a : Fh Prochise, on enedh radion is bosfeally dittded ‘ints two Ponds — 4. A pe terminal, which conaissemet vane upeonveler and o dswnesnverter , o Inigh ~ powers amplifier /o Vous “Nolse amph®Piere , nod on atenno: © A baselond terminal, whieh aonsisds of bosebond quip-met, on encoder ond decoder and o mmedleder and demodulodton Earl h ssation anfenna ! me Te dhe éonth station anlema is one of tre finporcdord- Aubsyotem>s of the PF Hermfnol beacouse preevided she -odidoled er corrctere to the redeltite wither tre updinle ne peel nun end reelving, Hee PF corerciert fa rodelhtte with’n the oumlink freequensy spect ™ Yhe coreth aslodion anteona - must meet three basic -pequiremerds — Dd The onterma must ho ) Bho antenna -must have a ve a highly dirceetve gain. | Yow noise Jorspercod useWW) Bhe antenna -must be easily Bisscdd! . ie Foessentol. fare nino zing? amterma pointing Sess Antenne types 2 ——— ) Beksotiloit oles a dhe size of the onfenra. dformetere D de the reflect, Bier esd) vs connceseae 18" & high power om phiPier and @ How - noise amplifier hreoygh on oretho: onee mrode_ ronsducsr Com) which fs ¢ Spree - parce network Gn the transmit aide the signal energy Pron Hs oudpd- of the Nigh - powere amplifier 3 qeadfaded at al Hine foal potrh: bythe on the eect side He SY Se copturced by dre tePlectore converge) on the | focah poird. od his Hype af antenna das qoln efhicteney 50 te Gor, is represented by ther From Porcokehigh raPlectsn tg h- Delt > er sy - Sa esti ord i <|feed phose ei covtere DEF © x pore oe TS Loup Noise ovephitien — — < Sapte Vn a Pocah point Feel Fin’ farcobslotd antenna we eossegrain ° z eso duak ) Cas e rain antenna— Pantera, i” A J side te syed pe} leetre onlemma - On the Hreansm energy Freom th oudpet of The Arigh Feo Pighaee AS Fe atlas Power amp Xifier ae > = Wy perc holord gubra Flach powers omnphiicr + Ss nap esihactre “at wd ond subreptuer he Ean subreeflavore taal foeeb pet J es hose carder figs Cossegrot antenna, Sub raf tector Support stovetunefs teodfaked of He real Pocal paint by the feed ond ALumin odes the Conver surcfoot of He “Bubre@lachre. Gq the teeceWe sides a erangs el tai gee di teeerd— lena 5 MOS expensive re copturced oy the Srrovaycee Pooole pein - A ensseg eat a tran & parobel oid cmtenra Advarrteges o} Cossseqrestn “ee overt, qarebotcid — | » Jow noise Jempercod ure » goirking aceuroey- W) > feta? bilidy in feed desiyn . WD) Reduce spi Vovere and —minore M %) Giteolere -mechonicol Apobility Disodvoateqey —— . abe, tadiodion «Menbon the. ptaol on the Aypteat effidiensy Pactores Fore o Catsey Poin feed omtema : otownn 7 Pficen et Wrical Sey tle Oke dasségred | the antenna © L repretsent > Hae percantage of the, oppestut prot fs used effectively fn Heonsmission OFC is oO preoduet of yarsous eff idery Poodors Otten, A Teeeeprtion ond the treduee “the ontenne goins = ae Na Ns Ne ites. Wh 2 wath res tector slumination @Fficiengy a Apithoverr ene SG. Ns= Phose effi cieng} Nyil= subreflector ond supped shoucture block efficiensy Ns feed cystem diss? podive ef aieny : Nee rePleclre surface Joflercaner efficiency « y—— Nhe stlurnined ton effisensy qa is loo mined by The ahoroclenishe of the field! distot—pares Aa) hrnades ieefleetore ee is uniform Han ngs 4. PracrlPeo thy e = 0.94 ty 0-%6 - neon "he Apilhevert efficiency represent only ae he wan jth energy apilied over: tht edge. hed overc-he edge— refleetar but alse “tha energy opi of the subteeplectore: y= 6-9% Ro ihe phose effieienty ("s) ip ficd gen Joss» Most of SEs toss con be elfmtooded , by