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Introduction to Information Systems
16th Edition Marakas Test Bank

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06
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. A change in technology often induces social, political, and economic system changes long before a
critical mass of users is reached.
True False
2. The telecommunications industry has changed from a deregulated market to government-regulated
monopolies.
True False
3. Middleware is an essential component of any IT infrastructure because it allows disparate systems to be
isolated.
True False
4. Business-to-business electronic commerce websites can be used by businesses to establish strategic
relationships with their customers and suppliers.
True False
5. The Internet has a central computer system that is the most powerful in the world.
True False
6. The Internet provides electronic discussion forums and bulletin board systems that are formed and
managed by special-interest newsgroups.
True False
7. Booking a reservation over the Internet costs an airline about 50 percent less than booking the same
reservation over the telephone.
True False
8. An intranet is a network inside an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like
environment within the enterprise.
True False
9. Intranets seldom have much impact on communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
True False
10. Software that is installed on intranet Web servers can be accessed by employees within the company or
by external business partners who are using Web browsers, if access is allowed by the company.
True False
11. If access to data is not restricted with passwords and other security mechanisms, the integrity of the data
can be easily compromised.
True False
12. An extranet is a network inside a company that uses Internet technologies to provide a private Internet-
like network environment to the firm.
True False
13. Web browser technology makes customer and supplier access of intranet resources a lot easier and faster
than with previous business methods.
True False
14. A client/server network of several interconnected local area networks can replace a large mainframe-
based network with many end user terminals.
True False
15. The network-centric concept views the PC as the central computing resource of any computing
environment.
True False
16. In the central server architecture of P2P networking, the P2P software connects your PC to a central
server with the directory of all users of the network.
True False
17. In the pure peer-to-peer architecture of P2P networking, the P2P software connects your PC to a central
True False
18. The Internet, as originally conceived in the late 1960s, was a pure peer-to-peer system.8
True False
19. The unique achievement of Napster was the empowerment of the peers, in association with a central
index, to quickly and efficiently locate available content.
True False
20. Output from analog devices must be converted into digital form in order to input it into a computer.
True False
21. Today, ordinary telephone wire is the least used medium for telecommunications.
True False
22. Newly developed optical routers will be able to send optical signals up to 2,500 miles without
regeneration.
True False
23. Communications satellites can use microwave radio as their telecommunications medium.
True False
24. PCS phone systems cost substantially more to operate and use than cellular systems, but have lower
power consumption requirements.
True False
25. Wi-Fi is faster and less expensive than Standard Ethernet and other common wire-based LAN
technologies.
True False
26. A Bluetooth chip is designed to replace cables; it takes the information normally carried by a cable and
transmits it to a receiver Bluetooth chip.
True False
27. In frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a multiplexer effectively divides one high-speed channel into
multiple high-speed channels.
True False
28. Multiplexers work to increase the number of transmissions possible, while also increasing the number of
physical data channels.
True False
29. Telecommunications and network management software can reside in communications processors, such
as multiplexers and routers.
True False
30. Mainframe-based wide area networks frequently use telecommunications monitors or teleprocessing
monitors.
True False
31. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was officially adapted as an international standard by the
International Organization of Standards (ISO).
True False
32. The Internet uses a system of telecommunications protocols that have become so widely used that they
are now accepted as a network architecture.
True False
33. An IP address is expressed as four decimal numbers separated by periods, such as 127.154.95.6.
True False
34. IP addressing can identify a particular PC connected to the Internet, but not the network to which it is
attached.
True False
35. Skype software allows telephone conversations through a PC and over the Internet instead of a separate
phone connection.
True False
36. Each IP address is divided into three address classes, which are A, B, and C. Class C addresses are
normally owned by large Internet service providers or major corporations.
True False
37. New technologies are extending IP addresses beyond computers to TVs, toasters, and coffeemakers.
True False
38. Developed to work Internet2, IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 256 bits to support more
levels of the address hierarchy.
True False
39. IPv6 supports over 300 trillion trillion trillion addresses.
True False
40. Voice over IP is a technology that allows a remote worker to function as if he or she were directly
connected to a regular telephone network, even while at home or in a remote office.
True False
41. Skype users can call to any non-computer-based landline or mobile telephone in the world for just
pennies a minute.
True False
42. "Bandwidth" is typically measured in characters per second (CPS).
True False
43. Narrow-band channels typically use microwave, fiber optics, or satellite transmission.
True False
44. Frame relay technology is slower than X.25 and not as well suited to handle the heavy communications
traffic of interconnected local area networks.
True False
45. Although we tend to think of the FCC as the oversight body for radio and television, it is equally involved
in all aspects of data and voice communications.
True False
46. Regular telephone service relies on Packet Switching, while the Internet relies on Circuit Switching.
True False
47. Packet Switching involves dividing a message into multiple packets which are transmitted over a network
to the receiver.
True False
48. The Internet is owned by the government of the United States.
True False
49. Telecommunications and network technologies are internetworking and revolutionizing
_______________.
A. business and society
B. business and globalization
C. society and politics
D. globalization and politics
50. Which of the following statements best defines a network?
A. The usefulness or utility that comes from linking computers together
B. An interrelated or interconnected chain, group, or system
C. Computers linked together via cabling or wireless technology
D. A group of individuals linked via hardware and software
51. A network with 100 nodes has 9,900 possible connections. A network with 1,000 nodes has
_______________ possible connections.
A. 9,900,000
B. 999,000
C. 99,000
D. over one million
52. Metcalfe's law states that:
A. The usefulness or utility of a network equals the square of the number of users
B. More network nodes equals more usefulness to network members
C. Networks with too many nodes rapidly lose their effectiveness
D. The usefulness or utility of a network equals the number of users times the number of nodes
53. A change in technology induces social, political, and economic system changes _______________.
A. long before a critical mass of users is reached.
B. before the technology is well understood.
C. only after a critical mass of users is reached.
D. when it is used as a political tool by radical countries.
54. The telecommunications industry has changed _______________.
A. from a deregulated market to government-regulated monopolies.
B. not at all since 1900.
C. from government-regulated monopolies to a deregulated market.
D. none of the above.
55. Open systems are a recent telecommunications trend. Open systems:
A. Use common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking
B. Create a computing environment that is easily accessed by end users and their networked computer
systems
C. Provide greater connectivity, and a high degree of network interoperability
D. All of the choices are correct.
56. Programming that serves to "glue together" or mediate between two separate, and usually already
existing, programs is known as _______________.
A. front-line software
B. software handshaking
C. middleware
D. back-line software
57. Local and global telecommunications networks are rapidly converting to digital transmission
technologies. Digital technology provides all of the following benefits over analog technology except:
A. Much lower error rates
B. Equivalent transmission speeds
C. Movement of larger amounts of information
D. Greater economy
58. Telecommunications networks now play vital and pervasive roles in Web-enabled
_______________.
A. e-business processes
B. electronic commerce
C. enterprise collaboration
59. Which of the following statements regarding Internet2 is true?
A. Internet2, like the first Internet, is open to all users
B. Internet2 uses the same infrastructure as the current Internet, so it will be easy to learn
C. The purpose of Internet2 is to build a roadmap that can be followed during the next stage of innovation
for the current Internet
D. Internet2 will someday replace the original Internet
60. Most of the institutions and commercial partners on the Internet2 network are connected via
_______________, a network backbone that will soon support throughput of 10 Gbps.
A. Abilene
B. Phoenix
C. Enterprise
D. Indiana
61. Traveling salespeople and those at regional sales offices can use the Internet, extranets, and other
networks to transmit customer orders from their laptop or desktop PCs, thus breaking _______________
barriers.
A. physical
B. competition
C. structural
D. geographic
62. Telecommunications-based business applications can help a company overcome all of the following
barriers to business success except:
A. Time barriers
B. Geographic barriers
C. Human resource barriers
D. Cost barriers
63. All of the following statements about the Internet revolution are true except:
A.The Internet has become the largest and most important network today, and has evolved into a global
information superhighway
B. The central computer system of the Internet is the most powerful communications center in the world
C. The Internet is constantly expanding, as more and more businesses and other organizations join its
global web
D. The Internet does not have a headquarters or governing body
64. Which of the following statements regarding Internet Service Providers is correct?
A. ISPs provide individuals and organizations with access to the Internet for a fee
B. ISPs are independent organizations; they have no connection to one another
C. ISPs are no longer necessary for access to the Internet
D. ISPs provide a direct connection between a company's networks and the Internet
65. ISPs are connected to one another through network _______________.
A. touch points
B. portals
C. access points
D. hubs
66. Which of the following is a key business use of the Internet?
A. Internet websites for interactive marketing and electronic commerce
B. E-mail, file transfer, and discussion forums
C. Intranet links with remote employee sites
67. Applications that use the Internet and Internet-based technologies are typically less expensive to
_______________ than traditional systems.
A. develop
B. operate
C. maintain
68. Most companies are building e-business and e-commerce websites to achieve all of the following goals
except:
A. Generate new revenue from online sales
B. Increase foot traffic at brick and mortar locations
C. Reduce transaction costs
D. Increase the loyalty of existing customers via Web customer service and support
69. An _______________ is a network inside an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an
Internet-like environment within the enterprise.
A. extranet
B. omninet
C. intranet
D. none of the above
70. An _______________ is a network link that uses Internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a
business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or other business partners.
