IS GETTING RID OF GARBAGE BY THROWING IT AWAY SEEMS LIKE THE

EASIEST THING TO DO.

RECYCLING GARBAGE
•ALTERNATIVE FORM OF GETTING RID OF USED
3 R’S
MATERIALS.
•INSTEAD OF PUTTING USED MATERIALS IN A
LANDFILL, IT IS PROCESSED AND MADE INTO NEW
ITEMS.
•EVERYTHING FROM PAPER TO PLASTIC TO
BATTERIES TO BE RECYCLED AND MADE INTO
SOMETHING USEFUL AGAIN.

REUSE
•INSTEAD OF CAREFULLY DISCARDING ITEMS THAT
CAN BE RECYCLED TO MAKE NEW PRODUCTS,
REUSE INVOLVES USING THE ITEMS IN ANOTHER
WAY, WHEN THEIR PRIMARY USE IS FINISHED.
•THIS REUSE EXTENDS THE LIFE CYCLE OF AN
ITEM, WHICH MAY EVENTUALLY BE DISCARDED,
BUT IN THE MEANTIME, IS USEFUL AND REMAINS IN
CIRCULATION INSTEAD OF GRACING THE TOP OF A
GARBAGE PILE IN A LANDFILL.
• IT IS PREFERABLE THAT A PRODUCT BE RE-USED IN
THE SAME STATE E.G., RETURNABLE PLASTIC PAL
LETS, USING AN EMPTY GLASS JAR FOR STORING
ITEMS AND USING SECOND HAND CLOTHES.
• REUSE IS NORMALLY PREFERABLE TO RECYCLING
REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WASTE YOU CREATE
• B U Y O N LY W H AT Y O U N E E D
• B U Y P R O D U C T S T H AT C A N B E
REUSED
• BUY PRODUCTS WITH LITTLE
PA C K A G I N G
• BUY NON-TOXIC PRODUCTS
WHENEVER POSSIBLE
•Ways
R E Cto
Y CReuse
LE MOTOR PRODUCTS
 ADVANTAGES OF RE-USE
• E N E R G Y A N D R AW M AT E R I A L S AV I N G S
• REFURBISHMENT CAN BRING
S O P H I S T I C AT E D , S U S TA I N A B L E AND WELL
PA I D JOBS TO UNDERDEVELOPED
ECONOMIES
• COST S AV I N G S FOR BUSINESS AND
CONSUMERS
• SUCH ITEMS CAN BE HANDCRAFTED AND
DISADVANTAGES OF RE-USE
H AV E A P P R E C I AT E VA L U E S

• REQUIRES CLEANING AND TRANSPORT, ADDING TO

ENVIRONMENTAL COST
• SOME ITEMS LIKE FREON APPLIANCES CAN BE HAZARDOUS
AND LESS ENERGY EFFICIENT AS THEY CONTINUE TO BE
USED.
• SORTING AND PREPARING ITEMS FOR RE USE IS TIME
CONSUMING
 DIFFERENT METHODS OF RECYCLING &
DISPOSAL

• HOUSEHOLD WASTE NEEDS TO BE TUNED WHEN CONTAINERS

ARE WITHIN 75% TO 100% FULL BUT NOT OVERFLOWING.
• RECYCLABLES NEEDS TO BE SEPARATED. CHANGES IN THE
FREQUENCY OF COLLECTION ARE MADE AS NEEDED DEPENDING
ON CHANGES IN BUILDING OCCUPANCY OR USE AND TYPES AND
VOLUME OF RECYCLABLES RECOVERED.
• COMPOSTING( MANURE PIT)
• VERMICOMPOSTING
• BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
• INCINERATION
• BAILING
• LANDFILLING
SEGREGATION OF WASTE (AT SOURCE)
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
 SEGREGATION OF WASTE
SEPERATION OF REFUSE-
DEPENDS UPON THE METHOD OF DISPOSAL SYSTEMS-

•SINGLE BIN SYSTEM-

DRY AND WET IS GATHERED IN ONE BIN.

•DOUBLE BIN SYSTEM-

DRY AND WET SOLID WASTE ARE COLLECTED INTO
SEPARATE BINS.