reshepiy naan | ‘reflectance +s correct the phase error gn a welk desgn ena g anlenna’ Yg= 0:98 +o 0:99 Im the subreflector blocky offideryt (na) is pes Inthe antenna gom - ative efficleney (rs) can potive Noss of +e feed abut 0.9% > Hern a I M5 > Uhe feed ayster dassip | be o igh as 0:94. Ghe dss | gptee also ruduas Pee anlerne goin:“Ne a be. expressed os-— Satan 2 seer) W) 2 vA is onfenna 6urrfoe dpleroance Nit ns depends on Frequere) : {B} Aeterna gun For on anlenna. , he goin - Gem 7 p> onfenra aperduxe omen (lr") 3 rededion weave eng th 1) aes readiati on Preequen e—> velozidy of Mylt i? onferma. oper ure afficiensy~ Fare eircewton Alena — no 4 ie gen (pyar Cea where DA onferma. Diameter (o>) Ardernon Point wg Wie ah The anferme pacticg Aoss earn be evaluated Sreom the onfenna got Podterer: whics is i Lumofion of fre cdf otis ongle 6. | This typer of floss occurs it te onenne pointing Neclre £6 nol fy fine with the sodehlite position sete za. diometere. For o parcabolord raffectore wel agartun Ps ie ee ee goin pattern Pore a umiforem ‘operate distethudion is given 2) Gow ce) = 4|2eP [ www es & satelite alfjrred -aen oer Aoss RET AT SAG anlar misabigrones “HS “Salat te gastion Joss R12 Joost” Ander aay ae Ares we | Fig: Anjenna pootig- errorFl ——___ x o£ NuGEressrone ais pt Mective TootPopie: Podiated Power Era = Chae ® A. Menra Gath —-+> =Nojse Temparotuce Rocko 2 , } Wo vf i veguidey | bea [paneer Lise loanphifier * 1 [@as"ex Teg oe | Figt Receive side of the enreth clathon tore aytem temperature evaluodion - Noise | The antenra gain-to~ Noise Jemporofura posi [7 is @ Siqure ah mewit- asmorly used to tndfeote “tha persfe ... of tha eae dsladion omferma ond the dow nen ap hifier fm relation to sensitively fo reeesivioy he dore fink Gomtien Prom Hu sctehtite feo @= He reaive antenne gain T= fhe earthy station fyslews Meise temp Now, He equivalent noise demperature, evalua bTe= Teg + at Tey, Tht Noise power od Ha output ah tie woreguide Is qien bg es Guy kB Coat Ves)Nits 1 KB [Te +CLi —4) TH] : La Si) 2 Was a, 4 oR ot “Thus the vege jemperal ute T% measancd of Hs odput | the a Soca Te) = a pees Dm La b Tetel posse Jernpercature of He gyzstem Tels +e ae TA ya =o AR Te ig + a Te + Teg-F oom ofthe onlesrr Te iMustrode excluvation Constdert, « 26™ Eras h..2 ~eotto * ~+o- Noise Jempercod ure 4 gor enna —Pe Crssegrain 3% Pe epereta (roo) oT recs E'6 j6 chovaeterized oy aa solo Jempercodure . ta Gok 1 es b 672 (Cos d@ Mayors eders + Antenno- noise wave Gui de loss Low- morse amplisPier Equivalent mot se Jempero} ure Teg, 150% Gain : Gaz 10% C60 4B)Pounesnverclen. equivalent =neice Jempercad ure A Tes Sy Ax yo? K Soh dab ticaenst dhek = Ja Vihias Te. Se pee tas Tl + eg! We legs Gia, Bo + Ie 10 ete (290) + 150 4+ — box mete ire = gain radlewed Ho He Gopal ob te foo |e aoice amplifier ——= Ge= 65+ Hs — LA = 65-53 -05 = 65-298 has te omlenna, gain= do- rstie Jewpenodune wate in d@ pere kelvin 4s Se GAB) 10 hog a = 65 23- 23.54ge ne | of the -most widely stoHon is he ehown 19 4 ; aduledion tn One used high —powere amplifiers in earch tnoveling wore tube omphiffer crwth) St om ys he pritrai ple of velocity =m bre Hon Porn ob travelling waved + Cxtiodey 0 BF Pop Folate ee) cdlecler Elation bom “iagnels wate ay Figs Trove hing wove tube ompli fier The RF Sigal +o be aap fied Apovels down a peviodtf Z Urinucluve called. o helin. Fleetrons emithed iar Nem Gothade of tre tube ave foersed Gels beam ofeng the ants of the helix by eqttodrionl ee phe af Ha end by -the colheeton ogfer delfverd dials eneaal