MICROMOBILITY DEVICES

(MMD) USAGE IN MALAYSIA

ZARIR HAFIZ ZULKIPLI
Vulnerable Road User Safety and Mobility Unit (VRUM)
Outline

DEFINITION

BACKGROUND

MALAYSIA SCENARIO : ON THE ROAD USAGE & OBSERVATION

MALAYSIA SCENARIO : MARKET RESEARCH

MALAYSIA SCENARIO : PUBLIC SURVEY

MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT

2
DEFINITION
MICROMOBILITY VEHICLE

GENERAL DEFINITION

 Speed ≤ 50 km/h (30mph)

 Travel ≤ 10km

 Gross vehicle weight ≤ 500 kg

 Powered by human, combustion engine, electric

Source:
Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (2019). "The Electric Assist: Leveraging E-
bikes and E-scooters for More Livable Cities" (PDF). Retrieved June 12, 2020.
MICROMOBILITY VEHICLE DEFINITION

DEFINITION BY SAE ORGANISATION

Source:
Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (2019). "The Electric Assist: Leveraging E-
bikes and E-scooters for More Livable Cities" (PDF). Retrieved June 12, 2020.
5
MICROMOBILITY DEFINITION

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM GUIDANCE ON TERMINOLOGY USE

The classification system consists of the micromobility vehicle type with The following naming convention may be used to develop either word-
descriptors of curb weight, vehicle width, top speed and power source or code-based terms using classifiers and vehicles types

Name Code Description

Curb weight
Ultra lightweight WT1 Curb weight ≤ 50 lb (23 kg)
Lightweight WT2 50 lb (23 kg) < curb weight ≤ 100 lb (45 kg)
Midweight WT3 100 lb (45 kg) < curb weight ≤ 200 lb (91 kg)
Midweight Plus WT4 200 lb (91 kg) < curb weight ≤ 500 lb (227 g)

Vehicle width
Standard-width WD1 Vehicle width ≤ 3 ft (0.9m)
Wide WD2 3 ft (0.9 m) < vehicle width ≤ 4 ft (1.2 m)
Extra-Wide WD3 4 ft (1.2 m) < vehicle width ≤ 5 ft (1.5 m)

Top speed
Ultra low-speed SP1 Top speed ≤ 8 mph (13 km/h)
Low-speed SP2 8 mph (13 km/h) < top speed ≤ 20mph (32 km/h)
Medium-speed SP3 20 mph (32 km/h) < top speed ≤ 30 mph (48 km/h)

Power source
Electric E Powered by an electric motor
Combustion C Powered by an internal combustion engine 6
MICROMOBILITY DEFINITION

PROPOSED DEFINITION & CLASSIFICATION BY

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM (OECD)

TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C TYPE D

Underpower or powered up to Powered with top speed between
25 km/h (16 mph) 25 – 45 km/h (16 -28 mph)
< 35 kg 35 – 350 kg <35 kg 35 – 350 kg
(77 lb) (77 – 770 lb) (77 lb) (77 – 770 lb)

7
MICROMOBILITY DEFINITION

MALAYSIAN DEFINITION

Malaysia Road Transport

(Amendment) Act 2020

Micromobility
Micromobility vehicle”vehicle
means anymeans anythat
vehicle vehicle
is propelled
that is propelled
by electrical means, an by electrical means,engine
internal-combustion an or
humaninternal-combustion engine of
power or a combination or electrical
human powermeans, an
or a combination
internal-combustion engineof orelectrical means,andanhaving a
human power,
internal-combustion engineofor50human
maximum speed km/h power,
and having a maximum speed of 50 km/h
BACKGROUND
MICROMOBILITY BACKGROUND

USAGE

 Micromobility (e-scooters) is currently the

fastest-growing mode of transport in the
world.

