16 + x2
153)
0
3+2
A) ln B) ln ( 2 + 3) C) ln ( 2 + 3) D) ln ( 3 + 2)
4
2/2
154) ∫ 16dx
1 + 16x2
154)
0
A) 16 ln (2 2 + 3) B) 4 ln (2 2 + 3) C) 4 ln (2 2 + 7) D) ln 11
19
5/2
155) ∫ dx
1 - x2
155)
6/5
5 1 7 1 7
A) ln B) ln - C) ln D) ln 2
11 2 33 2 33
7/8
156) ∫ dx
1 - x2
156)
0
1 1 1
A) ln 29 B) ln 15 C) ln -6 D) ln
2 2 15
8
157) ∫ dx
x2 - 9
157)
4
1 55 8 + 55
A) ln B) ln
2 4+ 7 4+ 7
8 + 55
C) ln 5 D) ln -1
23
6
158) ∫ x
dx
x2 + 9
158)
3
1+ 5 1 1+ 2
A) -ln B) - ln
2 3 1+ 5
1 1+ 2 1 2(1 + 2)
C) ln D) ln
3 1+ 3 3 1+ 5
9π
159) ∫ -sin x dx
1+ cos2 x
159)
0
-1 + 2
A) ln 2 B) -2 C) 0 D) ln
1+ 2
e3
160) ∫ 5 dx
x 1+ (lnx) 2
160)
1
A) ln (3 + 10 ) B) 5 ln (3 + 10 ) C) 5 ln (1 + 2) D) 3
20
Solve the problem.
161) The velocity of a body of mass m falling from rest under the action of gravity is given by the 161)
mg gk
equation v = tanh t , where k is a constant that depends on the body's aerodynamic
k m
properties and the density of the air, g is the gravitational constant, and t is the number of seconds
lim
into the fall. Find the limiting velocity, v, of a 220 lb. skydiver (mg = 220) when k = 0.006.
t→∞
A) 0.01 ft/sec B) 60.55 ft/sec
C) 191.49 ft/sec D) There is no limiting speed.
162) The velocity of a body of mass m falling from rest under the action of gravity is given by the 162)
mg gk
equation v = tanh t , where k is a constant that depends on the body's aerodynamic
k m
properties and the density of the air, g is the gravitational constant, and t is the number of seconds
lim
into the fall. Find the limiting velocity, v, of a 400 lb. skydiver (mg = 400) when k = 0.006.
t→∞
A) There is no limiting speed. B) 258.20 ft/sec
C) 81.65 ft/sec D) 0.01 ft/sec
1
163) Consider the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the curve y = cosh 10x, the 163)
10
coordinate axes, and the line x = 10. This area is the same as the area of a rectangle of a length s,
where s is the length of the curve from x = 0 to x = 10. What is the height of the rectangle?
1 1
A) 10 B) sinh 100 C) sinh 100 D)
100 10
164) A region in the first quadrant is bounded above by the curve y = cosh x, below by the curve 164)
y = sinh x, on the left by the y-axis, and on the right by the line x = 9. Find the volume of the solid
generated by revolving the region about the x-axis.
π -18
A) 2π B) e +1 C) 0 D) 9π
2
165) A region in the first quadrant is bounded above by the curve y = tanh x, below by the x-axis, on 165)
the left by the y-axis, and on the right by the line x = ln 5. Find the volume of the solid generated
by revolving the region about the x-axis.
12 12
A) 2π B) 0 C) π ln 5 - D) -
13 13
1
166) Find the length of the segment of the curve y = cosh 2x from x=0 to x = ln 6. 166)
2
37 35 1 1
A) B) C) 6 D) 6-
24 24 4 6
21
Find the slowest growing and the fastest growing functions as x→∞.