• TRIPLE BIN SYSTEM-

IN TRIPLE BIN SYSTEM DRY SOLID WASTE IS AGAIN
SEPARATED INTO TWO BINS ON THEIR REUSABLE
PROPERTIES AND WET SOLID WASTE IS THIRD ONE.
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
•THE MAJORITY OF BANGALOREANS
PREFER TO GIVE AWAY THEIR WASTE
TO THE BBMP OR THROW IT IN AN
EMPTY PLOT. BUT, NOT GEETANJALI
SRIDHARAN.
•COMPOSTING……
•NON-RECYCLABLE TO BBMP..
WHO –Old Hospital
EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN SOME HCE DHAKA CITY (IN-HOUSE WASTE SEGREGATION AND
FINAL DISPOSAL) ORGANIZED BY PRISM BANGLADESH. THIS NEW SYSTEM HAS BEEN PRACTICED SINCE
DECEMBER 2005.
GARBAGE
 RECYCLING AND REUSE

IF AN OLD AUTOMOBILE TYRE IS RECYCLED, IT MIGHT BECOME RAW

MATERIAL FOR ROAD SURFACING OR…………
 RECYCLING AND REUSE
A GLASS CANNING JAR MIGHT BECOME RAW MATERIAL FOR
'GLASSPHALT' OR……..
 RECYCLING AND REUSE
• PLASTIC TUBS AND LIDS ARE MADE INTO FLOWERPOTS, PLASTIC
LUMBER, ROPES , MATS, PILLOWS,BAGS, SHOWPIECES
ETC..
• PLASTIC BOTTLES ARE RECYCLED INTO POLYESTER YARN FOR CARPET,
CLOTHING OR PACKAGING
• OLD NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES ARE RECYCLED INTO NEW
ONES…. BY PAPER PULP PROCESS
• HARDBOARD ARE USED FOR PRODUCTS LIKE EGG CARTONS
• ALUMINUM, SUCH AS SOFT DRINK CANS, IS MADE INTO ALUMINUM
SHEETING FOR THE AUTO TRADE AND GENERAL USE
• STEEL CANS ARE MADE INTO STEEL CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
• JUICE BOXES/ TETRA PACKS ARE USED FOR PAPER TOWEL AND
TISSUE PRODUCTION
 COLLECTION
AUTOMATED VACUUM WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM

ALSO KNOWN AS PNEUMATIC REFUSE COLLECTION,

OR AUTOMATED VACUUM COLLECTION (AVAC) SYSTEM

TRANSPORTS WASTE AT HIGH SPEED THROUGH UNDERGROUND

TUNNELS TO A COLLECTION STATION

FURTHER IT IS COMPACTED AND SEALED IN CONTAINERS

 ADVANTAGES
• REDUCED CONGESTION
• NOISE AND EMISSIONS FROM TRUCKS
• PESTS
• IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS FOR BUILDING AND SANITATION
EMPLOYEES
• IMPROVING AND EXPANDING SOURCE SEPARATION OF WASTE
• REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF SPACE NEEDED FOR STORING AND
REMOVING WASTE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BUILDINGS
• SINCE PNEUMATIC TRANSFER STATIONS ONLY PROCESS WASTE
GENERATED WITHIN THEIR NETWORK THEY INVITE EXPANDED
COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY AND CONTROL
 DISADVANTAGES

• EACH TYPE OF SOLID WASTE CAN NOT BE COLLECTED

• NOT COST EFFECTIVE IN LOW DENSITY AREAS.
• BULK WASTES: APPLIANCES, FURNITURE, ETC. CAN'T BE FED
INTO A TUBE THE WAY THEY ARE FED INTO THE BACK OF A
GARBAGE TRUCK.
• AND THERE IS THE ISSUE OF HOW MUCH TO INCLUDE. FOR
EXAMPLE, BARCELONA CHOSE ONLY ORGANICS AND
REFUSE.
• RECYCLABLES ARE LESS VOLATILE AND PICK UPS ARE LESS
FREQUENT SO THE CITY DECIDED TO CONTINUE
COLLECTING THEM BY TRUCK. THESE DECISIONS TEND TO
HAVE MORE TO DO WITH LOCAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
POLICY THAN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS.
The transportation of waste is the movement of waste over a specific
area by trains, tankers, trucks, barges, or other vehicles.

The types of wastes that may be transported range from municipal

garbage to radioactive or hazardous wastes.