 Electric scooters - mainstream part of daily

travel for people in 626 cities in 53 countries
 Sustainable urban mobility for first/last mile
connectivity
 Short distance travel to the community.
 Traffic safety issues
MICROMOBILITY BACKGROUND

FATALITIES RELATED TO MICROMOBILITY

Reported Fatalities Associated with Micromobility by Product

Type and Associated Hazards (2017–2019 Total) in United States

All E-Scooter
YEAR Hoverboard E-Bike
Micromobility (Dockless/rental)

2017 5 1 (0) 4 0

2018 10 5 (2) 0 5

2019 26 21 (7) 0 5

Total 41 27 (9) 4 10

Note: Reporting for 2017-2019 is going. Counts may change in future reports
Source: CPSRMS, NEISS, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2017 - 2019

https://qz.com/1793164/
MICROMOBILITY BACKGROUND
CRASHES AND CASUALTIES RELATED MICROMOBILITY
(BICYCLE)

Total Bicycle Involved In Crashes in Malaysia Total Casualties Involving Bicycle in Malaysia

Year Fatal Serious Minor Year Fatal Serious Minor

2019 171 49 45 2019 107 35 59
2018 183 55 54 2018 122 28 71
2017 195 60 63 2017 162 45 66
2016 166 76 93 2016 123 62 56
2015 150 72 91 2015 107 51 97
2014 197 101 133 2014 124 63 120
MICROMOBILITY BACKGROUND

FATALITIES RELATED TO MICROMOBILITY

Two senior citizens on electric bicycle killed in a crash with lorry

BATU PAHAT: Two senior citizens were killed when the electric bicycle they were riding collided with a
lorry at KM125, Jalan Johor Baru-Melaka, near here, yesterday.

"Preliminary investigation found that the accident occurred when the victim, Ho Hee Kiong, 66, riding
an electric bicycle with his unidentified friend had emerged out of Jalan Sena junction and were
headed towards Tanjong Laboh.

"The victim was believed to have knocked into the right side of a lorry on the main road from Batu
Pahat town to Tanjung Labuh," he said in a statement near here.

Ismail said the crash caused the two victims to be killed on the spot after sustaining severe head and
internal injuries, while the 56-year-old lorry driver was unhurt. "When the accident took place, the
weather was good, with it being a straight road.

"The case is being investigated under Section 41 (1) of the Road Transport Act 1987," he said.
He pointed out that the use of electric bicycles must comply with the law under Rule 42 LN 166/59
which carries a fine of not more than RM2,000 in the event an offence is committed.

Source:
nst.com.my. Two senior citizens on electric bicycle killed in crash with lorry. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
MICROMOBILITY BACKGROUND

MICROMOBILITY CRASHES

Study in Denmark, showed the rate of e-

scooter rider injuries was eight times higher
than for cyclists.

US study reportedly found that rates of head

injury were twice as high for e-scooter users
as for cyclists.
ON THE ROAD USAGE
OBSERVATION
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

MICROMOBILITY USAGE

MICROMOBILITY

Commercial Private

Service First / Last mile Leisure First / Last mile

Food delivery Short distance travel in Recreation activities Short distance travel from
the city, college campus, home to market, school;
neighbourhood transport hub to office
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

RENTAL SERVICE

Beam Tryke
Kuala Lumpur City Centre Cyberjaya, Shah Alam, UPM
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

