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Summer Internship Programme Final Report - Prashant Upadhya
Summer Internship Programme Final Report - Prashant Upadhya
Submitted To Submitted By
Dr. Deepeka Vashney Student Name: Prashant Upadhyay
Assistant/Associate Professor Roll No. 11203105132
I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility
to complete this report. Special thanks are for my Superior Mentor Dr. Deepika Vasney,
Assistant professor Ashutosh Singh, Alok Mohan whose help, stimulating suggestion and
encouragement helped me in all time of fabrication process and in writing this report. I also
sincerely thanks for the time spend proofreading and correcting my many of the mistakes.
I would also like to acknowledge with my appreciation the crucial role of the staff in
Operational field in the office, who gave me the environment and their knowledge about the
logistical work, and also the authorization of the necessary permissions to use and to command.
My Special thanks is for my manager Anuja Bharadwaj who supported with the never give up
attitude on me. She literally supported me with my work helped me with late night MIS reports.
I was also supported by my Senior Co-Worker Rahul Shivraj Soni, he was the backbone for
me. Many a times he covers my mistakes and supported me as his little brother.
Many thanks go for the lecturer and supervisor who have given their full effort in grooming
the team and achieving the goals as well their encouragement to completion of project. My
aggregate thanks go to all my classmate, especially to my friends for sharing their time in
helping and giving support which, I need to fabricate my project.
DECLARAATION
I PRASHANT UPADHYAY, S/o MR. ANIL UPADHYAY, ID No. 321047 Roll No.
211203105132 a bonafide student of B.B.A. in GNIOT Institute of Professional
Studies, Greater Noida, would like to declare that the class project entitled
OPERATIONS MANAGEMEMT submitted by me in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR IN BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION is my original work.
Preface
Acknowledgement
Internship Certificate
Institute Certificate
Student Declaration
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Theoretical Background………………………………………………………………………...
a) Industry profile…...........…………. …..………………………………………………….
b) Literature Review……….……………...………………………………………………….
3. Research Methodology…....................................…….……………………………………….
a) Objective of study...............................................................................................................
b) Scope of work.....................................................................................................................
c) Period of study....................................................................................................................
d) Data Collection....................................................................................................................
e) Sample Area & Size ..............................................................................................................
f) Sampling Technique............................................................................................................
g) Tools of Analysis................................................................................................................
4. Data Analysis............................................................................................................................
5. Findings....................................................................................................................................
6. Conclusion...............................................................................................................................
7. Recommendations and Suggestions………………………………………………… …...
8. References...............................................................................................................................
introduCtion
Operation management is concerned with designing and controlling the production of goods
or services, ensuring that businesses are efficient in using resources to meet customer
requirement
It is concerned with managing an entire production or service system that converts inputs (in
the forms of raw materials, labour, consumers, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods
and/or services for consumers). Operation management covers sectors like banking systems,
hospitals, companies, working with suppliers, customers, and using technology. Operations is
one of the major functions in an organization along with supply chains, marketing, finance and
human resources. The operations function requires management of both the strategic and day-
to-day production of goods and services.
In managing manufacturing or service operations several types of decisions are made including
operations strategy, product design, process design, quality management, capacity, facilities
planning, production planning and inventory control. Each of these requires an ability to
analyse the current situation and find better solutions to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of manufacturing or service operations.
The industrial revolution was facilitated by two elements: interchangeability of parts and
division of labour. Division of labour has been a feature from the beginning of civilization, the
extent to which the division is carried out varied considerably depending on period and
location. Compared to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery were
characterized by a greater specialization in labour, which was a characteristic of the growing
cities and trade networks of Europe. An important leap in manufacturing efficiency came in the
late eighteenth century as Eli Whitney popularized the concept of interchangeability of parts when
he manufactured 10,000 muskets. Up to this point in the history of manufacturing, each product
(e.g., each musket) was considered a special order, meaning that parts of a given musket were
fitted only for that particular musket and could not be used in other muskets. Interchangeability
of parts allowed the mass production of parts independent of the final products in which they
would be used. An entire new market to fill the need for the sale and manufacturing of muskets
began at this time.
Report about company’s performance must be understable and accurate. Generally, Operation
provides a common set of working tools and a standard format for public companies to use
when they prepare their internal report. This standardization also makes it easier to compare
the overall performance of employee working there.
Inside report of every employee is mandatory for evaluation of their overall performance.
Corporation need this report to decide either the working hands are enough or they need more
of it. This report also helps them to decide their working model and for employee appraisal.
Operations management is concerned with ensuring that the company’s operations are efficient
and effective and that they meet the customers’ needs. It is also responsible for ensuring that
the company’s products and services are delivered on time and within budget.
Operations management is vital in ensuring that a company’s operations are aligned with its
strategic objectives. It helps to ensure that the company uses its resources in the most efficient
way possible and responds quickly to changes in demand.
Logistics operation is an essential aspect of the supply chain of any eCommerce brand today.
These operations impart a business's ability to meet the demands of their customers and drive
future sales for the running of the business.
Through strategic planning and development, businesses can optimize logistic operations and
management with the help of advanced technology and software. There are also vital and
practicable processes that a business can incorporate into its logistical function to have a
competitive advantage in the market.
For many businesses, logistical functions include inventory management, order fulfilment,
inbound and outbound transportation management, project management, material handling,
warehousing, and third-party logistics management. Because businesses are focused on
delivering quality goods and services to their customers, logistical operations play an essential
role in determining the success of an eCommerce business in the long run.
Furthermore, the size of a business can determines how the logistical process is handled.
Therefore, for small and medium-sized companies that manage their logistics process
themselves, there are crucial aspects they need to focus on to create an optimized operations
system.
Berger Paint Supply Chain Solution is the single stop solution for all the logistical kinds of
problem. The objective of this company is to serve the customers with the best solution and
experience for directing their goods to right spot. They work with vendors with a good grab on
their trucking business. Since, they have large client base in logistical services they are
experiencing a boom in expansion of their branch.
Berger Paint Supply Chain Solutions Pvt. Ltd. are a market leader in the Logistics and Supply
Chain industry with specialization in 3PL logistics, International Freight Forwarding and
Customs Clearance both in the Domestic and International segment. We combine a process-
driven approach with action to deliver measurable business value to make our clients more
efficient.
Organization Mission
To become the world’s preferred supply chain logistics company- applying insight, service
quality, and inclusion to create sustainable growth for business and society.
Organization Vision
At Berger Paint, we combine a process driven approach with action to deliver measurable
business value to make your business more efficient.
Team Structure
Operations-
o Traffic
o Service Specialist
Sales-
o Field Sales
o Inside Sales
o Sales Coordination
Specialization: 3PL
A 3PL (third-party logistics) provider offers outsourced logistics services, which encompass
anything that involves management of one or more facets of procurement and fulfillment
activities. In business, 3PL has a broad meaning that applies to any service contract that
involves storing or shipping items. A 3PL service may be a single provider, such as
transportation or warehouse storage, or it can be a systemwide bundle of services capable of
handling supply chain management.
The primary benefit of using a 3PL service to handle logistics, such as packaging, warehousing,
fulfilment and distribution, is cost savings -- for example, not having to maintain a warehouse
or the staff to monitor supply chain operations.
A 3PL service likely offers better performance on efforts such as shipping while also enjoying
an easier ability to scale its operations. If the publishing company in the example above
suddenly needs to ship more copies of a popular title, a fulfilment centre will have an easier
time meeting that demand than if the publisher itself had to ship additional copies of the book.
Services
➢ Contract Logistics:
Berger Paint SCS has expertise in all kind of contract logistics such as warehousing,
transporting and distributing goods, processing orders, supply chain planning, customer
service support, etc.
➢ Freight:
Surface Services: Our Specializations are –
Air Services:
Berger Paint is a committed to provide Air Transport services on a domestic level at
highest standard of safety, security & on time delivery. We specialized in taking best
care of cargo right from the time of shipping of the consignment till the time of final
delivery.
The Air Transport service of Berger Paint includes:
• Hand-Carry Services
Ocean Services:
We offer Freight Forwarding Services through our channel partner which includes
Import & Export shipments. We offer competitive prices on Air Freight, Sea Freight for
LCL / FCL Cargo, Break Bulk or Over dimensions cargo.