167) y = x + 10 167)
y = ex
y = x4 + cos2 x
y = 7x
A) Slowest: y = x + 10 B) Slowest: y = ex
Fastest: y = 7 x Fastest: y = x4 + cos2 x
C) Slowest: y = x + 10 D) Slowest: y = x + 10
Fastest: y = ex Fastest: y = x4 + cos2 x
22
170) y = x2 + 8x 170)
y = x2
y= x4 + x2
y = 6x2
A) Slowest: y = x4 + x2
Fastest: y = 6x2
B) They all grow at the same rate.
C) Slowest: y = x4 + x2
Fastest: y = x2 + 8x
D) Slowest: y = x2 and y = 6x2 grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = x4 + x2
171) y = ln 6x 171)
y = 2 ln x
1
y=
x
y= x
1
A) Slowest: y =
x
Fastest: y = x
1
B) Slowest: y =
x
Fastest: y = 2 ln x
C) Slowest: y = ln 6x and y = 2 ln x grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = x
D) Slowest: y = x
Fastest: y = ln 6x and y = 2 ln x grow at the same rate.
172) y = ex 172)
y = ex/2
y = xx
y = 4x
A) Slowest: y = xx
Fastest: y = 4 x
B) Slowest: y = ex/2 and y = ex grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = 4 x
C) Slowest: y = ex/2 and y = ex grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = xx
D) Slowest: y = ex/2
Fastest: y = xx
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
23
174) ex = o(e5x) 174)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
185) Show that y = x6 + x and y =x6 + x4 grow at the same rate as x→∞ by showing that 185)
they both grow at the same rate as y = x3 as x→∞.
186) Suppose you are looking for an item in an ordered list one million items long. Which 186)
would be better, a sequential search or a binary search? Why?
24
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
1) C
2) A
3) C
4) C
5) A
6) D
7) C
8) A
9) A
10) C
11) C
12) B
13) D
14) C
15) B
16) B
17) B
18) C
19) C
20) C
21) C
22) A
23) D
24) C
25) A
26) A
27) B
28) B
29) B
30) B
31) B
32) D
33) A
34) C
35) B
36) B
37) D
38) B
39) C
40) D
41) B
42) D
43) C
44) B
45) A
46) A
47) B
48) A
49) B
50) A
25
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
51) A
52) A
53) B
54) B
55) B
56) C
57) D
58) D
59) C
60) C
61) C
62) C
63) C
64) D
65) A
66) D
67) C
68) C
69) B
70) C
71) D
72) C
73) C
74) A
75) A
76) C
77) D
78) C
79) B
80) A
81) C
82) C
83) C
84) B
85) A
86) A
87) D
88) D
89) B
90) C
91) B
92) C
93) D
94) C
95) C
96) A
97) B
98) C
99) A
100) C
26
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
101) D
102) D
103) B
104) B
105) A
106) B
107) B
108) C
109) B
110) C
111) D
112) C
113) A
114) A
115) A
116) A
117) A
118) B
119) B
120) A
121) A
122) A
123) C
124) C
125) C
126) C
127) D
128) A
129) C
130) C
131) B
132) C
133) C
134) D
135) D
136) D
137) C
138) B
139) C
140) C
141) C
142) C
143) A
144) C
145) C
146) B
147) B
148) D
149) D
150) D
27
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
151)C
152)C
153)D
154)B
155)C
156)B
157)B
158)D
159)D
160)B
161)C
162)B
163)D
164)D
165)C
166)B
167)A
168)B
169)D
170)B
171)A
172)D
173)FALSE
174)TRUE
175)FALSE
176)TRUE
177)TRUE
178)TRUE
179)TRUE
180)TRUE
181)FALSE
182)FALSE
183)f = O(g) but g ≠ O(f) except in the case where their degrees are equal.
ln(x+1) 1/(x + 1) x
184) lim = lim = lim =1
x→∞ ln x x→∞ 1/x x→∞ + 1
x
ln(x+9985) 1/(x + 9985) x
lim = lim = lim =1
x→∞ ln x x→∞ 1/x x→∞ x + 9985
y = ln x, y = ln(x+1), and y = ln (x+9985) all grow at the same rate.
x6 + x x6 + x 1
185) lim = lim = lim 1+ =1
x→∞ x 3 x→∞ x 6 x→∞ x 5
x 6 + x4 x6 + x 4 1
lim = lim = lim 1+ =1
x→∞ x3 x→∞ x6 x→∞ x2
Therefore both functions grow at the same rate as x→∞.