A. extranet
B. omninet
C. intranet
71. The use of an intranet in an organization _______________.
A. can significantly improve communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
B. can significantly hinder communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
C. has no effect communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
D. is only possible if the organization is using WiFi.
72. All of the following would typically be supported by an organization's intranet information portal
except:
A. Communication and collaboration
B. Business operations and management
C. Web publishing
D. Recruitment
73. The comparative _______________ of publishing and accessing multimedia business information
internally via intranet websites has been one of the primary reasons for the explosive growth in the use of
intranets in business.
A. attractiveness
B. lower cost
C. ease
74. Based on the information presented in the text, telecommunications terminals are best described as:
A. Any input/output device that uses telecommunications networks to transmit or receive data, including
telephones
B. Devices that support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers
C. Channels over which data are transmitted and received
D. Programs that control telecommunications activities and manage the functions of telecommunications
networks
75. The text lists five basic categories of components in a telecommunications network. One of these
categories includes telecommunications processors, which:
A. Support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers
B. Are channels over which data are transmitted and received
C. Consist of programs that control telecommunications activities and manage the functions of
telecommunications networks
D. Include input/output terminals
76. The five basic categories of components in a telecommunications network include:
A. Protocols, telecommunications channels, computers, telecommunications control software, and
modems
B. Terminals, telecommunications processors, telecommunications channels, computers, and
telecommunications control software
C. Terminals, telecommunications channels, computers, and modems
D. Terminals, telecommunications processors, computers, modems, and protocols
77. A network that covers a large geographic distance, such as a state or a country, is considered a
_______________ network.
A. client/server
B. local area
C. small area
D. wide area
78. Which of the following best describes a local area network?
A. A network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city or state
B. A network that connects computers within a limited physical area, such as inside a single building
C. A network that covers no more than a single state
D. A private network that uses the Internet as its main backbone
79. To communicate over a network, each PC usually has a circuit board called a _______________.
A. printed circuit card
B. modem
C. router
D. network interface card
80. All of the following statements about a virtual private network are correct except:
A. Uses the Internet as its main backbone network
B Connects the intranets of a company's different locations, or establishes extranet links between a
. company and its customers, suppliers, and business partners
C. Relies on modem, twisted-pair wire, and router technology
D. Relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other security features to provide a secure network
81. All the following describe a VPN except:
A. A VPN uses the Internet as its main backbone network.
B. A VPN relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other Internet and intranet security features.
C. A VPN uses the Internet to establish secure intranets between its distant offices and locations.
D. A VPN is available for use by anyone with access to the Internet.
82. Older, traditional mainframe-based business information systems are called _______________
systems.
A. historical
B. standard
C. legacy
D. application
83. Most Linux distributions are released via BitTorrent to help with _______________ needs.
A. security
B. bandwidth
C. user registration
D. file compression
84. The Internet, as originally conceived in the late 1960's was a _______________ system.
A. client-server
B. central server
C. pure peer-to-peer
D. peer-to-peer
85. In telecommunications networks, twisted-pair wire:
A. Is the least commonly used medium
B. Facilitates mobile data communication
C. Is used for both voice and data transmission
D. Is commonly laid on the floors of lakes and oceans
86. A communications medium that consists of one or more central wires surrounded by thick insulation is
called _______________ cable.
A. coaxial
B. fiber optic
C. twisted-pair
D. packet-transmission
87. Compared to coaxial cable, standard twisted-pair telephone lines:
A. Support lower data transmission speeds
B. Are virtually the same as coaxial cable in speed and service provided
C. Have less interference and distortion because of their insulation
D. None of the choices are correct.
88. Fiber optics uses cables consisting of one or more hair-thin filaments of __________ fiber wrapped in a
protective jacket.
A. glass
B. plastic
C. ceramic
D. nylon
89. Fiber optics are regarded as the communications media of the future, primarily due to its
_______________.
A. availability
B. greater speed and capacity
C. lower installation costs
D. greater compatibility with existing communications media
90. As it relates to telecommunications media, the problem of the last mile is:
A. A low voltage drop at the end of the line
B. Tying into older technology
C. Finding the money to complete the project
91. Which of the following technologies transmits data at the fastest rate?
A. Modem
B. Cable modem
C. ISDN
D. Home satellite
92. An internetworking unit that connects networks based on different protocols is a _______________.
A. bridge
B. router
C. gateway
D. hub
93. In a telecommunications network, a hub is a communications processor that:
A. Connects two LANS based on the same network standards or protocols
B. Connects different communications architectures
C. Facilitates port switching
94. In a telecommunications network, a gateway is a communications processor that:
A. Is used for port switching
C. Connects two LANS based on the same network standards or protocols
D. Connects LANs to Wi-Fi networks
95. In telecommunications networks, multiplexers:
A. Convert digital signals to analog and vice versa
B. Allow a single communications channel to carry multiple simultaneous data transmissions
C. Include bridges, routers, hubs, and gateways, which interconnect a local area network with other local
and wide area networks
D. Make connections between communications circuits in a network
96. Network management package functions include all of the following except:
A. Managing network resources and traffic to avoid congestion
B. Providing security
C. Informing network administrators of potential problems before they occur
D. All of the choices are functions of network management packages.
97. Security is a top concern of network management today, so telecommunications software must provide all
of the following except:
A. Authentication
B. Encryption
C. Firewalls
D. Central processing
98. A network configuration that consists of a central computer system with a number of smaller computers
tied directly to it, but not to each other, is a _______________ network.
A. bus
B. ring
C. central processing
D. star
99. Which of the following best describes how star, ring, and bus networks differ?
A. Performance and reliability
B. Performance, reliability, and cost
C. Reliability and cost
D. Performance and cost
100.A(n) _______________ is a standard set of rules and procedures for the control of communication in a
network.
A. amplification
B. algorithm
C. protocols
D. transponders
101.Which one of the following statements regarding a telecommunications network is false?
A. A protocol is a standard set of rules and procedures for the control of communications in a network
B. The communications control information needed for "handshaking" between terminals and computers
is a protocol
C. A protocol deals with the control of data transmission/reception in a network
D. Protocols are not applicable to hardware, such as cables and modems
102.The _______________ layer in an OSI model provides communications services for end users.
A. application
B. data link
C. network
D. transport
103.In an OSI model, the _______________ layer does the routing and forwarding.
A. physical
B. data link
C. network
D. application
104.When IP was first standardized, the specification required that each system attached to the Internet be
assigned a unique, _______________ Internet address value.
A. 4-bit
B. 8-bit
C. 16-bit
D. 32-bit
105.All of the following statements regarding Internet telephony are correct except:
A. It is often referred to as voice over IP or VOIP
B. It involves using an Internet connection to pass voice data using IP instead of a standard public
telephone network
C. It incurs standard long-distance telephone call charges
D. It demands a very well-configured network to run smoothly
106.Communications channels such as microwave, fiber optics, or satellite transmission that provide high-
speed transmission rates typically use _______________ channels.
A. broadband
B. narrow-band
C. wireless
D. voice-band
107.ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is an emerging high-capacity __________ switching technology.
A. node
B. packet
C. cell
D. network
108.VoIP works by digitizing a voice signal, chopping it into __________, and then sending them over a
company's computer network or the Internet, much like data or email.
A. bits
B. packets
C. characters
D. waves
109.IPv4, the current Internet addressing protocol, can accommodate about _______________ addresses.
A. 4 trillion
B. 4 billion
C. 4 million
D. None of the above
110._______________ systems are information systems that use common standards for hardware, software,
applications, and networking.
________________________________________
111.Open systems provide greater _______________. That is, the ability of networked computers and other
devices to easily access and communicate with each other and share information.
________________________________________
112.Internet2 is all about high-speed telecommunications and infinite _______________.
________________________________________
113.We can think of the _______________ as a network made up of millions of smaller, private networks,
each with the ability to operate independent of, or in harmony with, all the other millions of connected
networks.
________________________________________
114.Companies can create private secure Internet links between themselves, called _______________ private
networks.
________________________________________
115.A communications network is any arrangement where a sender transmits a message to a receiver over a
_______________, consisting of some type of medium.
________________________________________
116.Devices such as modems, switches, and routers, which support data transmission and reception between
terminals and computers, are known as telecommunications _______________.
________________________________________
117.Thin clients provide a browser-based user interface for processing small application programs called
_______________.
________________________________________
118.Network computing is sometimes called a _______________ client/server model, because it consists of
thin clients, application servers, and database servers.
________________________________________
119.The terms analog and _______________ refer to the methods used to convert information into an
electrical signal so that it can be transmitted or processed.
________________________________________
120.If the temperature being measured by an electronic analog thermometer is 83 degrees, the analog system
would put out __________ volts.
________________________________________
121.Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) can split a strand of glass fiber into _____ channels, which
enables each strand to carry 5 million calls.
________________________________________
122.Terrestrial microwave involves earthbound microwave systems that transmit high-speed
_______________ signals in a line-of-sight path between relay stations spaced approximately 30 miles
apart.
________________________________________
123.All cellular and PCS telephone systems divide a geographic area into small areas, or __________,
typically from one to several square miles in area.
________________________________________
124.Smart telephones, pagers, PDAs, and other portable communications devices have become very thin
clients in _______________ networks.
________________________________________
125.The WAP standard specifies how Web pages in HTML and XML are translated into a wireless markup
language (WML) by __________ software.
________________________________________
126._______________ are the most common type of communications processor.
________________________________________
127.A modem converts digital signals into analog frequencies and then back again. This process is known as
modulation and _______________.
________________________________________
128.The main idea in OSI is that the process of communication between two endpoints in a
telecommunication network can be divided into _______________.
________________________________________
129.The first part of an Internet address identifies the network on which the host resides, while the second part
identifies the particular __________ on the given network.