Our time bound services is designed to meet your just-in-time requirements.
• Break-Bulk/Out-of-Gauge
• Consolidation Services
• Deconsolidation Services
• Full Container Load (FCL)
• Less than Container Load (LCL)
• Temperature-Controlled
Rail Services:
The supply chain and logistic service of Berger Paint is not just limited to roadways as
we also have major expertise in delivering your precious goods via rail from major to
trunk lines. We ensure safe and proper handling of SLR & VPU or Break-bulk facilities
as per your requirement and on a cost-effective price. We manage major load from pan
India and take pride of a strong network.
Our highly efficient and cost-effective train carriage service include the following
services:
• Door-to-Door
• Railway Station-to-Railway Station
• Door-to-Railway Station
• Railway Station-to-Door
➢ Warehousing:
Shared Warehouses for different industry verticals
• Dedicated & customized warehousing solutions
• In plant stores management, line feeding
• Distribution center, JIT services
• Value added services including stock planning
• Custom bonded, excise bonded operations
• Documentation, system support
• Inventory Management Solution
• Product Delivery
• Seamless Integration
• Holistic Storage Facilities
➢ Customs Brokerage:
We offer:
• Online Customs Processing
• Remote Location Filing
• Import & Export Clearance & Documentation
• Wheels-Up Clearance
• Classification
• Duty Drawback
Function and working model of Logrpo Supply Chain Solution
Berger Paint Supply-chain Solution is a cross-functional approach that includes managing the
movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of
materials into finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and
toward the end consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and become
more flexible, they reduce ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These
functions are increasingly being outsourced to other firms that can perform the activities better
or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in
satisfying customer demand, while reducing managerial control of daily logistics operations.
Less control and more supply-chain partners lead to the creation of the concept of supply-chain
management. The purpose of supply-chain management is to improve trust and collaboration
among supply-chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and the velocity of inventory
movement. In this section, we have to communicate with all the vendors and suppliers, make
some comparisons, and after that, we have to place the order.
In the study of supply-chain management, the concept of centroids has become a useful
economic consideration. In mathematics and physics, a centroid is the arithmetic
mean position of all the points in a plane figure. For supply chain management, a centroid is a
location with a high proportion of a country's population and a high proportion of its
manufacturing, generally within 500 mi (805 km). In the US, two major supply chain centroids
have been defined, one near Dayton, Ohio, and a second near Riverside, California.
The centroid near Dayton is particularly important because it is closest to the population center
of the US and Canada. Dayton is within 500 miles of 60% of the US population and
manufacturing capacity, as well as 60% of Canada's population. The region includes the
interchange between I-70 and I-75, one of the busiest in the nation, with 154,000 vehicles
passing through per day, of which 30–35% are trucks hauling goods. In addition, the I-75
corridor is home to the busiest north–south rail route east of the Mississippi River.
A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and
technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. A supply chain encompasses
everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer through
to its eventual delivery to the end user. The supply chain segment involved with getting the
finished product from the manufacturer to the consumer is known as the distribution channel.
Berger Paint managed to source directly 80% profit its stock; this has greatly eliminated the
intermediaries and cut down the costs between 5-15%, as markups that are introduced by these
middlemen in the supply chain are cut. This saves approximately $4–15 billion. This strategy
of direct sourcing not only helped Berger Paint in reducing the costs in the supply chain but
also helped in the improvement of supply chain activities through boosting efficiency
throughout the entire process. In other words, direct sourcing reduced the time that takes the
company to source and stocks the products in its stock. The presence of the intermediaries
elongated the time in the process of procurement, which sometimes led to delays in the supply
of the commodities in the stores, thus, customers finding empty shelves. Berger Paint adopted
this strategy of sourcing through centralizing the entire process of procurement and sourcing
by setting up four global merchandising points for general goods and clothing. The company
instructed all the suppliers to bring their products to these central points that are located in
different markets. The procurement team assesses the quality brought by the suppliers, buys
the goods, and distributes them to various regional markets. The procurement and sourcing at
centralized places helped the company to consolidate the suppliers.
Establishment of Logistics
The company has established four centralized points, including an office in Mexico City and
Canada. Just a mere piloting test on combining the purchase of fresh apples across the United
States, Mexico, and Canada led to the savings of about 10%. As a result, the company intended
to increase centralization of its procurement in North America for all its fresh fruits and
vegetables. Thus, centralization of the procurement process to various points where the
suppliers would be meeting with the procurement team is the latest strategy which the company
is implementing, and signs show that this strategy is going to cut costs and also improve the
efficiency of the procurement process.
Strategic vendor partnerships are another strategy the company is using in the sourcing process.
Berger Paint realized that in order for it to ensure consistency in the quality of the products it
offers to the consumers and also maintain a steady supply of goods in its stores at a lower cost,
it had to create strategic vendor partnerships with the suppliers. Berger Paint identified and
selected the suppliers who met its demand and at the same time offered it the best prices for
the goods. It then made a strategic relationship with these vendors by offering and assuring the
long-term and high volume of purchases in exchange for the lowest possible prices. Thus, the
company has managed to source its products from same suppliers as bulks, but at lower prices.
This enables the company to offer competitive prices for its products in its stores, hence,
maintaining a competitive advantage over its competitors whose goods are a more expensive
in comparison.
Cross-docking is another strategy that Berger Paint is using to cut costs in its supply chain.
Cross-docking is the process of transferring goods directly from inbound trucks to outbound
trucks. When the trucks from the suppliers arrive at the distribution centers, most of the trucks
are not offloaded to keep the goods in the distribution centers or warehouses; they are
transferred directly to another truck designated to deliver goods to specific retail stores for sale.
Cross-docking helps in saving the storage costs. Initially, the company was incurring
considerable costs of storing the goods from the suppliers in its warehouses and the
distributions centers to await the distribution trucks to the retail stores in various regions.
Beyond design and maintenance of a supply chain itself, supply chain professionals participate
in aspects of business that have a bearing on supply chains, such as sales forecasting, quality
management, strategy development, customer service, and systems analysis. Production of a
good may evolve over time, rendering an existing supply chain design obsolete. Supply chain
professionals need to be aware of changes in production and business climate that affect supply
chains and create alternative supply chains as the need arises.
Supply chain consultants may provide expert knowledge in order to assess the productivity of
a supply-chain and, ideally, to enhance its productivity. Supply chain consulting involves the
transfer of knowledge on how to exploit existing assets through improved coordination and can
hence be a source of competitive advantage: the role of the consultant is to help management
by adding value to the whole process through the various sectors from the ordering of the raw
materials to the final product. In this regard, firms may either build internal teams of
consultants to tackle the issue or engage external ones: companies choose between these two
approaches taking into consideration various factors.
The use of external consultants is a common practice among companies. The whole consulting
process generally involves the analysis of the entire supply-chain process, including the
countermeasures or correctives to take to achieve a better overall performance.
Additive manufacturing
The potential of additive manufacturing is particularly high in the production of spare parts,
since its introduction can reduce warehousing costs of slowly rotating spare parts. Digitizing
technology bears the potential to completely disrupt and restructure supply chains and enhance
existing production routes.
Blockchain
In comparison, research on the influence of blockchain technology on the supply chain is still
in its early stages. The conceptual literature has argued for a considerably long time that the
highest performance efficacy is expected in the potential for automatic contract
creation. Empirical evidence contradicts this hypothesis: the highest potential is expected in
the arenas of verified customer reviews and certifications of product quality and standards. In
addition, traditional supply chain has many drawbacks such as lack of transparency and trust,
and some of them can be solved by blockchain technology. The technological features of
blockchains support transparency and traceability of information, as well as high levels of
reliability and immutability of records. That helps traditional supply chain management to be
more efficient and reliable.
Many aspects of the supply chain can affect the smooth running of logistics operations which
makes improving the logistics operations of any company essential. In addition, logistics
operations can be time and resource-tasking for companies who single-handedly handle that
aspect of their business.
