Spiral model

The Spiral Model is a software development process model

that combines aspects of the waterfall model and iterative
development. It was proposed by Barry Boehm in 1986 and is
particularly well-suited for large, complex projects where
uncertainties and risks are high. The model is called the
"spiral" because it visually represents progress as a spiral
with cycles of planning, risk assessment, engineering, and
evaluation.

1. Phases:
1. Planning: The project's objectives, constraints, and
alternatives are defined at the outset. Risks are
identified and assessed during this phase.
2. Risk Analysis: In this phase, a detailed analysis of
identified risks is performed. Strategies are developed to
mitigate these risks, and plans for risk management are
established.
3. Engineering (Development and Testing): Actual
development and testing of the software occur in this
phase. The software is built incrementally in small,
functional prototypes. Each prototype represents a
portion of the final system.
 4. Evaluation:After each iteration, the project is evaluated.
This evaluation includes a review of the progress made,
the risks remaining, and the plans for the next iteration.
The project may proceed to the next spiral iteration or
move to the closure phase.

2. Characteristics:
 Iterative
 Risk-Driven
 Flexibility
 Customer Involvement
3. Advantages:
 Flexibility.
 Risk Management
 Customer Feedback
4. Disadvantages:
 Complexity
 Resource Intensive
 Time-Consuming