________________________________________
130.Regular telephone service relies on circuit _______________, in which a switch opens a circuit to
establish a link between a sender and receiver. It remains open until the communication session is
completed.
________________________________________
131.In the X.25 protocol, packets are _____ characters long, while in frame relay technology they are of
variable length.
________________________________________
06 Key
1. A change in technology often induces social, political, and economic system changes long before a
(p. 221) critical mass of users is reached.
FALSE
Until a critical mass of users is reached, a change in technology only affects the technology.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Identify several major developments and trends in the industries; technologies; and business applications of telecommunications and
Internet technologies.
Marakas - Chapter 06 #1
2. The telecommunications industry has changed from a deregulated market to government-regulated
(p. 221- monopolies.
222)
FALSE
The opposite is true; the telecommunications industry has gone from government-regulated
monopolies to a deregulated market.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
3. Middleware is an essential component of any IT infrastructure because it allows disparate systems to
(p. 222) be isolated.
FALSE
Middleware is an essential component of any IT infrastructure because it allows disparate systems to

be joined together in a common framework.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 06-06 Explain the functions of major components of telecommunications network hardware; software; media; and services.
4. Business-to-business electronic commerce websites can be used by businesses to establish strategic
(p. 225) relationships with their customers and suppliers.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-04 Provide examples of the business value of Internet; intranet; and extranet applications.
5. The Internet has a central computer system that is the most powerful in the world.
(p. 225) FALSE
The Internet has no central computer system or telecommunications center.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
6. The Internet provides electronic discussion forums and bulletin board systems that are formed and
(p. 226) managed by special-interest newsgroups.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
7. Booking a reservation over the Internet costs an airline about 50 percent less than booking the same
(p. 228) reservation over the telephone.
FALSE
Booking a reservation over the Internet costs an airline about 90 percent less than booking the same
reservation over the telephone.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
8. An intranet is a network inside an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an Internet-
(p. 229) like environment within the enterprise.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
9. Intranets seldom have much impact on communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
(p. 230) FALSE
Intranets can significantly improve communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
10. Software that is installed on intranet Web servers can be accessed by employees within the
(p. 231) company or by external business partners who are using Web browsers, if access is allowed by the
company.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
11. If access to data is not restricted with passwords and other security mechanisms, the integrity of the
(p. 231) data can be easily compromised.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
12. An extranet is a network inside a company that uses Internet technologies to provide a private
(p. 232) Internet-like network environment to the firm.
FALSE
An intranet does this.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
13. Web browser technology makes customer and supplier access of intranet resources a lot easier and
(p. 232) faster than with previous business methods.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
14. A client/server network of several interconnected local area networks can replace a large mainframe-
(p. 242) based network with many end user terminals.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-07 Explain the concept of client/server networking.
15. The network-centric concept views the PC as the central computing resource of any computing
(p. 242) environment.
FALSE
The network-centric concept views networks as the central computing resource of any computing
environment.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 06-05 Identify the basic components; functions; and types of telecommunications networks used in business.
16. In the central server architecture of P2P networking, the P2P software connects your PC to a central
(p. 243) server with the directory of all users of the network.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-08 Understand the two forms of peer-to-peer networking.
17. In the pure peer-to-peer architecture of P2P networking, the P2P software connects your PC to a
(p. 243) central server with the directory of all users of the network.
FALSE
In the central server architecture of P2P networking, the P2P software connects your PC to a central
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
18. The Internet, as originally conceived in the late 1960s, was a pure peer-to-peer system.8
(p. 244) FALSE
The Internet was conceived as a peer-to-peer system.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
19. The unique achievement of Napster was the empowerment of the peers, in association with a central
(p. 244) index, to quickly and efficiently locate available content.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
20. Output from analog devices must be converted into digital form in order to input it into a
(p. 245) computer.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-09 Explain the difference between digital and analog signals.
21. Today, ordinary telephone wire is the least used medium for telecommunications.
(p. 246) FALSE
Ordinary telephone wire is still the most widely used medium for telecommunication.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-10 Identify the various transmission media and topologies used in telecommunications networks.
22. Newly developed optical routers will be able to send optical signals up to 2,500 miles without
(p. 246) regeneration.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
23. Communications satellites can use microwave radio as their telecommunications medium.
(p. 247) TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-11 Understand the fundamentals of wireless network technologies.
24. PCS phone systems cost substantially more to operate and use than cellular systems, but have lower
(p. 248) power consumption requirements.
FALSE
PCS phone systems cost substantially less to operate and use than cellular system, and they have lower
power consumption requirements.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
25. Wi-Fi is faster and less expensive than Standard Ethernet and other common wire-based LAN
(p. 299) technologies.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
26. A Bluetooth chip is designed to replace cables; it takes the information normally carried by a cable
(p. 249) and transmits it to a receiver Bluetooth chip.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
27. In frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a multiplexer effectively divides one high-speed channel
(p. 252) into multiple high-speed channels.
FALSE
A multplexer divides a high-speed channel into multiple slow-speed channels.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
28. Multiplexers work to increase the number of transmissions possible, while also increasing the number
(p. 253) of physical data channels.
FALSE
Multiplexers work to increase the number of transmissions possible without increasing the number of
physical data channels.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
29. Telecommunications and network management software can reside in communications processors,
(p. 253) such as multiplexers and routers.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
30. Mainframe-based wide area networks frequently use telecommunications monitors or teleprocessing
(p. 253) monitors.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
31. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was officially adapted as an international standard by
(p. 255) the International Organization of Standards (ISO).
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
32. The Internet uses a system of telecommunications protocols that have become so widely used that they
(p. 257) are now accepted as a network architecture.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
33. An IP address is expressed as four decimal numbers separated by periods, such as 127.154.95.6.
(p. 257) TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-12 Explain the concepts behind TCP/IP.
34. IP addressing can identify a particular PC connected to the Internet, but not the network to which it is
(p. 257) attached.
FALSE
IP addressing can identify a specific network because the IP space is divided into three address
classes, A, B, and C. The Class B portion of the address identifies networks.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
35. Skype software allows telephone conversations through a PC and over the Internet instead of a
(p. 258) separate phone connection.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
36. Each IP address is divided into three address classes, which are A, B, and C. Class C addresses are
(p. 257) normally owned by large Internet service providers or major corporations.
FALSE
Class A addresses are normally owned by large Internet service providers or major corporations.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
37. New technologies are extending IP addresses beyond computers to TVs, toasters, and
(p. 257) coffeemakers.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
38. Developed to work Internet2, IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 256 bits to support
(p. 258) more levels of the address hierarchy.
FALSE
IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
39. IPv6 supports over 300 trillion trillion trillion addresses.
(p. 258) TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
40. Voice over IP is a technology that allows a remote worker to function as if he or she were directly
(p. 258) connected to a regular telephone network, even while at home or in a remote office.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
41. Skype users can call to any non-computer-based landline or mobile telephone in the world for just
(p. 258- pennies a minute.
259)
FALSE
Calls made to non-computer-based landlines or mobile telephones via Skype are free.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
42. "Bandwidth" is typically measured in characters per second (CPS).
(p. 260) FALSE
"Bandwidth" is typically measured in bits per second.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
43. Narrow-band channels typically use microwave, fiber optics, or satellite transmission.
(p. 260) FALSE
Narrow-band channels are usually unshielded twisted-pair lines used for telephone and modem
communications.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
44. Frame relay technology is slower than X.25 and not as well suited to handle the heavy
(p. 260- communications traffic of interconnected local area networks.
261)
FALSE
Frame relay is considerably faster than X.25.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
45. Although we tend to think of the FCC as the oversight body for radio and television, it is equally
(p. 261) involved in all aspects of data and voice communications.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
46. Regular telephone service relies on Packet Switching, while the Internet relies on Circuit
(p. 260) Switching.
FALSE
Regular telephone service relies on Circuit Switching, while the Internet relies on Packet Switching.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
47. Packet Switching involves dividing a message into multiple packets which are transmitted over a
(p. 260) network to the receiver.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
48. The Internet is owned by the government of the United States.
(p. 225) FALSE
Nobody owns the Internet.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
49. Telecommunications and network technologies are internetworking and revolutionizing
(p. 218) _______________.
A. business and society
B. business and globalization
C. society and politics
D. globalization and politics
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
50. Which of the following statements best defines a network?
(p. 218) A. The usefulness or utility that comes from linking computers together
B. An interrelated or interconnected chain, group, or system
C. Computers linked together via cabling or wireless technology
D. A group of individuals linked via hardware and software
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Understand the concept of a network.
51. A network with 100 nodes has 9,900 possible connections. A network with 1,000 nodes has
(p. 218) _______________ possible connections.
A. 9,900,000
B. 999,000
C. 99,000
D. over one million
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 06-01 Understand the concept of a network.
52. Metcalfe's law states that:
(p. 220- A. The usefulness or utility of a network equals the square of the number of users
221)
B. More network nodes equals more usefulness to network members
C. Networks with too many nodes rapidly lose their effectiveness
D. The usefulness or utility of a network equals the number of users times the number of nodes
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-02 Apply Metcalfes law in understanding the value of a network.
53. A change in technology induces social, political, and economic system changes
(p. 221) _______________.
A. long before a critical mass of users is reached.
B. before the technology is well understood.
C. only after a critical mass of users is reached.
D. when it is used as a political tool by radical countries.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
54. The telecommunications industry has changed _______________.
(p. 221- A. from a deregulated market to government-regulated monopolies.