Rather than optimizing your logistics operations by yourself, Easy ship can handle order
fulfilment for your business. In addition, easy ship gives you a competitive advantage with
integrated software and features, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your business and
satisfy your customers better.
• Free Shipping Rates Calculator: Access high-volume discounts from major couriers.
Plus, get instant access to delivery lead times from premium shipping couriers
• Global Fulfilment: Easy ship has warehouse partners on four continents to reach your
customers worldwide. Plus, Easy ship helps scale up fulfilment capabilities without
increasing overhead costs
• Shipping Policy Generator: Our shipping policy generator helps merchants and
crowdfunding campaigns generate their shipping policy by providing tracking and
insurance options, plus other vital information for your shipping process.
How to optimize your warehouse shopping experience? This is the only point
where every new vendor and merchant faces difficulties.
For instance, automated warehouse software, a suitable shipping courier, and warehouse
management software are some steps you can take to get one step closer to your goal. We’ll
cover everything you need to know about creating an optimized warehouse shipping procedure
so that you can save time and improve efficiency for your business.
What Are Warehouse Shipping Procedures?
Warehouse shipping operations refer to the processes involved in transporting items from a
warehouse to their final destination. Your warehouse shipping procedure falls into small parcel
shipping or freight shipping.
Generally, you’re warehouse shipping procedure involves steps such as the following:
• Order receiving
• Order processing
• Order fulfilment
• Order shipping
We’ll give a more detailed overview of shipping operations so that you can understand the
entire process of shipping and order fulfilment for your business.
You’ll need to understand the step-by-step process of warehouse shipping to create an optimal
shipping process for your customers (without human error). Shipping warehouse operations go
beyond just placing an order and arriving at a customer’s doorstep. This fact alone is why it’s
vital to understand picking, packing, and shipping orders for your business.
1. Order receiving
This warehouse shipping process involves orders being received in a warehouse. More
specifically, this step consists in accepting and virtually logging orders so that they can move
on to the next stage.
In the order receiving stage, this step also involves ensuring enough product in stock so the
order can move on to the next step. Merchants can improve efficiency by using inventory
management software (IMS) to save time and improve the accuracy of order receiving.
2. Order processing
Following order receiving, you can move on to the order processing step. This specific step
involves verifying the customer’s information, such as their address, to ensure the accuracy of
the order.
Utilizing an automated order processing system can help improve the efficiency of your
shipping operations. This type of shipping software allows merchants to verify order
information and data to process orders quickly.
3. Order fulfilment
Following the order receiving and processing steps, the order fulfilment step is next. Order
fulfilment deals with warehouse employees picking and packing orders for shipping. A
warehouse employee uses a pick list of items for a specific order in this step. This slip contains
information about the order, the quantity, and where to find the item in the warehouse. After
the warehouse employee “picks” the item, they “pack” the item in the “packing” area so that
the order can be shipped.
4. Order shipping
This step is the final stage of your warehouse shipping procedures. The order shipping process
involves sending and shipping out customer orders to their final destination.
In this stage, shipping labels are also generated and placed on a shipment box before it’s sent
out. Then, your chosen shipping courier will pick up your orders and transport them to their
recipient. Merchants also receive tracking information as soon as it’s in transit.
• Easy ships Shipping Rates Calculator: Access high-volume discounts from major
couriers. Plus, get instant access to delivery lead times from premium shipping couriers
• Global Fulfilment: Easy ships have warehouse partners on four continents so that you
can reach your customers all across the world. Plus, Easy ships helps scale up fulfilment
capabilities without increasing overhead costs
• Duties & Tax Visibility: Easy ships works out all duties and taxes for your international
shipments so you can handle your international orders with ease. Calculate your duties
for overseas shipments here.
literature review
In the mid-1990s, the term "supply chain management" gained currency when a flurry of
articles and books came out on the subject. Supply chains were originally defined as
encompassing all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from raw
materials through to the end user or final consumer, as well as the associated information flows.
Mentzer et al. consider it worthy of note that the final consumer was included within these
early definitions. Supply-chain management was then further defined as the integration of
supply chain activities through improved supply-chain relationships to achieve a competitive
advantage.
In the late 1990s, "supply-chain management" (SCM) rose to prominence, and operations
managers began to use it in their titles with increasing regularity. A supply chain, as opposed
to supply-chain management, is a set of firms who move materials "forward", or a set of
organizations, directly linked by one or more upstream and downstream flows of products,
services, finances, or information from a source to a customer. Supply-chain management is
the management of such a chain.
Supply chain visibility, in its origins, was concerned with knowledge of the location/production
stage and expected delivery date of incoming products and materials, so that production could
be planned, but the development of the term has enabled it to be used to plan orders using
knowledge of potential supplies, and to track post-production processes as far as delivery to
customers.
In some cases, a supply chain includes the collection of goods after consumer use for recycling
or the reverse logistics processes for returning faulty or unwanted products back to producers
up the value chain.
facility. eCommerce warehousing is storing and managing inventories of physical goods before
they are sold online. Plus, eCommerce warehousing refers to all the activities involved in safely
➢ Time of arrival
Regardless of the size of your business, warehousing dramatically affects your business's
operations and management. Below are the benefits of warehousing: Ship to your customers
faster Merchants can reach their customers faster when choosing a warehouse location closest
to their customer base. When merchants choose a strategic place to store their items, merchants
The organization of both incoming and outgoing products prevents mix-ups while delivering
deliver the orders just the way the customer wanted it. Warehousing, which involves inventory
management, ensures products are arranged and stock levels are in order.
Managing inventories, sorting, packaging, and transporting products becomes an easy task in
While eCommerce warehousing solves these tasks efficiently, online businesses can monitor
the processes and performances. Plus, merchants can use the data provided to grow and make
Forty percent of customers wish to deliver their products within two days with fast shipping,
while 18% want next-day delivery. Therefore, customer satisfaction depends majorly on
consistent, timely delivery. Plus, organized eCommerce warehouses result in timely and
Leveraging on best practices for eCommerce warehousing will provide the ideal solution to the
exponential growth of your business. Here, we'll give you all the tips and tricks of inventory
storage ideas. That way you can meet your goal of customer retention and satisfaction.
However, most people determine the storage space needed for storing products and cartons
only and forget other activities in the warehouse. These activities include:
4. Space for returns and dead stock: Extra storage space for goods returned by customers
or goods that couldn't be delivered.
Use the right warehouse management software
1. Inbound receiving and inventory control: The WMS controls the processes in
workflows.
KPI is a measurable result that effectively quantifies how a business achieves its key
4. Easy API integration: WMS can be integrated within the Application Programming
5. Scale your business globally: WMS integrated with APIs have the ability to scale your
business globally. Plus, it has the potential of reaching international customers all over
the world.
The integration with API allows KPIs to share business data seamlessly and globally. It opens
Systems that need to be integrated with APIs to create opportunities for scaling your business
3. Accounting system
Define KPIs for setting up your warehouse management system.
Setting up a warehouse is a vast task, but converting sales is a step higher. Key Performance
Indicators that measure the goal achievement process help identify customer reviews and
Depending on the goal of the merchant, there are KPIs for an optimal warehouse management
1. Inventory turnover: The number of times a company sells and replaces its stock
2. Rate of returns: This refers to the frequency that customers return their online
orders. The eCommerce return rate also highly impacts customer satisfaction and
revenue
3. Order lead time: The duration used to complete an order, from packing and shipping
in customers' orders, and a better inventory management system. The organizational system
involves picking, packing, taking inventory, labelling, transporting, and tracking packages until
Distributing your inventory across multiple warehouses across the globe reduces transportation
or shipping costs. As customers place orders, they will be redirected automatically to the
nearest distribution centre or warehouse to the customer. This strategy will secure faster and
Determining the right amount of product to order and stock is challenging. Ordering too many
products than needed and stocking insufficient amounts of products affect the business and
customer's experience.
The smart move to implement is setting a mandatory inventory minimum. Also, an efficient
warehouse management software will notify the businesses once the stock reaches a specific
threshold.
Connecting your warehouse with a reliable shipping platform can help scale your business
globally. Other vital benefits include space to store your inventory, more staff to manage
packaging and orders, and lowering storage costs. In addition, external shipping platforms
Nothing beats reliability in this case. Networking with reliable shipping platforms adds more
value to your brand and generates more traffic through professional methods and campaigns.
