8

Science
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Week 2, The Particle Nature of
Matter
Science - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 - Module 2: The Particle Nature of Matter
Revised Copy, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler/s: Eubelle T. Sablaon, SST-III, Abellana National School

Illustrator/Layout Artist: N/A

Content Editors: Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II, Lahug Night High School
Mr. Rommel C. Villahermosa, Assisting Principal, Abellana National
School

Language Editor: Nenita Nacional, Principal I, Pasil Elementary School

Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

ii
 Lesson The Particle Nature of Matter

Quarter : Third Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate an understanding of the particle
nature of matter as a basis for explaining properties, physical
changes, and structure of substances and mixtures.
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to explain matter based on the
arrangement and movement of particles.
Competency : The learners should be able to explain physical changes in
terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules.
(S8MT-IIIcd-9)
Duration : Week 2
Topic : Matter and Its properties

What I Need to Know

This module is made for you to learn more about the physical states of matter and its
properties. This will lead you to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on
the particle nature of matter.
This module is based on the DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competency in Grade
8, Quarter 3 for Week 2. You can explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based
on the particle nature of matter.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the three states of matter based on the arrangement and movement of
particles.
2. Infer from observations that particles of matter move and have space in between.
3. Draw the particles of matter.

What I Know
Mind Check!
It is important to know how familiar you are with the concepts in this topic. Let us check
how far you know. Answer the pre-test.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What states of matter are highly compressible?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
2. Which of the following states of matter can flow and can be poured into another container
while maintaining its volume?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
3. What states of matter have the greatest force of attraction?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

1
4. Which of the following statements about liquid is TRUE? Liquid molecules _____.
A. move freely C. assume the space of their container
B. are far away from each other D. travel in straight lines between collisions
5. How does solid differ from other states of matter? It has _________.
A. no definite shape or volume
B. definite shape and no definite volume
C. rigidity and resistance to change shape or volume
D. definite volume but take the shape of the container
6. Which of the following are the common properties of liquid? It has _______.
A. definite shape and volume
B. no definite shape or volume
C. definite shape and no definite volume
D. definite volume but takes the shape of the container
7. Why do particles of solids CANNOT move around? The particles _______.
A. are attracted to one another
B. have negligible force of attraction
C. fill all the available space in the container
D. are packed closely and held together by strong forces
8. Which description BEST matches this particle model?
A. Particles are closer but can flow out a container.
B. Closely packed and vibrate about a fixed position.
C. Particles have lots of energy and can move around
freely.
D. Particles are closely packed together but can slide Particle Model of Liquid
past each other.
9. How do you describe the movement of the particles in gases? Gas particles ______.
A. vibrate on the spot C. move quickly in all directions
B. move around each other D. are held by strong forces in a fixed position
10. Based on the particulate model of matter, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Molecular motion is greatest in ______________.
A. liquids, less in gases, and least in solids
B. gases, less in liquids, and least in solids
C. liquids, less in solids, and least in gases
D. solids, less in liquids, and least in gases
11. Why do particles of gases move freely? It is because they are _________.
A. far from one another C. fixed in their positions
B. close to one another D. strongly attracted to each other
12. Which statement is TRUE about the states of matter?
A. Gases do not have a definite shape but have definite mass and volume.
B. Solids do not have a definite shape but have definite mass and volume.
C. Liquids have a definite shape but do not have definite mass and volume.
D. Liquids do not have a definite shape but have definite mass and volume.
13. How do you describe the gases? They ___________.
A. are incompressible C. occupy far more spaces
B. move in regular direction D. have short intermolecular distance
14. Which describes the particles of matter according to the kinetic-molecular theory?
Particles of matter _____________.
A. are always fluid C. have different colors
B. have different shapes D. are in constant motion
15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE to all states of matter?
A. All matter is composed of small particles.
B. Particle movement of matter is negligible.
C. The particles of matter attract each other.
D. The particles of matter are always in motion.

2
 What’s In
In module 1, you have learned what is matter made of. To recall, let us play a
guessing game. I am confident that you can do this review task without any problem.
Directions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I am a nine-letter word that would connect all materials on Earth.
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

My 1234 is a portion or division of a whole that is separate or distinct.

My 456 is a tap or beat, like that of a clock.
My 56 is an initial for a hospital unit staffed and equipped to provide care seriously ill
patients.
My 89 is a suffix.
What am I? ____________________

What’s New
Activity 1
Are the particles of matter moving?
Objectives:
1. Infer from observation that particles of matter move.
2. Illustrate the particle models of the three states of matter.
Materials:
2 cups tap water
2-3 pieces of stones (medium size)
1 piece, wide-mouthed transparent bottle/glass (200 or 250mL capacity)
Activity A. Gas Particle
Procedure: Do the tasks as directed. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
1. Study the illustration in figure 1.

A.

B.