222)
B. not at all since 1900.
C. from government-regulated monopolies to a deregulated market.
D. none of the above.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
55. Open systems are a recent telecommunications trend. Open systems:
(p. 222) A. Use common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking
B. Create a computing environment that is easily accessed by end users and their networked computer
systems
C. Provide greater connectivity, and a high degree of network interoperability
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
56. Programming that serves to "glue together" or mediate between two separate, and usually already
(p. 222- existing, programs is known as _______________.
223)
A. front-line software
B. software handshaking
C. middleware
D. back-line software
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
57. Local and global telecommunications networks are rapidly converting to digital transmission
(p. 223) technologies. Digital technology provides all of the following benefits over analog technology
except:
A. Much lower error rates
B. Equivalent transmission speeds
C. Movement of larger amounts of information
D. Greater economy
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
58. Telecommunications networks now play vital and pervasive roles in Web-enabled
(p. 223) _______________.
A. e-business processes
B. electronic commerce
C. enterprise collaboration
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
59. Which of the following statements regarding Internet2 is true?
(p. 223) A. Internet2, like the first Internet, is open to all users
B. Internet2 uses the same infrastructure as the current Internet, so it will be easy to learn
C. The purpose of Internet2 is to build a roadmap that can be followed during the next stage of
innovation for the current Internet
D. Internet2 will someday replace the original Internet
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
60. Most of the institutions and commercial partners on the Internet2 network are connected via
(p. 224) _______________, a network backbone that will soon support throughput of 10 Gbps.
A. Abilene
B. Phoenix
C. Enterprise
D. Indiana
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
61. Traveling salespeople and those at regional sales offices can use the Internet, extranets, and
(p. 225) other networks to transmit customer orders from their laptop or desktop PCs, thus breaking
_______________ barriers.
A. physical
B. competition
C. structural
D. geographic
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
62. Telecommunications-based business applications can help a company overcome all of the following
(p. 224) barriers to business success except:
A. Time barriers
B. Geographic barriers
C. Human resource barriers
D. Cost barriers
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
63. All of the following statements about the Internet revolution are true except:
(p. 225) A. The Internet has become the largest and most important network today, and has evolved into a
global information superhighway
B. The central computer system of the Internet is the most powerful communications center in the
world
C. The Internet is constantly expanding, as more and more businesses and other organizations join its
global web
D. The Internet does not have a headquarters or governing body
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
64. Which of the following statements regarding Internet Service Providers is correct?
(p. 225) A. ISPs provide individuals and organizations with access to the Internet for a fee
B. ISPs are independent organizations; they have no connection to one another
C. ISPs are no longer necessary for access to the Internet
D. ISPs provide a direct connection between a company's networks and the Internet
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
65. ISPs are connected to one another through network _______________.
(p. 226) A. touch points
B. portals
C. access points
D. hubs
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
66. Which of the following is a key business use of the Internet?
(p. 228) A. Internet websites for interactive marketing and electronic commerce
B. E-mail, file transfer, and discussion forums
C. Intranet links with remote employee sites
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
67. Applications that use the Internet and Internet-based technologies are typically less expensive to
(p. 228) _______________ than traditional systems.
A. develop
B. operate
C. maintain
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
68. Most companies are building e-business and e-commerce websites to achieve all of the following
(p. 229) goals except:
A. Generate new revenue from online sales
B. Increase foot traffic at brick and mortar locations
C. Reduce transaction costs
D. Increase the loyalty of existing customers via Web customer service and support
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
69. An _______________ is a network inside an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an
(p. 229) Internet-like environment within the enterprise.
A. extranet
B. omninet
C. intranet
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
70. An _______________ is a network link that uses Internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a
(p. 229) business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or other business partners.
A. extranet
B. omninet
C. intranet
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
71. The use of an intranet in an organization _______________.
(p. 229) A. can significantly improve communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
B. can significantly hinder communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
C. has no effect communications and collaboration within an enterprise.
D. is only possible if the organization is using WiFi.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
72. All of the following would typically be supported by an organization's intranet information portal
(p. 230- except:
231)
A. Communication and collaboration
B. Business operations and management
C. Web publishing
D. Recruitment
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
73. The comparative _______________ of publishing and accessing multimedia business information
(p. 230) internally via intranet websites has been one of the primary reasons for the explosive growth in the use
of intranets in business.
A. attractiveness
B. lower cost
C. ease
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
74. Based on the information presented in the text, telecommunications terminals are best described
(p. 235) as:
A. Any input/output device that uses telecommunications networks to transmit or receive data,
including telephones
B. Devices that support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers
C. Channels over which data are transmitted and received
D. Programs that control telecommunications activities and manage the functions of
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
75. The text lists five basic categories of components in a telecommunications network. One of these
(p. 235) categories includes telecommunications processors, which:
A. Support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers
B. Are channels over which data are transmitted and received
C. Consist of programs that control telecommunications activities and manage the functions of
D. Include input/output terminals
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
76. The five basic categories of components in a telecommunications network include:
(p. 235) A. Protocols, telecommunications channels, computers, telecommunications control software, and
modems
B. Terminals, telecommunications processors, telecommunications channels, computers, and
telecommunications control software
C. Terminals, telecommunications channels, computers, and modems
D. Terminals, telecommunications processors, computers, modems, and protocols
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
77. A network that covers a large geographic distance, such as a state or a country, is considered a
(p. 238) _______________ network.
A. client/server
B. local area
C. small area
D. wide area
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
78. Which of the following best describes a local area network?
(p. 239) A. A network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city or state
B. A network that connects computers within a limited physical area, such as inside a single building
C. A network that covers no more than a single state
D. A private network that uses the Internet as its main backbone
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
79. To communicate over a network, each PC usually has a circuit board called a _______________.
(p. 239) A. printed circuit card
B. modem
C. router
D. network interface card
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
80. All of the following statements about a virtual private network are correct except:
(p. 239) A. Uses the Internet as its main backbone network
B Connects the intranets of a company's different locations, or establishes extranet links between a
. company and its customers, suppliers, and business partners
C. Relies on modem, twisted-pair wire, and router technology
D. Relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other security features to provide a secure network
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
81. All the following describe a VPN except:
(p. 239) A. A VPN uses the Internet as its main backbone network.
B. A VPN relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other Internet and intranet security features.
C. A VPN uses the Internet to establish secure intranets between its distant offices and locations.
D. A VPN is available for use by anyone with access to the Internet.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
82. Older, traditional mainframe-based business information systems are called _______________
(p. 242) systems.
A. historical
B. standard
C. legacy
D. application
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
83. Most Linux distributions are released via BitTorrent to help with _______________ needs.
(p. 244) A. security
B. bandwidth
C. user registration
D. file compression
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
84. The Internet, as originally conceived in the late 1960's was a _______________ system.
(p. 244) A. client-server
B. central server
C. pure peer-to-peer
D. peer-to-peer
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
85. In telecommunications networks, twisted-pair wire:
(p. 266) A. Is the least commonly used medium
B. Facilitates mobile data communication
C. Is used for both voice and data transmission
D. Is commonly laid on the floors of lakes and oceans
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
86. A communications medium that consists of one or more central wires surrounded by thick insulation
(p. 266) is called _______________ cable.
A. coaxial
B. fiber optic
C. twisted-pair
D. packet-transmission
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
87. Compared to coaxial cable, standard twisted-pair telephone lines:
(p. 266) A. Support lower data transmission speeds
B. Are virtually the same as coaxial cable in speed and service provided
C. Have less interference and distortion because of their insulation
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
88. Fiber optics uses cables consisting of one or more hair-thin filaments of __________ fiber wrapped in
(p. 246) a protective jacket.
A. glass
B. plastic
C. ceramic
D. nylon
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
89. Fiber optics are regarded as the communications media of the future, primarily due to its
(p. 246) _______________.
A. availability
B. greater speed and capacity
C. lower installation costs
D. greater compatibility with existing communications media
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
90. As it relates to telecommunications media, the problem of the last mile is:
(p. 246- A. A low voltage drop at the end of the line
247)
B. Tying into older technology
C. Finding the money to complete the project
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
91. Which of the following technologies transmits data at the fastest rate?
(p. 252) A. Modem
B. Cable modem
C. ISDN
D. Home satellite
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
92. An internetworking unit that connects networks based on different protocols is a
(p. 252) _______________.
A. bridge
B. router
C. gateway
D. hub
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
93. In a telecommunications network, a hub is a communications processor that:
(p. 252) A. Connects two LANS based on the same network standards or protocols
C. Facilitates port switching
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
94. In a telecommunications network, a gateway is a communications processor that:
(p. 252) A. Is used for port switching
C. Connects two LANS based on the same network standards or protocols
D. Connects LANs to Wi-Fi networks
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
95. In telecommunications networks, multiplexers:
(p. 252) A. Convert digital signals to analog and vice versa
B. Allow a single communications channel to carry multiple simultaneous data transmissions
C. Include bridges, routers, hubs, and gateways, which interconnect a local area network with other
local and wide area networks
D. Make connections between communications circuits in a network
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
96. Network management package functions include all of the following except:
(p. 253- A. Managing network resources and traffic to avoid congestion
254)
B. Providing security
C. Informing network administrators of potential problems before they occur
D. All of the choices are functions of network management packages.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
97. Security is a top concern of network management today, so telecommunications software must
(p. 254) provide all of the following except:
A. Authentication
B. Encryption
C. Firewalls
D. Central processing
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
98. A network configuration that consists of a central computer system with a number of smaller
(p. 254) computers tied directly to it, but not to each other, is a _______________ network.