Hazardous wastes may be transported to be treated, stored, or disposed

of. Facilities that generate hazardous waste are required to prepare a
shipping document, or "manifest," to accompany the waste as it is
transported from the site of generation. This manifest must accompany
the waste until its final destination and is used to track the wastes from
cradle-to-grave.
GARBAGE TRUCK
Garbage truck refers to a truck specially designed to collect
small quantities of waste and haul the collected waste to a
solid waste treatment facility.

Technical names
include waste collection
vehicle and refuse
collection vehicle.
These trucks are a
common sight in most
urban areas.
TYPES OF WASTE COLLECTION VEHICLE

• Front loaders
• Rear loaders
• Side loaders
• Pneumatic collection
• Grapple trucks
 Front loaders

The truck is equipped with automated forks on the front which the driver carefully
aligns with sleeves on the waste container using a jostick or a sets of level

The waste container is then lifted over the truck

Once it gets to the top the container is then flipped upside down and the waste
or recyclable material is emptied into the vehicle's hopper.

Once the waste is dumped, it is compacted by a hydraulically-powered

moving wall that oscillates backwards and forwards to push the waste to the
rear of the vehicle.
Rear loaders

Rear loaders have an opening

at the rear that waste
collectorcan throw waste bags
or empty the content of bins
into

Side loaders

These trucks are loaded from the side,

either manually, or with the assistance of
an automated lift.

Lift-equipped trucks are referred to as

automated side loaders.
Pneumatic collection

Pneumatic collection trucks have a

crane with a tube and a mouthpiece that
fits in a hole, usually hidden under a
plate under the street.

The system usually allows the driver to

"pick up" the waste, even if the access
is blocked by cars, snow or other
barriers.

Grapple trucks
enable the collection of bulk waste.

branches, logs) are called bulky waste or

"oversized." The preferred method for
collecting these items is with a grapple
truck.
 DISPOSAL METHODS
LANDFILL
IT IS THE PROCESS OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE BY BURYING THEM
UNDER THE EARTH.

COMPOSTING
IT IS A MOST WIDELY USED DISPOSAL TECHNIQUE. IT IS THE
PROCESS OF BURYING OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE AND
RECYCLING THE ORGANIC WASTE INTO A NEW SOIL WHICH CAN BE
USED FOR LANDSCAPING AND GROWING VEGETABLES.
BENEFITS OF COMPOSTING
• KEEPS ORGANIC WASTES OUT OF LANDFILLS.
• PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE SOIL.
• INCREASES BENEFICIAL SOIL ORGANISMS
• REDUCES THE NEED FOR FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES.
• PROTECTS SOILS FROM EROSION.

INCINERATION
INCINERATION IS A PROCESS OF BURNING OF WASTE MATERIAL AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES. IT REDUCES A WEIGHT OF THE WASTE BY
TWO THIRDS AND ITS VOLUME BY 90%. CAUSES LOT OF AIR
POLLUTION AND RELEASES POISONOUS CHEMICALS INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE. SOME OF THE INCINERATION PLANTS WERE USED IN
INDIA BUT DUE TO HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE IT IS NOT USED
NOWADAYS.
OCEAN DUMPING
OCEAN DUMPING IS THE DUMPING OF
GARBAGE, CONSTRUCTION AND SEWAGE
SLUDGE, DREDGE MATERIAL, AND WASTE
CHEMICALS, INTO THE OCEAN. OCEAN
DUMPING MAY BE REGULATED AND
CONTROLLED IN CERTAIN CASES, WHILE
SOME SHIPS AND TANKERS DUMP
HAPHAZARDLY AND ILLEGALLY WITHIN
COASTAL WATERS. SHOULD NOT BE
PREFERED BECAUSE IT MAKES THE
OCEAN WATER DIRTY.
PLOUGHING TO FIELDS
THE WASTE CAN BE BURIED
INTO THE FIELDS OF FARMERS AND
AFTER SOME TIME THEY SHOULD BE
ALLOWED TO PLOUGH THEIR FIELD FOR
FARMING.
 GRINDING AND DISCHARGING TO SEWER

• NOT COMMON IN INDIA

• USED IN AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES
• REFUSE IS WELL GRINDED IN HOUSE OR COMMERCIAL
GRINDERS AND IS DISCHARGED IN THE SEWER.
• THIS METHOD LEAVES THE PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL OF
RESIDUAL REFUSE 85-90% AS UNSOLVED BECAUSE IT IS
MIXED IN THE SEWAGE
AUROVILLE
• AUROVILLE’S ECO-SERVICE OPERATES A PRIMARY WASTE
COLLECTION AND RECYCLING
• OPERATION THAT SERVICES ALL OF AUROVILLES’ COMMUNITIES,
BUSINESS AND SERVICE UNITS