Test different methods to pick the right one
Practice makes perfect; choosing the right warehousing strategy takes time. This is because
you have to test each of these strategies to know which best fit your policy and method.
Implementing a trial-and-error pattern helps choose from the wide range of warehousing
strategies.
Applying the right eCommerce warehousing strategy can be challenging. This is why choosing
the most efficient warehousing strategy is necessary for your business to improve scale, profits,
and traffic.
However, choosing and implementing the most efficient warehousing strategy requires
Easy ship warehousing and fulfilment team offer 24/7 support and insight. In addition, you can
also have access to the following perks when you hire the Easy ship Warehousing team:
• Reduced logistics costs: Discounted shipping rates and global warehouse locations
• More happy customers: Shorter delivery times ensure the best customer experience.
• Scale your business globally: Scale up your order fulfilment capabilities without
increase in revenue in subsequent years. That’s why eCommerce businesses can cash in on the
If you are running an eCommerce business, you should be aware of the importance of
warehousing and its management. If you effectively streamline this process, it'll give you
Today, cloud computing and back-end administrative software have made this possible. A
warehousing management software (WMS) can help you easily understand stock
management and warehousing, providing guidelines of what needs to be documented for all
• Administer inventory
• Transportation of goods
• Auditing
• Distribution process
• Picking process
There are many types of WMS available according to the needs and size of the company. If
you are using a third-party logistics company, you may be given access to a WMS to manage
To make a good impression in eCommerce, customers demand faster processing and timely
shipments. Small to medium eCommerce businesses that have access to a good WMS system
will be able to handle the influx of these orders and fulfill them accurately, which is
especially important for cross-border clients.
If you want to sell to large retailers, you will need to automate your warehousing and
logistics to coordinate with them. Most of the large-scale retailers use Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) so it's making sure that your WMS can be integrated with this.
Last but not least, make sure that your warehouse staff is trained (or can be trained) on
whichever system you choose!
Types of WMS
WMS can be categorized into three main categories, according to their functionality and
operation.
Standalone WMS
These systems are mainly focused on the warehouse management process. You won't find
any supply chain functions or transportation features, though some may offer very basic
transportation management tools. You can incorporate this type with an existing solution you
have, or future ones.
Supply Chain Modules
This type of system is actually a combination of the supply chain system and warehouse
management system. You can invest in an extended supply chain system that also offers
WMS as one of its features. Incorporating the WMS with other systems ensures the
communication and transfer of data within different departments and functions are easy. This
increases the efficiency of your business.
A robust, digital warehouse management system is essential for any business with on-hand
inventory – and can help save money and gain new efficiencies in many areas. The top five
benefits of a WMS system are:
➢ Reduced waste and costs: If you have date-restricted or perishable stock, WMS
software can identify which items need to be picked first, or which might need a sales
push, to minimise waste. It can also help you determine the most effective use of
warehouse space, from inventory placement to optimal travel paths. Some systems offer
advanced simulations to create floor plans and place pallets, shelves, and equipment in
the best locations to run at peak efficiency and save time and money.
Objective of study
1. Identify customer needs and wants: The first step is to understand what customers
want and need from the products or services offered by the company. This can be done
through market research, surveys, focus groups, etc.
1. Functionality — Functionality reflects how well your products meet the specific
customer’s needs.
3. Convenience — This aspect demonstrates how much effort your customers need
to put in to make your product fulfill their needs.
4. Experience — If your customers run into problems while using your product, they
might be reluctant to ever buy your product again.
5. Design — Your product has to be sleek and practical to leave an excellent
impression on your buyers.
6. Reliability — The product’s functionality needs to match the advertising material
to provide excellent customer experience.
7. Performance — Your product has to work adequately to help your client reach
their goal successfully.
8. Efficiency — Your product mustn’t prove time-consuming for your customers, or
it will result in low customer satisfaction.
9. Compatibility — Compatibility reflects how well your product performs
alongside other products your loyal customer already owns.
2. Develop products or services that meet customer needs: Once customers’ needs are
understood, the next step is to develop products or services that meet those needs. This
includes designing products or services that are safe, reliable, and efficient.
3. Select the right mix of products or services: Once the products or services are
developed, the company must decide which ones to offer to customers. This decision is
based on several factors, such as market demand, production capacity, cost, etc.
4. Continuously improve product or service offerings: Even after products or services
are launched, it is important to continuously improve them based on feedback from
customers and other stakeholders. This helps ensure that the company remains
competitive and offers high-quality products or services.
Materials Handling
The primary objective of materials handling is to move materials from one location to another
efficiently and effectively. Other objectives of materials handling include:
Capacity Planning
The main objective of capacity planning is to ensure that the company has the necessary
resources to meet customer demand. This involves ensuring enough capacity to produce the
required products or services and that this capacity is available when needed.
To achieve this, capacity planning must consider several factors, such as customer demand,
product mix, production rates and lead times. It must also consider the availability of raw
materials, equipment and labour. Considering all of these factors, it is possible to develop a
plan to ensure the company has the necessary resources to meet customer demand.
Above discussed point was just the outbound, to get more of it lets dive into a detailed thesis.
Customer Demographics
No marketing campaign can begin without thorough market research. Some of the most
valuable metrics for any marketer are customer demographics, so that is the first thing you
should focus your attention on. These help you better understand what kind of people you are
targeting, making it easier to adapt your strategy accordingly. Here are some of the factors you
will find invaluable on your journey:
• Location
• Gender
• Age
• Interests
• Occupation
Customer Feedback
We’ve already mentioned this point before, but it’s worth repeating. You must keep tabs on
customer feedback using feedback collection tools to track their satisfaction if you wish to keep
growing your business. Dissatisfied customers are a slippery slope that can quickly lead to your
demise. There are a few points, in particular, you should research:
• What they think of your products.
• What their opinion on your customer service is.
• If they like any of your competitors better.
Depending on the results, you can focus on improving the necessary aspects of your business.
Many similarities do exist, however, among the various key demographics in your target
market. Target identifiers such as profession and professional level of income; where they
live; any hobbies or recreational activities; and age, as well as gender and orientation, all
inform a business as to which characteristics are shared, and which characteristics marketers
should appeal to.
Some customers prefer to do their research online and then they purchase online, as well.
Others will research and choose their products, but will prefer to buy them in brick-and-
mortar stores. Still, others want to shop the old-fashioned way and do everything in the store.
This is also when there is potential for establishing how they shop, as to whether it is a spur-
of-the-moment, impulse purchase or is a purchasing decision that has resulted from a
measured, cautious decision. Studying these patterns will enable businesses to know how to
lay out their stores, both virtual as well as brick-and-mortar stores.
shop, will inform you as to why customers buy the products they buy. A customer’s
motivation to buy certain products is based on several possible factors: Do customers Favor
particular brands over generic counterparts? Do they watch their money very, very carefully?
Do they make choices based on impulsive or emotional needs, such as buying to keep up with
away with what isn’t as cost efficient. Maximizing the number of things offered that suit what
Customers speak with their dollars but they also speak loudly on social media and in person.
As tough as it can sometimes be to hear critiques of the goods or services you offer, it is
invaluable information that no marketing strategy can give you. It’s also important to find
out what people think of your competitors' offerings because you may be able to take
Knowing what a customer wants is now more important than ever, because there's more
competition in the marketplace. Some 50 years ago, the only real competition was from shops
in the same zip code, but consumers now can purchase what they need from nearly anywhere
in the world. Consumers now are less loyal and more discerning than in the past. Staying on
top of what customers are asking for and anticipating what they haven't actually stated as a
Marketing a business's products and services is no easy task. However, by paying particular attention
to customer characteristics, small-business owners can shape their marketing and promotion
strategies to meet the wants and needs of their potential and current clients.
Demographics
Demographics are the basic building blocks of marketing. You will often hear demographics
of your customers. Demographics include traits such as age, gender, race and ethnicity,
profession, income level, education level and marital status. All of these characteristics can
be grouped so that your business targets its marketing to women between the ages of 25 and
35 or professionals earning more than $50,000 per year. In other words, demographics are
useful ways to categorize your customers and potential customers based on their lifestyle and
innate characteristics.