A. bus
B. ring
C. central processing
D. star
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
99. Which of the following best describes how star, ring, and bus networks differ?
(p. 255) A. Performance and reliability
B. Performance, reliability, and cost
C. Reliability and cost
D. Performance and cost
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
100. A(n) _______________ is a standard set of rules and procedures for the control of communication in a
(p. 255) network.
A. amplification
B. algorithm
C. protocols
D. transponders
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 06-13 Understand the seven layers of the OSI network model.
101. Which one of the following statements regarding a telecommunications network is false?
(p. 255) A. A protocol is a standard set of rules and procedures for the control of communications in a network
B. The communications control information needed for "handshaking" between terminals and
computers is a protocol
C. A protocol deals with the control of data transmission/reception in a network
D. Protocols are not applicable to hardware, such as cables and modems
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
102. The _______________ layer in an OSI model provides communications services for end users.
(p. 256) A. application
B. data link
C. network
D. transport
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
103. In an OSI model, the _______________ layer does the routing and forwarding.
(p. 256) A. physical
B. data link
C. network
D. application
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
104. When IP was first standardized, the specification required that each system attached to the Internet be
(p. 257) assigned a unique, _______________ Internet address value.
A. 4-bit
B. 8-bit
C. 16-bit
D. 32-bit
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
105. All of the following statements regarding Internet telephony are correct except:
(p. 258) A. It is often referred to as voice over IP or VOIP
B. It involves using an Internet connection to pass voice data using IP instead of a standard public
telephone network
C. It incurs standard long-distance telephone call charges
D. It demands a very well-configured network to run smoothly
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
106. Communications channels such as microwave, fiber optics, or satellite transmission that provide high-
(p. 260) speed transmission rates typically use _______________ channels.
A. broadband
B. narrow-band
C. wireless
D. voice-band
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
107. ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is an emerging high-capacity __________ switching
(p. 261) technology.
A. node
B. packet
C. cell
D. network
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
108. VoIP works by digitizing a voice signal, chopping it into __________, and then sending them over a
(p. 258) company's computer network or the Internet, much like data or email.
A. bits
B. packets
C. characters
D. waves
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
109. IPv4, the current Internet addressing protocol, can accommodate about _______________
(p. 257) addresses.
A. 4 trillion
B. 4 billion
C. 4 million
D. None of the above
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
110. _______________ systems are information systems that use common standards for hardware,
(p. 222) software, applications, and networking.
Open
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
111. Open systems provide greater _______________. That is, the ability of networked computers and
(p. 222) other devices to easily access and communicate with each other and share information.
connectivity
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
112. Internet2 is all about high-speed telecommunications and infinite _______________.
(p. 224) bandwidth
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
113. We can think of the _______________ as a network made up of millions of smaller, private networks,
(p. 225) each with the ability to operate independent of, or in harmony with, all the other millions of connected
networks.
Internet
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
114. Companies can create private secure Internet links between themselves, called _______________
(p. 232) private networks.
virtual
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
115. A communications network is any arrangement where a sender transmits a message to a receiver over
(p. 235) a _______________, consisting of some type of medium.
channel
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
116. Devices such as modems, switches, and routers, which support data transmission and reception
(p. 235) between terminals and computers, are known as telecommunications _______________.
processors
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
117. Thin clients provide a browser-based user interface for processing small application programs called
(p. 242) _______________.
applets
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
118. Network computing is sometimes called a _______________ client/server model, because it consists
(p. 243) of thin clients, application servers, and database servers.
three-tier
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
119. The terms analog and _______________ refer to the methods used to convert information into an
(p. 244) electrical signal so that it can be transmitted or processed.
digital
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
120. If the temperature being measured by an electronic analog thermometer is 83 degrees, the analog
(p. 244- system would put out __________ volts.
245)
830, 83, 8.3, or .83
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
121. Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) can split a strand of glass fiber into _____ channels,
(p. 246) which enables each strand to carry 5 million calls.
40
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
122. Terrestrial microwave involves earthbound microwave systems that transmit high-speed
(p. 247) _______________ signals in a line-of-sight path between relay stations spaced approximately 30
miles apart.
radio
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
123. All cellular and PCS telephone systems divide a geographic area into small areas, or __________,
(p. 248) typically from one to several square miles in area.
cells
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
124. Smart telephones, pagers, PDAs, and other portable communications devices have become very thin
(p. 249) clients in _______________ networks.
wireless
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
125. The WAP standard specifies how Web pages in HTML and XML are translated into a wireless
(p. 249) markup language (WML) by __________ software.
filter
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
126. _______________ are the most common type of communications processor.
(p. 251) Modems
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
127. A modem converts digital signals into analog frequencies and then back again. This process is known
(p. 251) as modulation and _______________.
demodulation
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
128. The main idea in OSI is that the process of communication between two endpoints in a
(p. 255) telecommunication network can be divided into _______________.
layers
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
129. The first part of an Internet address identifies the network on which the host resides, while the second
(p. 257) part identifies the particular __________ on the given network.
host
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
130. Regular telephone service relies on circuit _______________, in which a switch opens a circuit to
(p. 260) establish a link between a sender and receiver. It remains open until the communication session is
completed.
switching
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
131. In the X.25 protocol, packets are _____ characters long, while in frame relay technology they are of
(p. 260) variable length.
128
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
06 Summary
Category # of Questions
AACSB: Technology 131
Blooms: Remember 131
Difficulty: 1 Easy 23
Difficulty: 2 Medium 72
Difficulty: 3 Hard 36
Learning Objective: 06-01 Understand the concept of a network. 2
Learning Objective: 06-02 Apply Metcalfes law in understanding the value of a network. 1
Learning Objective: 06- 13
03 Identify several major developments and trends in the industries; technologies; and business applications of telecommunications
and Internet technologies.
Learning Objective: 06-04 Provide examples of the business value of Internet; intranet; and extranet applications. 18
Learning Objective: 06-05 Identify the basic components; functions; and types of telecommunications networks used in business. 6
Learning Objective: 06- 23
06 Explain the functions of major components of telecommunications network hardware; software; media; and services.
Learning Objective: 06-07 Explain the concept of client/server networking. 4
Learning Objective: 06-08 Understand the two forms of peer-to-peer networking. 4
Learning Objective: 06-09 Explain the difference between digital and analog signals. 4
Learning Objective: 06-10 Identify the various transmission media and topologies used in telecommunications networks. 21
Learning Objective: 06-11 Understand the fundamentals of wireless network technologies. 12
Learning Objective: 06-12 Explain the concepts behind TCP/IP. 18
Learning Objective: 06-13 Understand the seven layers of the OSI network model. 5
Marakas - Chapter 06 131
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The unhappy Battle of Preston soon put several in motion who till
then were quiet. The Lord Pitsligo[335] who had also been engaged
in the Rebellion in the 1715, and had received both his life and
fortune from the Government, still retained his old affection for that
cause, and never qualified to the present Government. He was justly
esteemed a polite and learned gentleman, and of great integrity and
honour in private life, but entirely enthusiastic on the Jacobite
principles. As the Young Pretender had wrote letters soon after his
landing to most of those whom he thought would favour his design,
Lord Pitsligo was not neglected; and though he was now old and
might have had merit enough from the party for former services, yet
he could not withstand this address, but immediately began to stir
and rouse the friends of the Cause. In his letters on that subject he
usually called the young Pretender by the name of the Amiable
young Stranger. It was not however imagined that in such an infirm
state, as he then was, he would have thought of undergoing the
fatigues of a Winter Campaign, especially as he had a very small
estate, and no Vassalages or Following to his Family, and so could
not in that way make any considerable accession to the Party. But
now that the family of Marischall was out of the country, and the Earl
of Kintore, the next representative of that family, was in the interest
of the Government, the gentlemen of Buchan who were friends of
the cause and used formerly to follow Marischall, immediately had
their eyes fixed on Lord Pitsligo to head them. But all these that
appeared in Buchan would not probably have been of consideration
enough to have determined him, if soon after Preston, a set of
gentlemen in Boyne and Enzie[336] set agog by this victory had not
made this an express condition to their going out, that Lord Pitsligo
should go as their head. It was generally believed that this condition
was insisted on by one or two of them who had been rash enough to
be always speaking of their going out if they had an opportunity, and
now that it came to the push, repented of it and thought still of
getting off and some honour, by offering to go only if Lord Pitsligo
went at their head, which they reckoned themselves sure one of his
age never would; and if he did not they might then pretend they had
no confidence in any attempt of this kind for which Lord Pitsligo
would not venture all. But if this was their view they were
disappointed in it, for the rest of these gentlemen consenting to join
them in making the same proposal to Lord Pitsligo, he accepted of it
and so there was no retracting. The gentlemen who from this country
joined his Lordship, or who were in concert with them, were Sir
William Gordon of Park, Gordon of Carnusy, Gordon of Cupbairdy,
Mr. Hay, Younger of Ranas, Forbes of Brucehill, Gordon of
Glastirrum, Abernethy, brother to Mayen, and several other
gentlemen of lesser note. Carnusy and Cupbairdy’s journey was a
great surprise. The latter had no manner of tincture that way, but
being a rambling young lad was determined mostly by comradeship
and something too by the high regard he had for Lord Pitsligo.
Carnusy was esteemed a wise, solid man and some one not at all
wedded to Kingscraft. But as many debts of his never heard of
formerly are appearing, this somewhat unravels the mystery.
Joined by Buchan Gentlemen, and Aberdeen’s etc.