RENTAL USAGE ON THE ROAD

MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

PRIVATE OWNER USAGE ON THE ROAD

MALAYSIAN SCENARIO
- MARKET SURVEY
 MICROMOBILITY DEVICES AVAILABLE IN MALAYSIA MARKET
CATEGORY MARKET PRICE SPECIFICATION CATEGORY MARKET PRICE SPECIFICATION
High Performance E-Scooter RM 5000 – RM 12000 Max Speed: 60-115 KM/H Segway RM 2000 – RM 6000 Max Speed: 16-18 KM/H
1. Startron Demon Product Weight: 35 - 48 kg 1. Ninebot Mini Pro Product Weight: 16 kg
2. Dualtron Ultra Max. Load: 150 Kg 2. Ninebot Mini Plus Max. Load: 100 Kg
3. ZERO 10X Max Distance: 50 - 90km Wheel Max Distance: 30 - 35km
4. INOKIM OXO Size: 10 - 11 Inch Diameter Wheel Size: 12 Inch Diameter
Monowheel Electric RM 1200 – RM 14000 Max Speed: 20-25 KM/H
Medium Performance E- RM 1000 – RM 4000 Max Speed: 15-45 KM/H
Scooter Product Weight: 25 kg
scooter Product Weight: 7 - 20 kg
Motorcycle Hoverboard Max. Load: 100 Kg
1. Zero 8 Max. Load: 100 - 120 Kg
Max Distance: 30-60 KM
2. Ninebot Segway Es2 Max Distance: 25 – 35 KM
Wheel Size: 17-18 Inch Diameter
3. Xiaomi Mijia M365 Wheel Size: 5.5-9.5 Inch Diameter
Electric Unicycle RM 2000 – RM 8000 Max Speed: 50 KM/H
E-scooter With Seat RM 2000 – RM 6000 Max Speed: 20-30 KM/H
1. Ninebot Z10 Product Weight: 16 kg
1. Star Pluto Product Weight: 14 - 19 kg
2. Kinsong King Ks-16x Max. Load: 150 Kg
2. Star Hopper Hybrid Max. Load: 120 Kg
3. Inmotion V10f Max Distance: 35 - 50km
3. Star Orbit Max Distance: 25 - 40km
4. Inmotion V8 Wheel Size: 16 Inch Diameter
Wheel Size: 12 Inch Diameter
Electric Hoverboard RM 200 – RM 3000 Max Speed: 20 KM/H
Segway RM 1200 – RM 14000 Max Speed: 20-22 KM/H
Product Weight: 15 kg
1. Ninebot Segway E+ Product Weight: 25 kg
Max. Load: 120 Kg
2. Ninebot-p Max. Load: 150 Kg
Max Distance: 15 KM
Max Distance: 25 KM
Wheel Size: 8 Inch Diameter
Wheel Size: 14-16 Inch Diameter
3 Wheel Electric Scooter RM 1500 – RM 6000 Max Speed: 30-35 KM/H Electric Scooter With RM 1200 – RM 14000 Max Speed: 30-60 KM/H
1. Ninebot Z10 Product Weight: 50 kg Child Seat Product Weight: 30 kg
2. Kinsong King Ks-16x Max. Load: 45 Kg Max. Load: 200 Kg
3. Inmotion V10f Max Distance: 30 - 35km Max Distance: 20-40 KM
4. Inmotion V8 Wheel Size: 9 Inch Diameter Wheel Size: 12 Inch Diameter
MALAYSIAN SCENARIO
- PUBLIC SURVEY
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

USAGE IN MALAYSIA

Ever use?

NO, RENT,
67, 36% YES, 58, 31%
OWN, 60, 33%
118, 64%
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA
TYPES OF MICROMOBILITY
DEVICE

5% 4%
11%
14%
4%

12%
19%

3%
28%
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

MICROMOBILTY USER DEMOGRAPHICS

Variables Details Variables Details

Mean 31.5 years-old [Range 13-67] Education 63% College/university
Age 33% Secondary school
2% Primary school
60% Male 2% Others
Gender 40% Female Employment Sector 33% Government sector
22% Self employed
License owned 22% Motorcycle; 21% Private sector
49.2% Motorcycle & car; 16% Student
22.9 % Car; 8% Not employed
5.9% No License
Mean 12.5 years, [Range 0-50]
Motorcycle riding
experience
60% <RM6,000.00
Income Distribution 29% RM3,001.00 – RM6,000.00
11% >RM6,000.00
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

MICROMOBILITY USE PURPOSE AND ROAD USED

PMD USE PURPOSE TYPE OF ROAD USED
unknown Urban Road
6% 3% Rural Road 8%

MULTI-
PURPOSE Housing Road
Multiple
29% 16%
RECREATION 33%
52%
SHOP
9%
WORK Recreation
7% Park 34%