dy Hea RE Fields The hehix stows down te Treepagnr nelociy cee Cr syrah +o fred ob the cleetoon team. Suis results fn an filenaction bel” che elec! wie Ridd Jlel "ath RE gyro Gre lee ONS. Yuts TPesulls fn phe beansfere ab energy freom the Aleta beam to He Re yeah and Pht 4h RF slyrah is omplified. | She. teavelhing wove tube Gan Gevert oehiene a bard - iwedth on He areder of 40% Medes hele Biper wats @xihodes cy 1 Clee Cae electron 4usfo- aca nya helio RT sor THON GIRS zor olleebr 4 A eShune 1 RF Siyrah Perel ce AS Gory Sata xe -aneer 0 OF velocity Be exp anete ak er Stet eleetaon ar- psieed Ge PY Yr Sasige Usa~ ampli fy aer wy ei] | eoaveguide Wer J Galele Powere XY “Te onlenna Fig) HPA ina 314. redundoney. ann iyunstionwere onl Giere ys used, n Ns Lihue . ne. most— ate 404 -peduindaney When a Single nigh-e Hmonsmission with atop ¥ Po asie Beuerconey cnet igus Shoon fh the Phuse. he ék son i rah Prom HY Paik of ere der He Upeonvedcre 16 aplit aqually Wy fro Poor ond fed tothe fnput ob Head ond wena Ot cagleh allows the alee steak Brean of a Al Soacs eo 6 (HPAL to be teanswitted by 7 ontenna autput signal Rreore dood whel disst poles the power fn the goer ouleradieall fhe matched Mood fro ontennce HPAL fs deMPS Seam ob hed. axnneek ond Jushon HPA t-Pails , 1h the outpud of weed te Jet Hepa to he antennn. feed ° son Je Ot Aen Gra 192 ~sadundensy configure Fea rca tSee Oi trae employed fore eosh effective n dood fe used Pore of hess rabiabt hits» fA esmmo' bobh switleher. Tre 1:2 radundeney eanfiguaebion Shona stoonsmids omby. 40 ot ov nied ae do Pye ts used nen fondly os tm cock pchorrization m ee on comerUpeenvercle A From Mpeonvertter. 2 Fig: hg redundary zahon operation. Ceelarciga ton) Te arlenra feed COlavina tent) g Configuration Fore dual poleat-a ee : nok is aera Garsier 4 z Sea A7t-AB | > + Coavier2~ |Convier.2 Coupltie @ouphere heawiens | abu ye Coxrier 8 ab we Wie stmplest device Por eon choo @arertierts 15 & | dteeetonel doupler whose coup anefficiert Be wh +s) Cos [tok see + 87 os (wht) 1S Yess [eee awh eed 6D + yes eotat eth peodt “4 Down Converclere : B , Tike idersneanvecer CDC) Teenves the modulated 2F carsiere fieom the Low-mosse omphitier ond translates tts radio Preeqyensy wd Pp the down - Sink Freeqyeney Spectoum of the gadellite toe Yrrterme— diode Freeqpeney sie Converesion Preoeass : Rear ies See A single downeanvers used in earth strttons excoph sometimes in fow -cash jeecaive ~onby gfodins + Fore tHe dual dewnconversia sion 15 seldomae te, consider He ist conversion eve ee Gace Clee) second! LO) @rnrer_ cos wut Cosuming wt, <4) | 20st + 1) cos WEE = IA cost” wet +27 To eos] (ude Wy )4 +2 7 The Finch bandpass Piller elecds +he Lowers gideband cos [a- wat + J, and the secen Bhat Ppel Mp cornice cas eof,t gietd> d conversion yi Cassar OU | wh wh ) aos [Cod = ta) + +9 7] Cos wie = 24 00s] Curd wote- OEE eee jot 1 Band poss Bie” PAD wes fag . Singhs Cage)' Ms Zig, Ue second Mrlerrmediale pty mat, ds fired and is déelected +o be sufficientty wi Fran the dounfink frequoney spectrusm «anus a Pera iendbass Pitter oiftibe: designed +o ener . Be toad ithe Preaquansy Spectou > and any, changes fr -tre downlink cotarier: Frequergy ot Orly a charge fn the second 10 freequry WE | Mixer. Bandposs Bordgass wae z te : wd woAth require Mize 1 Fig: Deal conversion Speattum ted Gop Pausch MAGE , Pen. | = Se es BeRigaben Fh Get A, nin Shale air —& : veya anjectourn af dural down eantersi>nTeasextiinde Mrer he and Pram —rehoonke cartel certer) and controh of ee eonth stetion Menitorosy