Immediately on Lord Pitsligo’s resolution being known there
appeared also to join him, Sir William Dunbar of Durn, from Boyne,
Mr. Gordon of Hallhead and Mr. Mercer, gentlemen of considerable
note that resided usually in the town of Aberdeen: Mr. Gordon of Mill
of Kinkardine, Mr. Petrie, Sheriff Depute, Mr. Sandilands and several
gentlemen of the lower class from that place; from Buchan, Mr. More
of Lonmay,[337] Factor to the Countess of Errol,[338] Cuming,
younger, of Pitully, Gordon younger, of Logie, Cuming of Kinninmuth,
Ogilvie of Achirris, (all gentlemen of considerable estates), Thomson
elder and younger of Fachfield, Turner younger of Turnerhall, Fraser
brother to Inveralachy and some others of less note; also from the
country about Aberdeen, Mr. Irvin of Drum, two sons of Menzies of
Pitfodels, [Charles] More brother to Stonnywood, etc. But none of
these gentlemen raised any number of men, but all rendevous’d at
Aberdeen on horseback, with their servants, and made a pretty
enough appearance. Mr. Sandilands only raised a Company of Foot
which joined them there, as also did two companies raised by
Stonnywood, the one commanded by himself, and the other by his
brother; the whole not amounting to 200 men. These did indeed
march south with Lord Pitsligo, but were afterwards incorporated in
the Duke of Perth’s second Battalion. Lord Pitsligo and his friends
were but short time in Aberdeen, but while they stayed, conducted
with great discretion.
Rebels favoured by Commons
Hitherto the Rebellion was favoured by almost all the common
people. The promise of freeing them from the Malt Tax had a
surprising influence upon them, this being a tax the Farmers are
especially sensible of, as they themselves pay out the money in the
first instance being all Maltsters, at least for their own use. The
Rebels therefore hitherto behaving civilly, listing only volunteers,
paying freely, taking but some few good horses and arms as they
met with them, and freeing the country people from the eternal dread
they were under of the Malt Gaugers, were looked on by them as the
deliverers of their country.
Why no Opposition made by the Friends of the Government
It may at first seem surprising that no steps were taken in two
such countys by the friends of the Government to stop this
procedure. But let it be considered that after Preston people were
really in a consternation for some time, and nobody knew (as the
intelligence from the south, meeting with so many interruptions, was
very uncertain) how soon the Government might be in a situation to
force the Rebels from Edinburgh so that they might have had leisure
enough to have sent north Detachments and destroyed all that would
attempt to disturb their friends.
Besides it was requisite to have a man of rank and quality at the
head of such a thing (as the Government thought not fit to give
anybody the authority of a Lord Lieutenant) to give a proper weight
to it. But such was the situation of the Nobility of these countys, that
no such thing could have been expected of any of them except the
Earl of Aberdeen, whose undoubted attachment to the Government
as well as his large estate and high rank might indeed have made
him very serviceable had he thought it prudent to have tried to raise
the friends of the Government.[339] The Duke of Gordon, had it not
been prevented by his indisposition, might have been of great use
not only in keeping these Counties quiet, but even in suppressing the
Rebellion altogether. The Earl of Findlater’s[340] sickly constitution
quite disabled him, and though the Earl of Kintore[341] had had a
greater relish for military matters than he has, yet the incumbrances
on his fortune would have been a drawback on him. The Lord
Forbes[342] had by no means an Estate suited to his ability though
he had inclined to appear. The Lord Salton[343] had no weight in the
county, and the Lord Braco[344] had a great estate, yet the newness
of his family would have marred any project of his forming.
Gentry
Had the gentry that did not engage been all hearty, they might
indeed have come together without any of the nobility’s appearing to
head them, but undoubtedly a third of them were dissaffected though
they were wise enough not to embark in so desperate an enterprise;
and of those that were not so, many were selfish, many were
careless who governed, and many were timid and fearful, so that the
few who were resolute had not sufficient strength nor influence to
make a stand. The most remarkable of these in Buchan and
Fortmartine[345] were Lord Strichen, Mr. Maitland of Pitrichy, Mr.
Forbes of Shevis, Mr. Garden of Troup and Mr. Buchan of
Achmacoy. On Don side, Mr. Middleton of Seaton, Mr. Patan,
Grandam, Sir Arthur Forbes, Mr. Burnet of Kemnay, Sir Archibald
Grant and Mr. Leith of Glenkindy. In Garrioch, Mr. Horn of Westhall,
Mr. Leith of Freefield, Sir Alexander Reed of Barra and Mr. Forbes of
Blackfoord. On Deeside, the family of Leys[346] with Mr. Duff of
Premnay. (N.B. a great part of Deeside is in the shire of Mearns.) As
to the towns, Banff and the Seaport towns betwixt it and Aberdeen
were mostly all dissaffected. Full two-thirds of the two towns of
Aberdeen were very well-affected to the Government. All the
Magistrates, or rather those who had been such, before Hamilton
came to town, and all the old Provosts and Bailies (which makes a
considerable number of the principal merchants), and both the
colleges behaved in an exemplary, steady manner. The Clergy of the
Church of Scotland were to a man firm in the interest of the
Government in these counties and indeed everywhere else, and
neither force nor flattery could alter them. The Rebels at the
beginning were at great pains to coax them, and to see if possible to
make the face of a party among them, and would have been
excessively fond of the least compliance, had it been only the not
praying for the King by name, however minutely he should have
been described otherways, well-knowing that if any would go into a
different way from their brethren in any thing however trifling at first,
that difference might be blown up to make a more considerable
opposition. They had particularly hopes of the young Clergy, as they
had used to keep company with them more freely in times of peace,
and not carry with so much reserve as their elder brethren, and so
they thought they should have much influence with them. But they
were excessively baulked when they saw them maintain with vigour
and zeal those principles of liberty which formerly they thought they
spoke of only for amusement, when they saw them at such
extraordinary pains to raise worthy sentiments in the people, and
sparing neither purse nor persons in the service of the Government
as far as they had opportunity; and by how much they expected
more friendship from them than from the old folks, so much the more
were they incensed against them than against the others from whom
they expected nothing.
Synod meets
The Synod met as usual in October in Old Meldrum, and though
in the 1715 they would venture to do nothing, but immediately
adjourned, yet now amidst no less danger they acted with much
more vigour. They ordered a very dutiful and warm address to his
Majesty which was afterwards very highly resented by the Jacobites,
not only as it showed the loyalty of the Clergy, but confuted the lies
published by the Rebels in their Edinburgh Courant, that the whole
gentlemen in the county except four had engaged in the Rebellion,
whereas the Clergy thought themselves obliged not only to vindicate
the county in general, but particularly to do justice to the gentlemen
of the Church of Scotland, by asserting that few or none of them had
engaged in this wicked Rebellion. And indeed some gentlemen then
in London owned themselves very happy in this Address, that came
very seasonably, and had a very good effect, not only in taking off
the bad impressions the friends of the Government had of these
counties, but also in discouraging the Jacobites by undeceiving them
of the vain expectations they had from there. The Synod also had a
public diet for Prayer to Almighty God to put a speedy stop to the
Rebellion, which had a good effect not only on such of the laiety as
were near enough to be present at it, but also tended to confirm and
spirit up several that only heard of it. They also resolved, that
whereas some ministers in their public prayers used formerly to think
his Majesty sufficiently distinguished from the Pretender by calling
him our Protestant Sovereign or some such other appellation, but as
the omitting to name him expressly even though thus characterised
was looked on as a compliance by the Rebels, who deluded many of
the people with a story of their pretended Prince being a Protestant,
that therefore all in time coming should pray for him by name, as
they would be answerable. They also appointed that Presbyteries
should meet often, and members be sent as correspondents betwixt
neighbouring Presbyteries that they might advise with one another at
this critical time and act with the greatest harmony. All this was
punctually executed.
Nonjurant Clergy
There were but two Clergy of the Church of England in all these
Counties who were qualified to the Government, both at Aberdeen,
but here was a very considerable number of that persuasion who
were Nonjurants, which is to be sure the same thing with avowed
Jacobites, and though most of them had the address to keep
themselves free from open acts of Rebellion yet they were
excessively instrumental by every sly act to poison the people and
debauch them to rebellion, and accordingly all their hearers, almost
without exception, were rank Jacobites, and the being so, was by
them esteemed so very essential to salvation, that even before the
Rebellion they have been known to refuse to admit some of their
hearers to the Communion not only if by going to a Presbyterian
Church, but even if by going to a qualified meeting of the Church of
England they had heard King George prayed for, unless they
solemnly professed their repentance for this crime. After the
Rebellion broke out, several of them turned so insolent as to pray for
the Pretender by name. All of this persuasion as they all along had a
most unaccountable enmity against the Church of Scotland, so they
failed not to show it with a deal of rancour during the Rebellion, to all
of that persuasion.
Papists
It was but natural to expect that the Papists should favour the
Rebellion to their utmost, but they are but inconsiderable in these
Counties. Their meetings were quite barefaced, the Pretender
openly prayed for, and a very great and good understanding there
was betwixt the Nonjurants and them, so that Seaton, a priest, and
Law, a Nonjurant minister,[347] were very commonly joined together
among Lord Lewis Gordon’s council, who was made Governor of
these counties by the Pretender. The Papists however generally had
the cunning to be rather more tolerable in conversation with the
friends of the Government than the Nonjurants were.
Lord Lewis Gordon joins the Rebels
Before the Rebels marched from Edinburgh to England they very
wisely thought of means of retaining these counties under their
subjection, while they should be marching south and of having
reinforcements from thence ready for them against any emergence.