186) The binary search. The sequential search could take up to a million steps. The binary search would take at most 20
steps.
28
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
groove running forwards along the back of A; this apparatus serves to bring
food to the great funnel-like mouth. The next segment (twelfth) carries a
dorsal and ventral "sucker," representing the parapodia. Each of the
segments 13, 14, 15 carries a membranous fold encircling the body. By the
constant movement of these "fans," which have nearly the same diameter as
the tube, a current of water is constantly washed over the animal. The fans
represent the notopodia; the neuropodia are bilobed rounded knobs. The
region C consists in the adult of about thirty segments, all alike, and less
modified than the preceding. The animal is the most truly tubicolous of the
Polychaetes, and is much modified on this account. No locomotor chaetae
are present, though the great wings and notopodial processes of region C
contains chitinous bristles, which, however, do not project;[384] the anterior
region with its stiff chaetae, and the neuropodial uncinal plates of the rest of
the body serve in its movements up and down the tube, while the "suckers" fix
the worm temporarily to the wall of its house.
Sub-Order 3. Terebelliformia.
The chaetigerous lobes are small; the dorsal ones contain capillary chaetae,
which are frequently confined to the anterior segments, whilst the ventral
chaetae are uncini. The ventral surface of the anterior segments is thickened
by glands which secrete the mucus employed in tube-building; the number of
these "shields" and of the dorsal bundles of chaetae have to be noted in
identifying the worms. There are one to three pairs of large anterior nephridia.
A very strong "diaphragm"—usually more or less pouched—cuts off this
anterior region of the body-cavity from the rest, and is the only complete
septum in the body; from three to twelve pairs of small generative ducts occur
behind it. The family is tubicolous, foreign materials being generally used in
the formation of the tube.
Fig. 175.—Amphitrite johnstoni (½ nat. size). g, Gills; t, prostomial tentacles.
(From Cunningham and Ramage.)
There are six genera which are fairly common round our coast, and their
identification may be facilitated by means of the following table[388]:—
A. Capillary Amphitrite.
equal in size.
chaetae 3 pairs, 24 notopodia.
confined to which are Terebella.
the anterior unequal in size.
Gills 17 notopodia.
part of body; ramose. Gills equal.
commencing Nicolea.
2 pairs. Eye-spots.
on the fourth
17 notopodia. Gills unequal and of
segment. Pista.
peculiar shape.
B. Capillary
chaetae arborescent; 3 pairs. Leprea.
throughout
the body; Gills
commencing filiform; in transverse series in
Thelepus.
on the third two segments.
segment.
Nicolea venustula Mont. has only two pairs of equal, arborescent gills (Fig.
176, D); the tentacles are comparatively few. The animal, which is about an
inch in length, is cinnamon-yellow with white spots, and has seventeen gland
shields. 20 fathoms, North Sea and Mediterranean. Pista cristata Müll. is
readily recognised by the shape of the gills (Fig. 176, E), of which there are
only two pairs. Each consists of a long peduncle, bearing a number of
dichotomously dividing, rather spirally-arranged branches, the whole having
the appearance of a "bottle-brush." The worm is 2 to 4 inches long, of
greyish-red to yellow colour. Atlantic east and west (even at the mouth of the
Congo), and Mediterranean. Thelepus cincinnatus Fabr. is about the same
length, pale red in colour, marked on its back with clear areas, giving the
appearance of lacework. The gills are represented by numerous unbranched
filaments arising separately in two transverse rows. The tube, which is
adherent to shells, etc., along its whole length, is of thin, transparent, and
flexible material like mica, covered with foreign bodies, and even with Polyzoa
and Hydrozoa. 30 fathoms, Atlantic and Mediterranean.