SCHOOL
3% Base; N = 118
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA
MICROMOBILITY DEVICE USAGE MILEAGE AND
FREQUENCY
Travel Distance Daily Frequency of Use (Weekly)
RENT,
RENT, 64.4%
60 58.4% 60
Rent
50 OWNED, Own 50
41.6% OWN,
OWN,
40 35.6%
40 93.5%
OWNED,
79.3% 30 rent
30
own
20
20 RENT,
RENT,
20.7% 10 6.5%
10
0
0 </= 3 times a week > 3 times a week
</= 5 KM > 5 KM
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

MICROMOBILITY DEVICE MEAN TRAVEL SPEED (KM/H)

Average travel speed (Rented PMD) Average Speed Limit (Own PMD)
16 15 16
14
14 14 13
12
12 12

10 10
Frequency

Frequency
8
8 7 8 7
6
6 6

4 4
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1
0
0 0
0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50
Speed (km/h) Speed (km/h)
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

CRASH OCCURENCE LOCATION OF CRASH (N=10)

corner
17%
midblock
junction 47%
CRASH INVOLVEMENT 36%

TYPE OF INJURY AND DAMAGE (N=10)

NO YES SVA MVA
91% 9% 8% 1% minor injury No injury
and damage 40%
40%
minor
damage
20%

YES NO SVA MVA

MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

DEVICES OWNERSHIP INFORMATION

SOUND-MAKING DEVICE
ENGINE TYPE

NO both
PETROL ENGINE
none 9%
2% 15%
Honk
24% 45%
ELECTRIC bell
83% THROTTLE AVAILABILITY 22%

NO
39% YES
61%
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

DEVICES OWNERSHIP INFORMATION METHOD OF PURCHASING

Online
Shop 36%
52%
Gift
12%
PMD PURCHASED PRICE
16 15
14
12
12
10 PMD ORIGIN
10 9 50 46
8
8
6 40
6
4 30

2 20
0 8
10 4
< RM1000 > RM1000 - > RM1500 - >RM2000 >RM3000 NOT SURE
1 1
1499 1999
0
China Korea USA Italy unknown
MICROMOBILITY IN MALAYSIA

DEVICES OWNERSHIP INFORMATION WILLINGNESS OF PURCHASING NEW PMD

MAINTENANCE / SERVICING
Same as
Previous
Certified
24%
Service No Yes Different
Self Centre 31% 69% from
Service 33% Previous
52% 45%

Workshop
15%

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FIRE SAFETY STANDARD

Not
Sure
Not
Yes Sure Yes
3%
26% 4% 29%
No
NO 67%
71%
MICROMOBILITY
MANAGEMENT
MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT

INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM
MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020
REGULATION (CLASSIFICATION)

Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020

“micromobility vehicle” means any vehicle that is propelled by
electrical means, an internal-combustion engine or human power or
a combination of electrical means, an internal-combustion engine or
human power, and having a maximum speed of 50 km/h

Proposed Category
Bicycle and e-bike Moped Personal Mobility Personal Mobility
Device (PMD) Aid (PMA)
MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020

REGULATION (IMPORTATION)

Import Approval of Micromobility Vehicle

Year 2021
Category Year 2020
(15 May 2021)
Electric Bicycle 709 1582

Electric Scooter 22 81

Kick Scooter 880 500

Total 1611 2163

Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)
MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020
MICROMOBILITY AT URBAN SETTINGS
MICROMOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020
MICROMOBILITY AT URBAN SETTINGS
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Road Transport (Amendment) Act 2020

Micromobility usage on public road with mix traffic and high speed limit
is dangerous
Restrict usage of micromobility on the road
Pilot program for shared microbility service in urban settings
 How the world will look in 2022

"The Nightmare of Traffic Jams," "Will we go around town like this?" 41