For this purpose they wheedled over to their party Lord Lewis
Gordon,[348] a younger brother to his Grace the Duke of Gordon,
imagining that the very name of one so nearly connected to the Duke
would have a great influence on the tenants and dependants of that
family, and they well knew that His Grace’s indisposition at that time
would prevent any effectual measures being taken to stop this
procedure. Lord Lewis was a Lieutenant in the Fleet, and had
unhappily come down at that time to visit his Mother, the Duchess
Dowager, who stayed near Edinburgh.[349] There he met so many
old friends and acquaintances engaged in the Rebellion, who laid all
oars in the water to gain him; and this indeed was no hard matter to
a forward young lad like him, especially as he was to have a Feather
in his cap, and to be made Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire and
Governor of the Towns of Aberdeen and Banff, with power of
disposing of all places in them. Along with him is set down More of
Lonmay, More of Stonnywood, Gordon of Avachy and Sheriff Petrie
to assist him in his Government and Levys. There were also a
number of Towns Burgesses named as a Council with them for the
Town of Aberdeen and to manage under him in his absence but they
all refused to accept; on which Mr. Moir of Lonmay was made
Deputy Governor of Aberdeen, much indeed against his own
inclination. He was a sensible man, but turned out very positive and
arbitrary in his Government, which he had frequent opportunities of
showing as Lord Lewis did not reside much at Aberdeen, and when
he did, was always much advised by Lonmay. Mr. Bairde of
Achmeden[350] was at the same time made Depute Governor of
Banff. This gentleman had shown his affection to the cause so far as
to wait for the Young Pretender at Edinburgh with his white cockade,
but it seems was not so far militarily disposed as to think of marching
with them into England, but having a considerable estate in
Banffshire, they thought he might be of service to them in this
sphere; but though he at first accepted of this commission, yet he
seldom if ever acted in consequence of it, and very rarely made any
public appearance.
Men Raised by Force
The Lord Lieutenant began with his recruiting about Strathboggy,
but as the waifest kind of people had mostly gone off in the first
Levys, this was not so successful as he expected. Nay, on his first
coming there, his summonses to his brother’s tenants to rise were so
slighted, and volunteers so backward, that he was obliged to write to
Blelack[351] and some of the gentlemen of Deeside who had a
number of men with them, begging of them for God’s sake to send
him a command of their men that he might not be affronted. How
soon he got these, then he went to work quartering on the tenants
about Strathboggy till they either rose or furnished men according to
the proportions he had settled. But this was tedious, as he had but a
small party to quarter with, and therefore he soon took a more
expeditious way, threatening to burn the houses and farmyards of
such as stood out. This soon had the desired effect, for the burning a
single house or farm stack in a Parish terrified the whole, so that
they would quickly send in their proportion, and by this means, with
the few that joined as volunteers, he raised near 300 men called the
Strathboggy Battalion in the country thereabouts. The same method
of military execution (a discipline till then unknown in these counties)
was used in most of the high parts of the shire for forcing out men,
especially on Deeside, where a great many were raised in this
manner. Stonnywood however found people enough about the town
of Aberdeen and places adjacent without force, to form another
corps for Lord Lewis called the Aberdeen Battallion consisting of
about 200 men, which with the Strathboggy Batallion formed what
was properly Lord Lewis’ own Regiment; Avachy being Lieutenant of
the latter; Stonnywood of the former.
Auchengaul raises a Company
About the same time Crichton of Auchengaul, a Popish
gentleman of a very small estate, but representative of the Viscount
Frendraught, raised a company and joined Lord Lewis. There were
also several little people in Banffshire and Buchan, etc., who raised a
few men each, and joined the Lord Lieutenant and all got
commissions of one kind or other, which was by no means hard to
be obtained. And thus the whole of this second Levy in the Counties
of Aberdeen and Banff, under Lord Lewis would have amounted to
near 800 men.
Comparison with 1715
As the above is a view of the whole course of the Rebels from
these Counties, it may not be amiss to compare it with what it was in
the 1715, from which it will be evident that for all the noise they
made about their strength in these parts it was nothing now in
comparison with what it was then.
In the 1715 they were supported by most of the Nobility. The
Duke of Gordon (then Marquis of Huntly), the Earls of Mar,
Marischall, Panmure, and Kintore, and the Lords Fraser and Pitsligo,
who had all great estates, connections and dependencies in these
Counties, raised their whole force and exerted themselves to the
utmost in favour of the Rebellion. Whereas now Lord Pitsligo was the
only nobleman that joined them unless Lord Lewis be reckoned. As
to the landed gentry the difference is full as considerable. Though
the most be from Banffshire and Buchan, yet even there they are not
one fourth of what they were in the 1715. Not one gentleman from
Fortmartine unless Mr. Smith of Menie be to be reckoned, who
indeed appeared with them at Edinburgh, but left them or they
entered England. Not one gentleman that resided in Garrioch,[352]
though in the 1715 most of them were concerned. Only five on
Deeside from the head to the foot. And though there were several
gentlemen of small estates on Deeside, yet all of them put together
were not equal to the Laird of Invercauld who engaged in the former
Rebellion. The Commons must always bear Proportion to the
interests of the Gentry engaged, and though indeed this rule failed in
so far at this time as that considerable numbers were raised from the
estates of the Duke of Gordon, Earl of Aboyne, and Laird of
Invercauld, where the Rebels had properly no interest, yet as almost
none of the gentlemen that went with Lord Pitsligo raised so much as
the men on their own estates, this will in good measure balance the
other. There were several merchants of note appeared from the
towns in the 1715, but now none but a few smugglers, and a very
few tradesmen.
As the Rebels had thus a considerable number of men in these
Counties, they next fell to work to raise money for their maintenance.
And first of all they resolved to levy the Cess that was due for the
current year, and all arrears, and accordingly the Lord Lieutenant
named a collector, and without further intimation ordered partys to
quarter for it. As it was soon moving from one house to another in
the towns and country about them, as the quartering money was
very exorbitant, their partys numerous and costly to maintain, and
the Cess being levied only according to the valued rent, and not
being anything considerable in comparison of the real rent and few
being willing to bear the stress any time for a small sum, it was
quickly levied in the towns of Aberdeen and from the adjacent
estates. But in the country it necessarily took up longer time so that
they never got parties sent to some estates that were most out of the
way, and some gentlemen, particularly Mr. Burnet, Kemnay, and Mr.
Horn, Westhall, bore the stress with great firmness and wearied
them out of it at this time, as indeed Mr. Horn at length did
altogether.
The French Land
In the month of December there arrived six transports at
Peterhead, Aberdeen, Stonehaven, and Montrose with Lord John
Drummond’s Regiment on board and the Piquets from the Irish
Brigade in the French Service; all under the command of Lord John
Drummond.[353] This greatly elevated the Rebels, was magnified
hugely to their friends in other places, and looked upon by them all
as the certain prelude of a great invasion from France. The two Lord
Drummonds[354] and the Lord Lieutenant had an interview at
Aberdeen, the great result of which, seemed to be the forging a letter
from Lord Martial commanding his friends to join Lord John
Drummond (vid. printed Copy) and a Proclamation in which his
Lordship, also to show him how well he was acquainted to the
French Government, threatens to punish those who did not join him
according to their intentions. The letter from Lord Martial was soon
suspected to be forged, from its being altered while a-printing, and
from the style of it, it being very unlike Lord Martial to speak of
Commanding his Friends, but after Culloden it was put out of doubt
by one Mr. Halyburton, who had been sent from France by Lord
Martial, how soon he knew of it, to disclaim the thing entirely, to let
Lord John know how much he took it amiss, and to warn his friends
not to be seduced by it.[355] The Rebels were on the other Speyside
before this gentleman reached them, and how soon he informed
Lord John of his errand, he was either closely confined or then
discharged on the severest penalty from speaking of it, so that it was
but little known, till the Flight, when he acquainted several gentlemen
of it, who after that made it no secret. The French that landed at
Peterhead, Aberdeen, and Stonehaven, stayed not above a week or
so to refresh themselves, but marched south to the Camp at Perth.
Levy Money
The Cess went but a short way to answer their demands, next
therefore they resolved to demand what was called Levy Money, or
Militia money; accordingly Stonnywood by order of the Lord
Lieutenant wrote Circular letters to the several gentlemen or their
factors, demanding an able bodied man sufficiently accoutred in the
Highland Dress[356] for each £100 Scots of valued rent, or then £5
Sterling to raise one. The man was but a pretext, it was the money
they wanted. This indeed would have amounted to a very
considerable sum; no less than about £12,000 Sterling for the
County of Aberdeen alone, which will be 5s. Ster. in the pound off
the real rack’d rent, which exorbitant demand would at any time have
been very hard upon Lairds and Tenants but after two bad crops and
so many other losses, was indeed more than they could bear.
However these reasons availed nothing to the Lord Lieutenant, or his
Depute (who was by no means ignorant of the state of the counties)
but to work they went, how soon they had got in most of the Cess, to
quarter for it. This began at length to open the eyes of many of the
people, who had been formerly cheated by promises of freedom
from taxes, especially the Malt Tax, but now they saw how delusive
these were, and this not a little confirmed the few who had all along
wished well to the Government. Even the selfish among the gentry
who professed not to care who reigned, were not now quite so
indifferent, and even many secret Jacobites were disgusted.
Lord Loudon Invited
The friends of the Government seeing no end of this oppression,
while the Rebels were their masters, sent several messages to the
President and Lord Loudon[357] to send some men to their relief.