Figure 1. Particle model of gas in a syringe.

Questions:
1. How do you describe the particles of gas inside the syringe A and B?
A. _____________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________
2. Do you think there are spaces between particles of gas inside the syringe? Why?
________________________________________________________________

3
Activity B. Liquid Particle
Procedure:
Activity B 1.
1. Study the illustration of figure 2.

Figure 2. Particle model of water in a syringe.

Questions:
1. How do you describe the particles of liquid inside the syringe A and B?
A. _____________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________
2. Do you think there are spaces between particles of liquid inside the syringe? Why?
___________________________________________________________________

Activity B 2.
1. Pour ½ cup of water into a transparent glass. Carefully observe the flow of the water.
1. Did water take the shape of the glass? Explain your observation.
____________________________________________________________
2. Compare the space between the particles of gas and liquid through illustration.
____________________________________________________________

Activity C. Solid Particle

Procedure:
1. Drop a stone (3pieces in a medium size) in a glass with water. Observe.
2. Transfer the stones to another container.

Questions:
1. Did the stone take the shape of the drinking glass? ________________________
2. As you transfer the stone to another container. Did the shape and size of the stone
change? ________________________
3. Draw an illustration of your observation. ________________________

What Is It

The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. But over time and due to our
more informed knowledge and understanding of the world, we come to realize that there are
other state of matter. One of them is plasma which is considered the fourth state and the Bose-
Einstein condensate as the fifth. Each of these states is also known as phase. It is the behavior
and interactions of atoms and molecules within a substance that determine their state.

4
 Using the macroscopic and microscopic attributes or qualities of substance, one can
distinguish among solids, liquids, and gases. Properties that can be observed by the five
human senses, aided or unaided, are said to be macroscopic while those that are too small
to be seen even with the aid of the very best of microscopes are said to microscopic.
From the idea that matter is made up of particles and the situations that you observed,
your drawings show how you “see” matter beyond what you can observe with your unaided
eyes. You were creating your own mental picture and constructing models, which are
drawings or diagrams that are representations of what is happening at a level beyond what
your eyes can see. They are representations of reality.
The particle model of matter shows that in gases, the
particles move at random directions very quickly and travel in
straight-line paths. In the process, they collide with one another and
with the walls of the container. They change direction only when they
rebound form collisions. The distance between particles is large
compared to the size of the particles. The attraction between particles
is negligible because of the distance between them. This explains
why gas spreads. Its particles fill all the available space in the
container.
Gases take the shape of the container because the particles
are able to move freely to all parts of the container. They move freely
because they are far apart and there is negligible attraction between
them. In our activity, it shows the compressibility of gases. The
distances between particles are large and so there is a room for the
particles to move closer to each other.
Figure 3. Particle view of gas.

In liquids, the particles are closer to one another, nudging one

another as they move. Since the particles are closer to one
another, the attraction is stronger than those in gases. The
particles move and change positions but not freely as those in a
gas.
As you observed in the activity, liquids can flow out of a
container and can be poured into another while maintaining their
volume. This happens because there are attractions among the
particles of liquid which hold them together although not in fixed
positions. These attractions also make it possible for liquids to have
Figure 4. Particle view of liquid. a definite volume. This is one major difference between liquids and
gases, the particles are attracted to one another more strongly that the particles of gases are.
Solids have definite shapes and volume because the particles
are packed closely together in fixed positions. They vibrate a little
but in fixed positions. The particles cannot move around. The
particles of solids are held together by strong forces. One
common characteristic of both solids and liquids is that the
particles are in contact with their neighbors, that is, with other
particles. Thus, they are incompressible and this commonality
between solids and liquids distinguishes them from gases.
Figure 5. Particle view of solid.

5
 Matter regardless of its state, is always in constant random motion and hence,
possesses energy of motion known as kinetic energy that is dependent on the temperature.
This means that as you increase the temperature, the atoms and molecules will gain more
energy; as a result, they will move even faster.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter (KMT) also known as the Particulate Nature of
Matter states the following key points:
● All matter be it in solid, liquid, gas state, are made of tiny particles known as atoms.
● Particles are in constant, random motion. These particles have spaces between
them.
● Particles in motion have kinetic energy, and their energy, and their motion
increases as they gain energy.
● There is a transfer of energy between particles (atoms and molecules) as these
particles collide each other.
● Collisions between these particles are perfectly elastic.
● Molecular motion is greatest in gases, less in liquids, and least in solids.

The kinetic molecular theory is very useful in

explaining why the states of matter differ in movement
and arrangements. Also, it describes the forces
between molecules and the energy that they possess,
as well as the effects of temperature and pressure on
matter that further discussed on the next module.