Psychographics
personalities, values and interests. These factors all influence the loyalty customers will show
to your business. Brand loyalty is important for small-business owners, because those
businesses often are competing against larger, more-efficient companies for the same
customers. If you are able to identify the characteristics that motivate people to want to buy
from your company, you are on the right path to retaining these customers in the long haul.
Behavioural Analysis
Closely related to psychographics, behavioural analysis can be used in marketing to seek out
the likelihood of developing strong relationships with your potential customers. The
questions that you should seek to ask here include: Why would the customer buy from me as
opposed to my competitor? What are the attitudes of my current customers? Are the costs of
my products in line with consumer expectations? The answers to these questions will help
Linguistics
Finally, an important task in marketing for small businesses is being able to speak the
"language" of your customers. The way that customers communicate varies depending on
age, gender, ethnicity, level of education and spending power. Small businesses that want to
be successful in engaging with customers are able to target their marketing messages in a
Much of running a small business is a gamble, buoyed by boldness, intuition and guts. But
wise business leaders also conduct formal and informal research to inform their business
decisions. Good research starts with a good hypothesis, which is simply a statement making
flexible work hours to your employees, you might hypothesize that this policy change will
positively affect their productivity and contribute to your bottom line. The ultimate job of the
Scope of Work
The operation Management trainee role is mainly to implement the right processes and
practices across the organization. The specific duties of an operations Management trainee
include formulating strategy, improving performance, procuring material and resources and
securing compliance.
An operations management trainee oversees and manages various aspects of the production
production timeline, from input to finished product or service. One of the primary roles of
profitability. Additionally, they analyse and improve operational processes, identifying areas
improvement, they provide leadership and guidance to the operations team, fostering a positive
Operation Responsibilities:
➢ Help promote a company culture that encourages top performance and high morale.
regulations.
➢ Work with the board of directors to determine values and mission, and plan for short and
long-term goals.
Operations Requirements:
• Understanding of general finance and budgeting, including profit and loss, balance sheet,
• Ability to build consensus and relationships among managers, partners, and employees.
Period of study
The internship program was a truly rewarding experience. I encountered with real life HR
activities and received the opportunity to perform in those activities. My knowledge of HR was
helpful to add new perspective while we gathered for department meetings. I am witnessing
the execution of all the HR functions in real life however I only had the theoretical knowledge
about them which answered many "whys" of mine. It was commendable to see how
wholeheartedly they welcomed, acknowledged, and appreciated new ideas and knowledge. I
also attempted to gather more information on basic job functions of other departments to have
The company offered a friendly and cooperative environment. Everyone in the HRD was
occupied with their own routine work which I believe limited my learning possibilities.
However, this internship has helped me to bridge the gap bet real life practice. My primary
objective was to observe, evaluate and compare the relationship between the knowledge that I
have gained in my BBA and workplace. This internship till date has certainly helped me learn
how tasks are performed in a workplace. However, some of the practices of the HR department
As proverb goes, "a book cannot be judged by its cover", it is difficult to tell where an
organization stands just by looking at its physical infrastructure unless you get into it. And
this experience has given me a rare opportunity to take a closer look at a workplace and
understand the differences between the classroom knowledge and real corporate world.
Naturally, in a country like ours, we certainly have a big gap between the bookish knowledge
and the one earned from experience. It is extremely difficult for those to understand the real
Our curriculum has provided us with an extremely relevant academic knowledge. All the
academic learning may have not been applied in practice, I could still see the need of its
implementation and how it could bring about positive changes to the HR department.
Organizational Behaviour
Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people,
terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its
My previous work experiences had prepared me well to fit in an organization and understand
their organizational cultures. So, I was prepared and started performing the very day I joined
as it didn’t take me too long to understand my responsibilities. I was impressed by the nice,
welcoming ambience and even more with the friendly behaviour of the coordinators which
environment. They explained and fully assisted me to learn the different systems of the
recording information of the employees. They were very patient with me; I needed to improvise
because of which I made almost mistakes at all. The HR Development and Training Manager
was very motivating and appreciative. My ideas, efforts and work were always acknowledged
STRENGTHS:
The strengths of a company are the most important building blocks required for growth to take
place. The following are a few of the most prevalent strengths that Berger Paint has at the
present time.
Operation: Their working environment enhances and the business module of company
remains very strong. Berger Paint recruits talented candidates from the market through proper
testing- written and interview.The written part contains questionnaires that are of IBA standard
Work environment: During my stay I found the work environment very satisfactory. Everyone
is cordial and helpful and cooperative. There is less internal conflict or politics at play which
Transparency: For clear communication to the employees of the HR Practice in Berger Paint,
they have a service rule book which they give to every employee. The guide articulates
important and covers all HR Practice followed by the organization. This is veryhelpful both for
the employees and the employer as it removes chances of misinterpretation, bias etc.
Training and development system is a prime reason of their success: Berger Paint SCS Pvt
Ltd gives regular training to the officer of both middle and lower levels. Again, if there is any
strategy or technology change, there will be special training program arranged based on
individual needs. They arrange special training on their software also which they use in the
office to operate their system, which eventually becomes beneficial not only for the employee
but also for the organization, because if they do not know the exact procedure of carrying out
work in their system then that might affect them both the employee end into making mistake,
and as a result the reputation of the organization also might get hampered.
WEAKNESS:
Though Alliance Capital Asset Management Ltd is a company that has many strengths but it
also has some weakness. The followings are few of the most common weakness that Alliance
Capital has at the present time:
Leaves Formulation
OPPORTUNITY:
Recruitment:
Most recruitment in here is through internal recruitment, they can spread the pool of entry
level employees through campus recruitment.
Expanded market:
As new industries are coming into the market, capital market is being large enough and long-
term financial demand is being created. The open-ended mutual fund is a new sector, so there
are high possibilities of growth in this sector. Open ended mutual fund is a largelyuntapped
market, and Alliance Capital will be able to capture many institutional clients from
competitors, as well as new clients.
THREATS:
An organization’s threats are negative external factors. An organization should explore all
possible threats available to it. These threats are intended to diminish the organization. By
making improvements and proper monitoring of the threats, the organization should beable
to turn more competitive in the market. The following are threats are available to Alliance
Capital Asset Management Ltd in order to threaten its existence.
Compensation basically consists of direct and indirect compensation and Alliance Capital is
very much concerned about both these types of compensation. They offer attractive package
that is in per with current market practice in similar sector. They also offer bonuses and yearly
incremental. For long term benefits, Alliance Capital has provision of Gratuity, Provident Fund.
They also have leave planning for employees consisting of different kind of leaves according
to employee needs.
Service quality of Berger Paint SCS is commendable. It is very important for every
organization serve its customers so that it creates a loyal customer base who willrepeatedly buy
its products and carry a long-time relationship with the company as well as work as a spoken
person to promote the products of the company to peers, friends, relatives, etc. This
Recommendations:
➢ The organization should practice proper Berger Paint SC guideline. The purpose of
➢ To get effective and efficient employee, the organization should arrange proper training
➢ The entire HR department should be well informed regarding the employment personal.
➢ The organization should provide well direct compensation as well as direct to its staffs.
➢ The management should have job evaluated salary structure, which is most competitive
properly.
➢ In order to get competitive advantage and to deliver quality service, top management
➢ Periodical performance appraisal and giving recognition and rewards to the qualified
➢ The management should create customers database and continuously informing the
investors about the available facilities or opportunities which will work to achieve twin
goal at a time; one is direct marketing and another is large pool of customers database.
The India freight and logistics market size is estimated at billion USD, and is expected to reach
483.43 billion USD by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 9.04% during the forecast period (2023 –
2029).
The India Freight and Logistics Market is segmented by End User Industry (Agriculture,
Fishing and Forestry, Construction, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas, Mining and Quarrying,
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Others) and by Logistics Function (Courier, Express and Parcel,
Freight Forwarding, Freight Transport, Warehousing and Storage). Market Value (USD) and
Market Volume (ton-km, number of parcels, warehousing & storage space in square feet) are
both presented. Key Data Points observed include Freight Transport Volume (ton-km) by Mode
Export trends (in USD); and Freight Pricing Trends (USD per ton-km).