Sub-Order 4. Capitelliformia.
Notomastus latericeus Sars is a longer worm, living in shallow water, off our
coast and in the Mediterranean. The anterior twelve segments are wider than
the rest of the body. The notopodial chaetae of the anterior segments of the
hind body form a ring. Dasybranchus caducus Gr., which occurs in the
Mediterranean, but not on our coast, reaches a length of 2 or 3 feet. It has
gills on the hinder segments above the neuropodia.
Sub-Order 5. Scoleciformia.
Fam. 1. Opheliidae.—Comparatively short, rather ugly worms of a pearly
colour, no prostomial processes: parapodia obscure. The family is
represented in British waters by four species, occurring in shallow water.
Fig. 180.—Arenicola marina. × 1. Dorsal view. The anterior end is seen partly
from the side. III, The first chaetigerous segment; IX, the ninth
chaetigerous, and first branchial segment; XXI, the last branchial segment;
b, notopodial and c, neuropodial chaetae; g', g, the first and last gills; t, the
non-chaetigerous tail.
Fam. 5. Chlorhaemidae.—The family derives its name from the green colour
of the blood, due to chlorocruorin. The representatives are comparatively
short worms, with capillary chaetae on all the segments, the limits of which
are not evident. The prostomium carries a pair of long grooved yellowish
processes, which are perhaps palps, and several green tentacles, acting as
"gills," arranged in a transverse series above the mouth (Fig. 134, F, p. 262).
The peristomium is achaetous; the whole "head" can be withdrawn into the
body. The chaetae of the anterior segments are especially long, and directed
forwards so as to form a "cage" for the head. The body-wall is covered with
longer or shorter papillae. Internally, the chief points of interest are the
presence of only two septa (Trophonia) or only one septum (Siphonostoma),
situated somewhere in front of the middle of the body, and forming a great
backwardly-directed pouch, which contains a part of the looped intestine, and
the nephridia, of which there are only two or four.
BRANCH B. CRYPTOCEPHALA.
Sub-Order 1. Sabelliformia.[392]
Fig. 183.—A group of tubes of Serpula vermicularis L., from the mouths of
two of which the animals are protruding, that on the right being seen
from above. br, The gill plume; m, thoracic membrane; op,
operculum; op1, corresponding gill filament of the opposite side; t,
tube. (From Cuvier's Règne Animal.) Nat. size.
Filigrana implexa Berkeley is a small worm, but the slender white tubes
intertwine and adhere together in masses 3 or 4 inches high, occurring
at low tide and down to 18 fathoms in the North Sea and
Mediterranean. The animal has only eight gill filaments on each side,
one of which on each side is slightly expanded to serve as an
operculum. The worm multiplies by transverse division.
The mouth and anus are usually ventral; but in M. glabrum the anus is
dorsal, and in a few species both apertures are carried on to the back
by the great development of the ventral surface. The alimentary canal is
provided with a protrusible pharynx; the intestine is branched; amongst
its branches is the coelom, packed with eggs, and functioning as a
uterus (usually called "ovary"). The true ovary is a small mass of cells
on each side, a proliferation of the coelomic epithelium covering the
intestinal wall. A median continuation of the uterus passes backwards
above the rectum, and opens either into it or by an independent pore
dorsal to the anus. The "lateral oviducts" of Nansen are nephridia with
ciliated funnels opening into the coelom (uterus), and with pores
leading into the cloaca on its ventral surface; or, in M. belli Wheeler,
opening to the exterior. The two testes are branched, and each sperm-
duct opens laterally on a papilla, just outside the third parapodium of
each side. Wheeler[399] has recently shown that in the young
Myzostoma the spermatozoa ripen before the ova, so that it is
functionally a male; before the spermatozoa are all discharged the ova