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Ebook Contemporary American Foreign Policy Influences Challenges and Opportunities 1St Edition Mansbach Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
Ebook Contemporary American Foreign Policy Influences Challenges and Opportunities 1St Edition Mansbach Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
1. What are some of the several forms intervention might take? What kind of intervention is
most suited for managing each of the challenges discussed in this chapter?
Sample answer: Intervention can take the form of military invasion, military or
diplomatic support, foreign economic aid, and even neglect (ignoring a country’s needs).
Historically, military intervention has been used to advance U.S. strategic interests,
particularly to maintain stability in strategically important countries and to prevent the
spread of communism during the Cold War. Military and diplomatic aid can also be used
to advance U.S. strategic interests, as it was in Nicaragua in the 1980s, and in Colombia
in the 2000s. Humanitarian and economic aid are best suited for dealing with the
challenges of poverty and underdevelopment, including health and disease. The
effectiveness of this kind of intervention is uneven, however. U.S. officials need consider
to the needs and governance practices of the recipients as well as the effect of aid on
local markets.
2. What challenges do fragile states pose for America? Should they be viewed as threats to
U.S. interests or opportunities, and what policy responses are appropriate?
Sample answer: Fragile states pose humanitarian and strategic challenges. Governments
in fragile states are unable to deliver security, rule of law, or economic security to their
populations. They cannot meet the most basic needs of their people, and U.S. values
support offering aid to improve the lives of people and to achieve economic and political
stability. Fragile states can also pose strategic dangers by being a source of regional
instability and conflict, transnational crime, and even terrorism. Fragile states can be
viewed as threats to human security and to U.S. interests, but they can also be viewed as
opportunities for the U.S. to support economic and political development.
Students should develop an argument about policy responses and support it with
evidence from the chapter. Answers should demonstrate an understanding of the need to
balance values and interests.
3. Foreign aid funding levels are an ongoing source of controversy in U.S. politics. Does
America give enough foreign aid? Explain your response.
Sample answer: The U.S. is far and away the largest donor of development aid in
absolute terms, having dispensed $32 billion in 2013. However, at 0.19 percent, the U.S.
Mansbach and Taylor, Contemporary American Foreign Policy, Edition: Instructor Resource
ranks very low among donor countries in terms of aid as a percent of national income.
Students should formulate an argument about whether the U.S. gives enough aid that
recognizes the different benchmarks. The strongest answers will also consider the value
of aid in promoting U.S. values and interests and the effectiveness of aid policy.
4. Why does global health pose such a challenge for U.S. foreign policymakers? Should
Washington focus health funding on combatting infectious disease or building health
infrastructure?
Sample answer: Global health poses a two-fold challenge: to ensure people have access
to adequate healthcare as part of a broader development strategy and to contain
outbreaks of infectious diseases. As in dealing with fragile states, U.S. policy is often
reactive, focusing on diseases/outbreaks that cause instability and that threaten to spread
to the United States. Policies that focus on building health infrastructure might result in
fewer infectious disease outbreaks, but such policies are costly, must be sustained in the
long term, and must be complemented by strategies to improve governance and economic
development.
5. What tradeoffs between values and interests are involved in the issue of refugees and
migrants? Should values or interests take priority?
Sample answer: The United States prides itself on being a nation of immigrants and a
“land of opportunity.” However, Americans also fear that immigrants take away jobs,
change the culture, and even threaten national security (if criminals or potential
terrorists are admitted). Policies that limit the number of migrants, including refugees,
conflict may not be entirely consistent with U.S. values, but they protect domestic
economic and social interests. These tradeoffs are most apparent in policies dealing with
children and families fleeing conflict in Central America and with refugees fleeing
conflict in Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
6. What evidence of aid, intervention, and neglect do you see in other issues described in
this chapter? Does any single approach dominate?
Sample answer: Students will need to formulate a response that recognizes that aid,
intervention, and even neglect are apparent in all the issues discussed in this chapter. It
is a constant challenge in U.S. foreign policy to determine how much and what kind of
“intervention” is appropriate in relations with the Global South. If intervention is very
broadly construed (even to include aid), then it is likely to dominate. However, if
intervention is understood narrowly as military intervention, then students may argue
that aid or neglect are dominant.
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“I suppose we do enjoy things better when we have to work for
them,” said old Mrs. Granby. “We rush round helter skelter, get our
puddings shaken up and our nice crisp pie-crust jammed and
broken, and eat biscuits that have been spread for three hours, and
a bite of cold meat, and after we have gone home to think it over it
seems ever so much better than a great dinner.”
“The good-fellowship adds. I never go on a picnic but I think of the
Apostles having all things in common;” returned Miss Oldways.
“Yes,” said papa, “they gave of their time and interest, and love, as
well. It was not merely a little money. They brought in the whole
family and bestowed with the open-handed tenderness that blesses
the giver as well.”
I heard snatches of their talk as I ran onward, and snatches of
other talk. Here were sandwiches dripping with jelly, that had
somehow been upturned in the basket.
“Jelly is fashionable with meats,” suggested some one.
“There! I haven’t put in a single spoon. And I took the trouble to tie
red threads around each handle, then left them on the dresser. That
was smart!”
“We will reverse the order of things and have two creams with one
spoon, the second to wait until the first is served.”
“Is every plate used? Let’s count. All the elders must come first—
thirty, thirty-one, and the young girls wait on the table—thirty-eight—
it is but fair that their mothers should have the best once in a while.
Sixty-one! Now ring the bell.”
They filled up the first table, putting a little child in here and there.
The tea and coffee steamed out their appetizing fragrance, and as
we had no vases, we placed mounds of fern, grasses and wild
flowers on the table. Every body ate and drank and had a good time.
The dishes were washed, wiped, and put on again, the children
summoned, and after a while all had been feasted. Then there was a
general clearing away, except at one end of the long table where the
fragments were collected for those who might get hungry by and by.
“ Sweets to the Sweet.” Page 181.
CHAPTER X.