The India Freight and Logistics Market size is estimated at 288.18 billion USD in 2023, and is
expected to reach 484.43 billion USD by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 9.04% during the
➢ The government is constantly changing the regulations associated with the road
freight transport industry, such as restricting trucks above the age of 15 years to
phase out older and polluting vehicles from the country. The implementation of GST
has shifted all manual transactions to digital mode, with e-way bills and Fastags
ensuring more transparency into the system. The government has even revised Axle
norms to increase load capacity, which has negatively impacted small fleet
operators.
➢ Small fleet owners dominate the industry, accounting for 70% of all fleets, operating
at a margin of 8-12% and with an average of 12-15 transaction days per month. SFOs
primarily operate on spot bookings, while MFOs and LFOs work on LHAs. The
Indian Road freight market has witnessed an average CAGR during 2014-19, thanks
to the revision of BF VI norms, the scrappage policy, GST, and new axle norms
➢ The development of the Bharatmala Pariyojana and the Sagarmala projects, along
with the Eastern and Western Dedicated Freight Corridors and developments of
market. To assess seasonality fluctuations in demand, freight rates are usually high
0.036/tonnes/km in 2019.
Owing to numerous tax hikes in the country fuel prices are expected to
increase in 2023
➢ Fuel costs sky-rocketed to current levels due to the combined effects of rising
benchmark brent prices and numerous tax hikes over the past few years. According
to the All-India Motor Transport Congress, which represents more than 14 million
truckers and bus and tourist vehicle operators, the soaring fuel prices are impacting
India's truckers as they have limited ability to pass on the rising prices, which
account for 70% of the cost of operating a truck. India's oil demand growth is
expected to reach 2,46,000 barrels per day (bpd) in 2023, revised higher by 14,000
bpd on robust petrol and diesel sales. The country's oil demand will likely grow by
➢ As per the official data by Petroleum Planning and Analyses Cell, petrol prices rose
by a whopping USD 0.28 per liter between April 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021, the
highest ever levels to be recorded so far. India’s petrol demand rebounded to above
pre-COVID-19 levels in 2021 and is expected to be 24% higher than 2019's level in
2023.
➢ The diesel price increase was less sharp than the increase in petrol prices due to VAT
cuts offered by several state governments to keep the price rise of diesel under
manageable levels. Oil marketing companies have been lenient on diesel price rises
lately, reducing the quantum of a hike compared to petrol. In 2022, global crude
supply, whereas the impact on fuel in India has been minimal. Domestic demand for
million tonnes in 2023. However, fuel prices were hiked, and the consumption
demand decreased due to high inflation, which impacted the economic recovery of
India.
Sample area of logistics
The contribution of logistics in India’s GDP is about 14.4% of the GDP and is expanding at a
rapid pace. The logistics market in India is expected to grow at Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of 15.5% by 2024. Moreover, the logistics sector in India employs over 22
million people and is further expected to create employment to another 1.2 million by 2025.
Some of the growth drivers in the sector includes government’s focus on infrastructure
development, FDI reforms and the recently implemented Goods and Services Tax (GST) that
will have an impact on the logistics industry in India. Different initiatives like Make in India
and Digital India are also expected to contribute towards the growth of the logistics industry in
the country.
This article will give you an overview of logistics industry in India – its existing and emerging
scenarios, its challenges and the trends that is likely to contribute to its transformation.
Types of Logistics Services in India:
➢ Transportation logistics
➢ Warehousing logistics
➢ Distribution logistics
➢ Project logistics
Transportation logistics
Transportation services include the movement of goods and services, people, and animals from
one location to another by rail, road, air, sea, cable, space, or pipeline. Transportation services
operations. Transportation allows communication and trade between the two parties.
consideration. You need to determine the costs, how important is it to get the shipment to the
end user in what period, the value of the goods as well as the size and weight of the goods.
In the highly competitive transportation and distribution service industry, it is imperative that
information and physical products move with efficiency and at lower costs. Customers are
demanding improved services that only technology can provide. Successful supply chain
management and logistics are the difference between surviving and success in transportation
and distribution services. As the supply chain management, logistics system is improved,
immediate benefits can be seen in terms of lower transportation costs and optimized deliveries.
Warehousing Logistics
Moving to this day and age, it is undeniable that warehousing plays an important role in the
whole business since the world is becoming a global village. Warehousing accounts for the
foundation of storing products, making it better customer service and reducing costs for firms.
While it may not be the most exciting topic, warehousing and inventory storage have an impact
on everything from procuring raw materials to properly managing inventory to sending orders
to customers on time. In this article, let’s see what warehousing in logistics is and the functions
of warehousing in logistics.
Warehousing is essential in supply chain management as goods are transported from the maker
to end recipient. The benefits of warehousing in logistics indicates that if a warehouse operation
is ineffective, the entire supply chain may be immobilized, for example, a lack of goods, delays,
or blockages. All logistical efforts performed within the scope of a warehouse should avoid the
by maintaining sufficient resources, materials, and packaging for production, allowing for
uninterrupted output. Permanent access to packages allows for the systematic receipt of
finished goods and delivery to the intended recipient. It’s worth noting that warehouses support
marketing processes by providing constant access to resources required for the completion of
adequate flow, and storing commodities and associated information and data for efficient
processing. As a result, logistics establishes a unified, integrated, and optimal flow throughout
But what if the product cannot be delivered to the consumer on time, and all initial efforts are
for nothing? That is why distribution logistics are essential to the eCommerce supply chain
between the point of sale and the delivery of a consumer order. The heart of an online business
is distribution. Without it, delivering and meeting client expectations would be challenging.
But it’s frequently a balancing act to get retail distribution correct. For starters, you must have
sufficient inventory to satisfy demand while making the best use of available storage to
minimise expenses.
adequate flow, and storing commodities and associated information and data for efficient
processing. As a result, logistics establishes a unified, integrated, and optimal flow throughout
That is why distribution logistics are essential to the eCommerce supply chain between the
point of sale and the delivery of a consumer order. The heart of an online business is
distribution. Without it, delivering and meeting client expectations would be challenging.
But it’s frequently a balancing act to get retail distribution correct. For starters, you must have
sufficient inventory to satisfy demand while making the best use of available storage to
minimise expenses.
Supply chain management
Supply chain management is the handling of the entire production flow of a good or service —
starting from the raw components all the way to delivering the final product to the consumer.
A company creates a network of suppliers (“links” in the chain) that move the product along
from the suppliers of raw materials to those organizations that deal directly with users.
management systems:
Planning
Plan and manage all resources required to meet customer demand for a company’s product or
service. When the supply chain is established, determine metrics to measure whether the supply
chain is efficient, effective, delivers value to customers and meets company goals.
Sourcing
Choose suppliers to provide the goods and services needed to create the product. Then,
establish processes to monitor and manage supplier relationships. Key processes include:
Manufacturing
Organize the activities required to accept raw materials, manufacture the product, test for
Coordinate customer orders, schedule deliveries, dispatch loads, invoice customers and receive
payments.
Returning
Modern supply chains take advantage of massive amounts of data generated by the chain
process and are curated by analytical experts and data scientists. Future supply chain leaders
and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems they manage will likely focus on
optimizing the usefulness of this data — analysing it in real time with minimal latency.
Project logistics
Project logistics is a specialised service offering within the global logistics industry. It
combines traditional freight forwarding and transport capabilities with unique skills and
competence needed for project planning, transport engineering, procurement, Health Safety,
Security, Environment and Quality (HSSEQ) compliance, and contract and vendor
management. It covers the combination of solution design, special cargo transportation, and
end-to-end shipments from suppliers to destination sites ensuring that all cargo converges and
arrives on time.
