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International Trade 3Rd Edition Feenstra Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
International Trade 3Rd Edition Feenstra Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
International Trade 3Rd Edition Feenstra Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Test Bank
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TestBanks Chapter 06: Increasing Returns to Scale and Monopolistic
Competition
Ricardian
HeckscherOhlin
monopolistic competition
specificfactors
4 Products traded between two nations that are very similar and
very close substitutes, but that may be of different quality or
prices, are called:
differentiated complements.
differentiated substitutes.
differentiated products.
perfect substitute products.
is perfectly inelastic.
is perfectly elastic.
slopes downward to the right.
has a positive slope.
32 Whenever a firm's marginal costs are less than its average costs,
its average costs must be:
falling.
rising.
constant.
falling, then rising.
35 Firm X's total fixed costs are $1,000. Its total variable costs of
producing 100 units are $2,000, and its total variable costs of
producing 200 units are $4,000. Which of the following will
happen to firm X's average costs as it increases output from 100
to 200 units?
Average costs increase.
Average costs decrease.
Average costs remain constant.
Average costs increase slightly.
40 If a firm has a total cost of $150 and a variable cost of $100 for
producing 5 units of output, then the fixed cost is:
$35.
$50.
$250.
$100.
71 In what two ways does trade benefit consumers when firms are
monopolistically competitive?
better quality products, increased information
higher incomes, more dependable products
lots of bells and whistles, higher wages
lower prices, more variety
shortrun costs.
adjustment costs.
variable costs.
overhead costs.
unskilled workers.
semiskilled workers.
higherincome workers.
agricultural workers.
96 Select the best answer: A recap of the effects of NAFTA for its
first 9 years reveals some adjustment costs were offset by:
I. benefits for U.S. manufacturing productivity.
II. benefits for U.S. consumers.
III. benefits for higherwage workers in Mexican maquiladora
industries.
I
II
III
I, II, and III
97 When imports and exports for the same type of good are nearly
equal:
the laws of comparative advantage break down.
it is an indication that nearly all the trade is intraindustry.
exports are probably just “finished” in the nation instead of
being fully sourced there.
there is a very low level of intraindustry trade.
105 If exports of an industry are $100 million and imports are zero,
which of the following is the value of the index of intraindustry
trade?
0
1
0.5
100 million
111 The higher the value for the index of intraindustry trade:
116 Other things equal, the gravity equation predicts that the United
States will have more trade with __________ than with
_________.
Bangladesh; Japan
Russia; Japan
Canada; Bangladesh
Russia; Bangladesh
117 Other things equal, the level of bilateral trade between two
countries will increase as their GDP:
rises.
falls.
stays the same.
becomes less equal.
121 Larger countries will trade more with one another; this is
empirically supported by:
the intraindustry trade.
the increasing returns to scale.
the gravity equation.
the comparative advantage.
123 The gravity equation was tested and found to be very accurate
in predicting:
world trade in total.
trade between various provinces in Canada and American
states.
trade between the United States and Japan.
trade between nations in the European Union.
trade.
tariffs.
monopolistic competition.
imperfect competition.
127 What did the gravity equation predict about trade within the
borders of a nation?
Trade between states or regions within a nation is much
more likely than trade outside the borders.
Trade between states or regions within a nation is much less
likely to occur.
There was no predictive value for trade within a nation's
borders.
Trade between states or regions within a nation is more
subject to national law and regulation and therefore not as
predictable.
128 When research and development costs are spread out over
more consumers, it is an example of what?
Answer:
economies of scale
Answer:
131 ABC Corporation is a monopolistic competitor. It has fixed costs of $5,000 and a
constant marginal cost of $500 per unit of production. It faces a demand curve
described by this equation:
P = 1,000 – 10Q.
A) Find ABC's equilibrium price and quantity.
B) Will it earn monopoly profits at this equilibrium?
C) What will happen to ABC's price, quantity, and monopoly profits in the long
run?
Answer:
A) The demand curve for this equation has x and y intercepts of Q = 1,000 and P
= 100. Its slope is –10. Its MR is P = 500 – 20P, while its MR curve has x and
y intercepts of Q = 500 and P = $1,000 and a slope of –20. To derive the MR
curve, multiply the demand curve by P and take the derivative, that is, TR =
PQ = (1,000 – 10Q) × Q = 1,000Q – 20Q2 and dTR/dQ = 1,000 – 20Q. Setting
MC (= $500) equal to MR (= 1,000 – 20Q) yields 20Q = 500 and Q = 25.
Inserting Q = 25 into the demand equation yields a price of 1,000 – 10 × 49 =
$550.
B) At the price of $550 and quantity of 25, the firm's total revenue is $13,750 and
its total cost is $5,000 + 25 × $100 = $7,500. It is earning a monopoly profit
of $6,250.
C) Its price will fall, its output may fall or rise, depending on the change in its
demand curve as more firms enter its market, and its monopoly profits will
disappear.
A) Yes; its total revenue is $600 ($2 × 300) and its total costs
are $400 (TFC of $100 and TVC of $300 = $1 × 300). The
difference is $200 of monopoly profits.
B) In the long run, these monopoly profits will attract new
entrants to the industry, which will shift the firm's demand
curve to the left until P = AC.
134 Why would you expect firms with high research and
development costs to be more interested in free trade?
Answer:
135 The fall in real wages for the maquiladora workers during the
1990s was likely due to what?
Answer:
136 Would you say that the gains from NAFTA clearly outweigh its
costs for the United States?
Answer:
No; the initial gains from additional variety roughly equaled the
initial costs of adjustment. However, the accumulated gains
from additional variety clearly outweigh the adjustment costs.
Answer:
Answer:
139 Suppose that imports and exports in an industry are both $100
million. If exports rise to $200 million, will the value of the
industry's index of intraindustry trade rise, fall, or remain the
same?
Answer:
Answer:
144 Other things equal, do you expect that the gravity equation will
predict that there will be more trade between the United States
and Canada than between the United States and Argentina?
Answer:
Assuming that the GDPs of Canada and Argentina are
approximately equal, the gravity equation suggests that U.S.–
Canadian trade will be larger than United States – Argentina
trade since the denominator of the gravity equation (distn) is
smaller in the U.S–Canada case than in the U.S.–Argentina
case. The smaller denominator yields a higher value of the
index, which indicates more trade in the U.S.–Canada case.
146 Explain why the gravity equation for U.S and European trade
may be higher than the gravity equation for U.S. and Canadian
trade even though that the U.S. and Canada share a border.
Answer:
The two components to the gravity equation are the GDPs of the
two countries (in the numerator) and the distance between the
two countries (in the denominator). In the case of U.S.–EU
trade, the EU's larger GDP may outweigh its greater distance
from the United States and lead to a higher value for the gravity
equation for U.S.–EU trade.
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