• EACH WEEK THE COLLECTORS PICK UP NON-ORGANIC RESIDUAL

WASTE AND RECYCLABLE
• MATERIAL FROM APPROXIMATELY 800 TENEMENTS IN THE
AUROVILLE AREA. COLLECTION
• VEHICLES COMPRISE A PEDAL RICKSHAW (ARUMUGAM) AND A
BULLOCK CART
• (NARAYANAN).
 AUROVILLE
• AT EACH COMMUNITY OR TENEMENT THERE IS A DESIGNATED AREA
WHERE MIXED AND
• SEPARATED MATERIAL IS STORED IN 75 OR 200 LITRE PLASTIC OR
STEEL CONTAINERS.
• AUROVILLIANS ARE CHARGED ON A USER PAYS BASIS WHERE A
BAG OF UNSEPARATED
• MATERIAL IS CHARGED AT RS 20 AND A SEPARATED BAG OF
MATERIAL IS CHARGED AT RS. 10
• PER BAG FOR COLLECTION.
AUROVILLE WASTE AVOIDANCE
• AVOID GENERATING UNNECESSARY WASTE.

• NJAL (CENTRE FIELD) HAS DEVELOPED A

• CLOTH BAG DEPOSIT SERVICE IN ORDER TO ELIMINATE PLASTIC
CARRY BAGS FROM AUROVILLE.
Biodegradable waste
 BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

Biodegradable waste is a Type of waste,

typically originating from Plant or Animal
sources, which may be broken down by other
living organisms.

Waste that cannot be broken down by other

living organisms may be called non-
biodegradable.
 BMW (biodegradable municipal waste)

Waste food, garden, paper and paperboard, textiles, wood , oil ,fat
and other miscellaneous are biodegradable wastes
sources such as commerce and trade activities, office buildings,
institutions ,hotels , industries and small businesses. etc.
 THE PREFERRED OPTIONS FOR
DEALING WITH BMW ARE:
 prevention and minimisation – avoiding generating the waste
 recycling – mainly of paper and cardboard but also of textiles
 biological treatment – mainly of kitchen and garden waste
including composting
 residual treatment – thermal treatment with energy recovery or by
way of mechanical-biological treatment.
The Strategy sets specific objectives for the contributions that each of these
measures will contribute to the achievement of the 2016 target for diversion of
BMW from landfill. It proposes that, by 2016, recycling (principally of paper and
cardboard waste which cannot be reused) will divert 875,371 tonnes (38.6%)
from landfill with biological treatment (mainly food and garden waste)
contributing 442,129 tonnes (19.5%) to the overall target with thermal treatment
diverting 499,762 tonnes (22%) of residual waste.
CASE STUDY ON NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands has achieved high

landfill diversion rates with a
significant decrease in quantities of
BMW landfilled between 1995 (28 %)
and 1998 (13 %) mainly through an
increased reliance on incineration (26
% in 1995 to 37 % in 1998). The
Netherlands also has widespread
separate collection and recovery of
specific materials, in particular, paper,
food and garden waste;
 THE NETHERLANDS
 Although the quantity of household waste increased by 13.4 %
between 1995 and 1998 in the Netherlands,
 the quantities of biodegradable municipal waste being consigned
to landfill decreased by more than 50 % over this three-year
period.
 The Netherlands has, for many years, had a low reliance on
landfill and employs a range of treatment options for the
management of BMW.
 In 1998, the year for which the most recent data is available, 13.1
% of biodegradable waste from households was consigned to
landfill, 36.5 % was consigned to incineration with energy
recovery, 33.3 % consigned to composting and 19 % to recycling.
KEY STRATEGIES AND INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE
NETHERLANDS INCLUDE:

 waste prevention and minimisation

 producer responsibility

 high level of separate collection

 ban on the landfilling of biodegradable wastes

 standards for compost quality and use

 landfill and incineration taxes • other fiscal measures.

BMW waste flow for the
NETHERLAND IN 1995
BMW waste flow for the NETHERLAND IN 1998
EXISTING COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF
BMW IN THE NETHERLANDS
FUTURE PROJECTIONS
LANDFILL DIRECTIVE TARGETS AND CAPACITY
REQUIREMENTS
Thank