The logistics activities needed to successfully complete a project cover the integrated process
of planning and executing the complete flow of containerized and non-containerized cargo
from suppliers spread across the globe, ensuring that all cargo eventually converges
It is a fact that logistics industry in India is evolving rapidly and is regarded as the backbone
of the economy for moving goods across the country. However, evolutionary changes like
technological innovations, change in consumer demands and new regulations often bring
challenges to this sector. In addition to that, the meaning of logistics services has also expanded
over the years, especially with the advent of eCommerce business, posing different challenges
with reference to timely delivery, cost reduction, returns and refund management, and more.
Here are some of the challenges that logistics companies face in India:
transportation cost and unstable fuel prices and maintenance can increase it further. If
you are looking at saving transportation cost, you can adopt alternatives like combining
shipments, installing routing software and reducing carriers. Many businesses today
switch between partial-truckload, less-than truckload, and full truck load shipments
communicating with drivers and staff who mostly are on the road gets difficult. The
customers are spoilt for choices. Logistics companies are expected to deliver the best
to create customer delight and thereby generate repeat business. Providing assistance at
every touchpoint can be challenging for providers and affect customer experience.
➢ Visibility: Lack of complete control and visibility of the supply chain map is often a
supply chain at all stages to ensure that shipments are been transported through the
➢ Regulations: Logistics rules and regulations in India that are enforced by national,
regional and local authorities keeps changing at times and needs constant monitoring.
If not handled in a timely manner, these impact logistics and delivery timelines, and
efficiency is compromised.
implement tools like shipment tracking systems, automation systems, data analytics,
Every business requires an efficient logistics partner to take care of their logistics and delivery
operations. Finding an end-to-end logistics company may get challenging considering the range
of players and types of logistics and transportation services offered. Depending on the size of
your business and the requirement, you can choose from these major players for your logistics
needs.
➢ Blue Dart: A global carrier with a huge network across India and abroad, Blue Dart
offers you options to select your preferred date of delivery and time, through scheduled
and slot-based delivery. It also offers specialised services like automated proof-of-
options.
➢ Delivery: Another Indian logistics company that handles logistics for 7,500+ e-
commerce businesses across India. Their USP includes on-demand delivery, including
next-day and same-day delivery services and scheduled deliveries. Equipped with API
integration, Delivery ensures picking, packing, shipping label generation, and delivery
➢ FedEx: FedEx is a well-equipped logistics provider with trained personnel and top-
of-the-line transportation services equipped to handle all kinds of cargo. They also aid
➢ Ekart Logistics: Originally a Flipkart initiative to serve inhouse orders, Ekart has
Popular due to low rates and delivery to remote locations, Ekart caters to same-day
network across India to optimise supply chain and logistics solutions domestically and
globally. DHL logistics also provides warehousing services and has over 800 fulfillment
you the best prices on road transportation services from trusted logistics partners. You can
explore services, compare prices, and work with a logistics partner of choices, to transport
The transportation and logistics sector in India is witnessing transformational growth with the
rise e-commerce and retail businesses and has been successful to keep pace with the latest
demands of the sector. Some of the trends in logistics are highlighted below:
➢ The eCommerce boom in India has deeply impacted the logistics industry. Customers
prefer to shop online, and this has led to a huge increase in demand for logistics services.
possible.
➢ Express delivery also has shown a strong growth in the logistics sector with customers
expecting faster deliveries like never before. With availability of options like same day
Another service that is fast trending is the rise of reverse logistics. Companies to create better
customer satisfaction are ensuring that returns are handled efficiently and on time.
➢ Good communication
➢ Outsource to 3PL
What is the future of the logistics industry in India?
As per a study titled ‘India E-commerce Logistics Market Performance and Future Outlook to
2027’, the size of the Indian logistics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% from 2022-
27, generating market revenue of USD 633.6 billion by 2027. Some of the recent developments
The pandemic had a positive impact on the Indian eCommerce logistics sector. Logistics
providers were forced to take several actions to streamline operations during the period when
there were severe supply chain disruptions due to prolonged lockdowns. Players expanded their
service in small towns and rural areas to ensure business continuity and this helped in building
larger networks.
Further, government initiatives like Make in India and the Secured Logistics Document
Exchange (SLDE) along with a calculator for Green House gas emissions has helped this sector
There has been maximum adoption of digitisation in the past two years as businesses realised
the importance of embracing a computerised supply chain ecosystem for business growth. On
the other hand, Indian consumers are increasingly becoming tech-savvy thus creating an
opportunity for e-Commerce logistics service providers to grow. The fact that there are 820
million smartphone users in India has given rise to better opportunities for penetration of e-
commerce.
The logistics and warehousing industry in India need to invest in technologies to develop
innovative and efficient solutions to reduce the reliability on human assistance. Businesses
looking for logistics support should look for providers who offers the best in terms of efficiency
and price. It is recommended to collaborate with 2-3 different logistics partners. This will give
you the option to have backups and identify partners who offer efficient services.
Logistics Policy. The planning of the strategy involved detailed conversations on the
supply and demand sides with all central ministries and takes a broad view of the sectors
defining precise action points. The proposed policy's objective is to boost the nation's
effective, dependable, green, sustainable and cost-efficient logistics network that makes
use of best-in-class tools, procedures and qualified personnel. The policy aims to reduce
the logistics cost, which stands at 14% of GDP to 9-10%. The strategy will establish a
➢ National Logistics Law: A national logistics law has been drafted and is
under consultation. Through a unified legal framework for the paradigm of One Nation,
One Contract, it would support the One Nation, One Market objective and provide a
flexible regulatory environment (single bill of lading across modes). The law's
provisions will make it possible to assign a distinct logistics account number in place
➢ Logistics Master Plan: This initiative is in the works which takes a geographical
integrated into the plan to expand the mix of intermodal and/or multimodal
pipelines, optical fibre cable networks) is planned to prevent problems in the future. An
Inter-Ministerial Committee will be used to supervise the master plan's execution. The
state and local logistics strategies will be created in coordination and cooperation with
to enable price discovery, ensure optimal utilisation, and support planned development,
the National Grid of Logistics Parks and Terminals is being planned. Furthermore, the
government has begun to devise certain standards and guidelines that will be
procedures for obtaining clearances that make the procedure of establishing warehouses
more efficient, along with setting up a system for rating and certifying those
foundation that would boost productivity, reduce wasteful travel and provide a slick
user experience. The standards for the National Logistics Platform (iLOG) are currently
Technology (MEiTY). The iLOG will work to integrate a single platform for the various
service providers, purchasers, and central and state government agencies such as
customs, Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), railways, ports, airports, inland
professionals who will be the primary force behind the development of logistics in the
nation. The approaches include a coordinated effort to analyse and address present and
future skill needs, mainstreaming logistics education and training in regular formal
strategies, and it aims to lower logistics costs by making truck driving a desired career
➢ Roads Ahead
The initiatives taken by the government will lead to the progress of the logistics sector. The
integration in the form of a multi modal network of transport and warehousing will lead to
increased efficiency in the transportation and storage of goods throughout the country. By
focusing on the digital aspect, the government’s aim is to upgrade the existing system that will
lead to faster, better communication with fewer errors that will benefit the sector significantly.
The plan has a strong monitor system with periodic audits in order to check the implementation
bring down the logistics cost from 13% to 8% of GDP, leading to a reduction of approximately
40%, within the next five years. These goals were set by the National Logistics Policy. This
would guarantee the logistics industry acts as a growth engine and a major factor in upgrading
Sampling technique
Sampling technique can’t be expressed in the given format though primary data is not available,
Tools of analysis
All quality management and improvement movements share the same basic foundation, regardless of
what your company calls its quality program (some companies spend more time coming up with clever
names for the program than actually implementing it). This foundation is built on continuous
improvement and statistical analysis.
Several tools are commonly used to support this foundation. (Do be aware that they may be
called by different names.)
• Histogram: You may remember the histogram from school because it’s a basic method
to display data. The histogram simply displays the frequency of different measurements
and shows their distribution.
For example, you can use a histogram to show the distribution of test grades to students.
A range of the students’ scores is plotted on the x-axis, and the frequency of those
grades is usually represented by a bar chart on the y-axis. The histogram is very useful
to identify any outliers from the rest of the data.
• Pareto chart: Another common bar chart is the Pareto chart. In this chart, the events
are displayed on the x-axis, and the number of occurrences is displayed on the y-axis.