What’s More
Activity 2
Let’s Compare!
Objective:
Compare the basic properties of solid, liquid, and gas based on the particle of nature.
Material:
table for comparison
Procedure:
1. Complete the table below which gives the comparison of solid, liquid, and gas based
on its common properties. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Properties Gas Liquid Solid

Particle Model of Matter

(illustration)
Arrangement of Particle
(description) Packed close together
No definite shape;
Shape takes the shape of its
container

6
 Properties Gas Liquid Solid
Volume Has a definite volume
Movement of Particle Move freely
Compressibility Extremely difficult
Attraction Stronger than those
in gases
Table 1. Differences on the basic properties of solid, liquid, and gas based on the particle of nature.

What I Have Learned

Let’s check what you have learned from the module by doing this activity.
Directions: Look around you. There are so many things you can see. Can you identify
which are solids, liquids, and gases? Explain why they belong to this group based on the
particle nature of matter. List five (5) things under the appropriate column in the given table.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

States of Matter Examples Explanation

* attraction between particles is
Gases Air negligible

Liquids

Solids

What I Can Do
Particle Models of the Three States of Matter
Directions: Cut out and paste small circular shapes using colored paper or used magazine
to illustrate the particle model of solid, liquid and gas on a short bond paper.

Criteria Points
The arrangement of particles in each state of matter is 5 points
properly illustrated
There are correct spaces between the particles of matter 5 points
Creativity 5 points
Neatness 5 points
Total 20 points

7
 Assessment
It is time to check what you have learned!
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which statement BEST explains the fact that gases can be compressed? The particles in
a gas _________________.
A. are very far apart C. are constantly moving very rapidly
B. do not have a fixed volume D. have no force of attraction between them
2. What phases of matter is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of
shape or volume?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
3. Which states of matter are particles held together by weak forces of attraction and can
move freely over long distances?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
4. What BEST describes the arrangement of particles in liquids? The particles in liquids
are_____.
A. far apart C. far apart and have a regular pattern
B. close together D. close together and have a regular pattern
5. Which describes the motion of the particles of liquids? The particles of liquids _________.
A. move but in a fixed position
B. vibrate a little in a fixed position
C. move freely and fill all the available space in the container
D. move and change position but not as freely as those in gas
6. States of matter differ in their shape and molecular arrangements. Which statement below
is TRUE?
A. Matter is made up of large particles.
B. Particles of matter are not moving all the time.
C. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
D. The particles of matter do not attract each other.
7. Which is NOT true about gases? The particles of gases _________.
A. are far apart C. vibrate a little in a fixed position
B. fill up their container D. travel in straight lines between collisions
8. Which of the following properties is common to BOTH gases and liquids? They ________.
A. can flow C. have a definite shape
B. can be compressed D. have a definite volume
9. Why do gases DO NOT have a definite shape? The particles of gases ____________.
A. are highly compressible C. have very high kinetic energy
B. have negligible attraction D. move in very fast rate and random direction
10. Which is common in the particles of matter? They ___________.
A. constantly move C. only move in liquids
B. move only in gases D. never move in solids
11. What happens if you pour orange juice from a can into a glass? It changes _______.
A. the shape of the juice C. both the shape and volume
B. the volume of the juice D. its color, shape, and volume of the juice
12. What happens to the shape and size of the stone when it is placed in a smaller
container? A stone ________.
A. keeps its original shape and volume
B. changes its original volume and its shape
C. keeps its original volume but not its shape
D. keeps its original shape but not its volume

8
13. One common property of the behavior of matter is the ability of the particle to move.
Which arrangement shows the movement of the state of matter from lowest to highest?
A. Solid Liquid Gas C. Solid Gas Liquid
B. Gas Liquid Solid D. Liquid Gas Solid
14. Why do solid particles have a definite shape?
I. They are closely packed together.
II. They can easily be compressed.
III. They are arranged in a fixed position.
IV. There is a strong force of attraction between the particles.
A. I, II, III B. II.III.IV C. I.III.IV D. I, II, III, IV
15. Solid, liquid, and gas differ in the arrangement and motion of particles. Which features of
the particle model of matter support their behavior?
I. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
II. The particles of matter attract each other.
III. Particles of matter are moving at all times.
IV. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
A. IV only B. II only and IV C. I, II, IV D. I, II, III, IV

Additional Activities
Create a journal that documents all the materials you have used for the day.
Categorized them into three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. Write it on a separate
sheet of paper.

References:
Printed References:
Campo, Pia C., et al.,2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,
Philippines
Madriaga, Estrellita A., et al.,2015. Science Link 8, Revised Edition. REX Printing Company, Inc.,
Philippines
Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma., et al.,2013. Exploring Life Through Science Series. Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc., Philippines

Website References:
https://favpng.com/png_view/syringe-air-molecule-syringe-compressibility-gas-png/sKG9tNAF
file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Final%20G8%20Module/SCIENCE8-Q3-SLM2.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?q=educational+bulliten+board+clipart

9
Answer Key

10
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

11