The Pareto chart allows you to instantly identify the vital few events that are causing
most of your problems. You want to allocate your limited resources to these high-
frequency events because you’ll get a bigger bang for your buck if you can solve the
higher-frequency issues.
• Ishikawa diagram: The Ishikawa diagram (often called a fishbone diagram because
of its resemblance to a fish skeleton) is one of many cause-and-effect tools. The diagram
starts at the head with a problem statement. Running along the spine are possible causes
for the problem.
• Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA): You can use this tool to identify the root
cause of a problem. It’s a very structured approach that begins by identifying all
possible things that can go wrong, or the failure modes of your process or product.
After you identify the failure modes, you rank each one according to the likeliness of it
occurring, its impact if it did occur, and the likelihood of it being discovered before
reaching the customer. You calculate a risk priority number (RPN) from these rankings,
which can help prioritize the critical failure modes.
• Run chart: This chart is a simple but powerful tool used to monitor a process over
time. You can use it to identify changes in mean measurement and trends that may
occur. Unlike the control chart discussed next, the run chart doesn’t require any
statistical analysis.
The control chart is a simple visual tool you can use to monitor a process to see whether
it’s performing as expected. Using the recorded data from a run chart, you can calculate
upper and lower control limits. You plot these limits on the control chart and compare
them to additional measurements. A measurement that falls outside the limit indicates
that something has happened to the process, and you may need to take action.
Data Analysis
An operational analysis compares current business performance with historical data to review
business operations. The analysis focuses on consistency and costs incurred by a company.
Upon completion, the analysis highlights errors and suggests measures to overcome them.
Beyond the typical developmental performance measures of “Are we on schedule?” and “Are
we within budget?”, an operational analysis should seek to answer more subjective questions
in the specific areas of:
➢ Customer Results,
➢ Strategic and Business Results,
➢ Financial Performance, and
➢ Innovation.
In addressing Customer Results, the analysis should focus on whether the investment is fully
meeting the customer’s needs and whether the cost to the customer is as low as it could be for
the results delivered. The focus here is on how well the investment is delivering the goods or
services that it is intended to deliver. Discuss such issues as:
Describe the baseline against which you measure the investment’s performance. Is there an
approved and up-to-date charter or program plan? The baseline could be defined in documents
such as an Annual Performance Plan, or the Strategic IT Plan. The important point is that you
discuss the continued need for the investment, along with performance metrics for measuring
its performance. The performance metrics should have a clear relationship to both the
investment’s business need and your organization’s strategic direction.
Describe the method you are using to measure and track cost, schedule and performance
metrics. Describe the investment’s cost, schedule, and performance baseline, and describe the
management technique you are using to monitor metrics against the baseline (monthly status
review meetings, budget reviews, etc). Also describe the quantitative metrics you are using to
measure variances from the baseline, and the frequency with which you apply these
measurements. It could also be helpful in this section to describe any tools you are using to
track performance metrics (Microsoft Project, Excel spreadsheets, etc).
Describe the investment’s management control process. What are the operational, mid-
management and senior management policies for review and intervention? If the investment’s
variances exceed defined boundaries, what action is taken to rectify the situation? How, and
how often, does management ensure the continued strategic fit of the investment with the
organization’s strategic direction?
Discuss the results of the most recent review of the investment. Is the investment still
considered viable? Does it continue to be aligned with your organization’s strategic
direction? Discuss the most recent alternative analysis conducted. How could the business
need for the investment be met more efficiently, more effectively, or at lower
cost? Demonstrate that you have actually done a thorough analysis of the need for the
investment, the performance being achieved by the investment, the advisability of continuing
the investment, and alternative methods of achieving the same investment result.
Findings
Operational outcomes are specific, measurable statements about improvements a unit would
like to make to its programs or services.
Each outcome should flow directly from a more general goal of the unit. For example, if an
academic department has a goal of increasing diversity, then the department might have
separate outcomes addressing the recruitment of more diverse students and recruitment of more
diverse faculty.
First, do not confuse outcomes with action plans. For example, setting up a table at Open House
is not an appropriate outcome even though it may be part of an academic department's action
plan to meet an outcome about increasing enrolment. One common problem with assessment
reporting is that a unit might list tasks accomplished like a check list rather than focus on goals
for continual improvement.
Second, it's ok to set lofty goals and outcomes. Always remember that assessment is about
improvement. If the unit is constantly setting outcomes that are immediately attainable, then
the unit probably has not set expectations high enough. Units are encouraged to set goals that
may be a stretch and will take some time to achieve. What is important is that the unit can show
that they are making progress on achieving that which is most important to the unit.
➢ Specific
➢ Measurable
➢ Attainable
➢ Realistic
➢ Timely
This framework shows that the operations management role is divided into three areas:
• Managing input resources – Operations managers must ensure that the right
resources, such as people, equipment and materials, are available in the right
quantity at the right time for the operation’s needs.
Transformation processes
Walley (2017) identifies three types of transformation processes:
➢ material processing
➢ information processing
➢ customer processing.
There are also listed six types of transformational change that occur within processes:
➢ physical transformation
➢ informational transformation
➢ possession transformation
➢ location transformation
➢ storage transformation
The aim of this course has been to give you an introductory overview of operations
management. Operations is one of the central functions of all organisations The first learning
outcome was that you should be able to ‘define “operations” and “operations management”’. I
took the view in this session that operations embrace all the activities required to create and
deliver an organisation's goods or services to its customers or clients.
The second outcome was that you should be able to ‘identify the roles and responsibilities of
operations managers in different organisational contexts.
The third outcome was that you should be able to ‘identify the operations management aspects
of your own work’. Some managers have a specific and central role in the management of
operations such as a production manager in a factory or an operations manager in a hotel chain.
However, as you may have discovered from Activity 3, most managers have at least some
operations management aspects to their job.
The fourth outcome was that you should be able to ‘apply the “transformation model” to
identify the inputs, transformation processes and outputs of an organisation’. The
transformation model is a tool for analysing any type of organisation in terms of the inputs,
transformation process and outputs involved in the operations function. Section 2 of this
session described the transformation model and Activity 4 gave you the chance to apply it to a
number of very different organisations.
The fifth outcome was that you should be able to ‘identify the operational and administrative
processes in your own organisation’. David Garvin's article discussed the way in which a
process perspective can enable managers to gain greater insight into the management of
organisational performance. As you read the extract, I hope you took notes on how this could
be applied in your own organisation.
The final objective was that you should be able to ‘describe the boundaries of an operations
system and recognise its interfaces with other functional areas within the organisation and with
its external environment’. I extended the transformation model to include suppliers, customers
and the external environment. I also drew an important distinction between the closed system
mentality that keeps the operations function separated from suppliers and clients, and the open
systems mentality where communication with customers and suppliers is encouraged.
References
https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=573847129&rlz=1C1GCEA_enIN1054IN1054&q=
What+are+the+outcomes+of+operations%3F&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiW2JaA4fuBAxW4Sm
wGHc1DCFcQzmd6BAgXEAY&biw=1536&bih=707&dpr=1.25
https://www.google.com/search?q=+analysis+in+operations+management&sca_esv=573847
129&rlz=1C1GCEA_enIN1054IN1054&ei=IcYtZe_sLtWrseMPy9W70A4&ved=0ahUKEwi
vgYOk2_uBAxXVVWwGHcvqDuoQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=+analysis+in+operations+ma
nagement&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiIiBhbmFseXNpcyBpbiBvcGVyYXRpb25zIG1hb
mFnZW1lbnQyBhAAGAcYHjIGEAAYBxgeMgYQABgHGB4yBhAAGAcYHjIGEAAYBx
geMgYQABgHGB4yBhAAGAcYHjIGEAAYBxgeMgYQABgHGB4yBhAAGAcYHki9HF
DyCFiDEXABeACQAQCYAacBoAG7CKoBAzAuN7gBA8gBAPgBAcICChAAGEcY1gQ
YsAPCAgcQABgNGIAEwgIIEAAYigUYhgPiAwQYACBBiAYBkAYI&sclient=gws-wiz-
serp
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-business/business-strategy-studies/introduction-
operations-management/content-section-2