They were especially instant from the town of Aberdeen, this being
the seat of their Government, and consequently most exposed to
their tyranny, which was so great that the usual freedom of
conversation was entirely banished, at least none could promise how
long they could call anything their own, and even already they were
speaking of imposing a Loan, how soon the Militia money was
levied. But their keenness to obtain relief and to persuade Lord
Loudon to undertake it, probably made them represent the strength
of the Rebels as more insignificant than it really was, which no doubt
has been one reason why the party sent was not more numerous.
Burning Order
The Levy money coming in but slowly, for all the stress of
quartering, which stress alone induced some to pay it, but some few
that were such hearty friends as to need only the pretence of force,
the Lord Lieutenant grew quite impatient and issued what was called
the Fire Ordinance (vid. Gent. Mag. for January 1746, p. 29th).[358]
Party’s were sent to several Districts of the country, with orders to
quarter on the gentlemen’s houses (not on the tenants’ as usual) and
if against such a time the money was not payed, to begin with
burning the gentleman’s house and Planting, then the tenants’
houses and cornyards and so on through the district. But
notwithstanding of these dreadful threatenings, none but some very
timourous people paid, till they should at least see what would be the
consequences of the Northern aid which now began to be spoke of
and pretty confidently expected.
Old Aberdeen Distressed
As the old town of Aberdeen had in proportion to such a place
discovered a more than ordinary zeal for the Government so that the
Rebel Governors distinguished it accordingly by a demand of £215
Ster. of Levy money, a very great sum for so small a village, and by
beginning with them these new methods of raising it. They
impudently proposed it among the Whigs without ever regarding
whether or not they had any property in Lands or houses and
particularly the Masters of the Kings College had their small stipends
very severely cessed. But when they could not even thus get their
full demand answered, Lonmay ordered about £40 Ster. of it to be
taken from the Poor’s Box and from some small funds that belonged
to an hospital for poor widows and some other such charitable funds.
Large parties were quartered through the town in the gentlemen’s
houses for several days, but even this severe stress not proving
effectual, intimation was made by Tuke of Drum, that if the money
was not paid against a certain hour the Town was to be burnt. This
indeed alarmed them and the gentlemen were forced to seem in so
far to comply as to beg only delays till the money should be got, and
this they had the art to obtain from time to time for two or three days,
till at length they had pretty certain information that McLeod and
Culcairn’s men were come the length of Banff and Strathboggy, on
which most of the gentlemen of note in the place, slipped out of town
or concealed themselves, without paying a farthing, and leaving the
Rebels to do with the town what they pleased. But as they too were
sensible by this time of the enemy’s approach they would not
venture on such a severity till they should see the event.
McLeod Marches
As for McLeod’s March (vid. Gents. Mag., Jan. 1746, p. 23). It
was Gordon of Avachy and Gordon of Aberlour that opposed them at
the passage of the Spey, but they quickly retreated. They had the
Strathboggy Batallion under their command and had been quartering
for Cess and Levy money about Strathboggy and Banff. They
marched to Aberdeen the day appointed for the Public Fast by his
Majesty, December 17th, which however was very punctually
observed even where they passed and in general was so both by
Clergy and people both in town and country, though the Clergy
indeed did meet with some insults in a few places. Immediately on
McLeod’s passing the Spey, the Rebels called in all their Quartering
parties, and the Deeside men to the town of Aberdeen and sent
expresses to their friends in Angus and Mearns to send them
assistance.
The McLeods joined the two companies under Culkairn,[359] at
Inverury, upon Saturday, December 20th, the whole body being 700
men complete. 400 of those under McLeod were quartered in the
town of Inverury, the rest of that name and Culkairn’s two companies
were cantonned in farmers’ houses along the Ury to the north west
of the town, many of them more than a mile and a half’s distance
though there was no worldly necessity for this, as the town of
Inverury contained two regiments of the Duke’s army for some
weeks without a man of them going a stone cast from it. Against
night the Rebel Reinforcements were come to Aberdeen consisting
of about 150 of the French Picquets who had remained at Montrose
and more than 200 Angus and Mearns Militia, so that there would
have been in whole about 1200 men at Aberdeen. All the Saturday
the Rebels were exceeding careful to prevent any intelligence
coming to the McLeods, securing as far as possible all the Avenues
coming from the town, and sending out scouts to scour between
Kintore and Inverury to the very water-side, these seized Mr. Bartlet
an Aberdeen writer who had come along with McLeod and had
ventured to Kintore (2 miles from Inverury), where also Mr. Dingwall,
an Aberdeen merchant and some others coming with intelligence
from Aberdeen were snapt up and carried in prisoners. The McLeods
had immediate notice of this, but Culcairn (by whom McLeod was
directed as he himself did not pretend to understand military matters)
could not be prevailed on to allow any men to come over and drive
them off, no doubt fearing as they were strangers in the country lest
they should be surprised. But as by this means at length all
intelligence stopt, this proved their ruin in the end. Whereas by
keeping some advance guards, or at least sending out patroles now
and then, for a mile or two, they might indeed possibly have lost a
man or two in Rencountres with the enemy’s parties, and possibly
the reverse might have happened, but still they’d have secured the
main chance and prevented the whole being surprised. However by
this conduct though frequently things of considerable importance
were known at Kintore, it was impossible to send the intelligence the
remaining two miles. Nevertheless Sir Archibald Grant[360] who had
come over the hill from the south, without touching at Aberdeen, and
was certainly informed on his way that a reinforcement of French
would that night be in town, fell on a way late that night to let McLeod
know so much, and this intelligence probably prevented their
marching to attack the Rebels the next morning, till they should know
their situation more exactly. There was no body more alert or
serviceable in getting exact intelligence to the Rebels than
Stonnywood, as he knew the country and the people exactly, and as
his estate lay betwixt Aberdeen and Inverury, he had all his tenants
employed on the same service, so that on Saturday night they had
perfect intelligence of everything that concerned the McLeods.
Volunteers
There were some Aberdeen gentlemen who had been either
driven from town by the tyranny of the Rebels, or they had been sent
on messages to the President, that came all along from Inverness as
Volunteers in this expedition: among these were Mr. Forbes of Echt,
Mr. Logie a merchant, and Mr. Thomson, General Superviser of
Excise, which last gentleman especially was exceeding serviceable
both on this, and several other occasions to the Government. The
number of volunteers was increased at Inverury by Mr. Maitland,
Pitrichy, Mr. Forbes of Shieves, Forbes of Echt, Mr. Chalmers, the
now Principal of the King’s College, Mr. Gordon, Professor of
Humanity in the College, some merchants and tradesmen, several
students of Divinity and Philosophy and Prentices from both towns of
Aberdeen, and many more would have come if it had not been the
difficulty of getting out of town. But as McLeod had no spare arms,
and the volunteers could get nothing but pistols they proved of no
service. Mr. Horn, of Westhall, by promises of great rewards and
encouragement, had got his tenants to engage to follow him and join
the McLeods, and as he foresaw he could not get fire-arms, had
caused make a number of spears with iron heads, for them. But
when it came to the push, they all drew back, their hearts failed them
and they refused to rise. On which, on Monday he was sending an
Express to McLeod for a party to force them out, but his express met
them retreating.
A Detachment sent out
On Sunday McLeod was prevailed on to send a large detachment
of his own company over the water for three miles, which had a very
happy effect, driving off all the enemy’s Scouts and facilitating their
intelligence, so that they met with no less than three persons from
town that had come out in disguises and by byeways who brought
letters giving an exact account of the enemy’s numbers and
situation, which people otherways would all have been intercepted
by their Scouts. This so entirely convinced the Lieutenant that
commanded the detachment, of the necessity either of constant
patroles, or then of an advance Guard at Kintore, that he had
everything settled for one or other, never doubting but his
representation would prevail, but there was no convincing Culkairn,
so that next day there came not a man over the water at all.
The Enemy Alarmed
The Enemy’s Scouts on being thus driven off, having seen the
party but imperfectly, alarmed their friends in town with an account
that the whole of the McLeods were marching to attack them, on
which they drew together, but were soon undeceived. The same
night after it was dark they convened their men and marched three
miles out of town, as if to surprise the enemy, but whether it was only
a feint to see if their men would stand by them, or if it was owing to
any wrong notion that the McLeods were apprised of them, they
returned to town again without doing anything.
Rebels’ Artifice
This day too, they had tried a strategem to raise a mutiny among
the McLeods by bribing a tenant’s son of McLeod’s (who had been
staying with a Nonjurant Minister, teaching his children Latin and so
had imbibed all the Jacobite notions) to go to Inverury and see to
persuade the men that they were engaged in an unjust cause, that
their enemies were very numerous and powerful, and that Lord
Loudon had purposely sent them up to be cut off in a strange
country. As this fellow had their language, was their namesake and
countryman, they readily listened to him and it was taking among
them like lightening, till the fellow was found out and apprehended,
but the impression still stuck to them, till McLeod drew them all out,
and very particularly showed them the roguery.
The Rebels march
On Monday the 23rd, about 9 of clock in the morning, the Rebels
marched from Aberdeen, in order to surprise the McLeods in two
columns. The main body being about 900 was commanded by Lord
Lewis (though one Major Cuthbert,[361] a French Officer, did all the
business), crossed the Bridge of Don, and took a round about and
indirect road on the North side of the Don. The other column
consisting of their Strathboggy Battallion, and commanded by Major
Gordon, a French Officer, and Avachy, took the high road on the
south side of the river. As they had all along guarded the avenues
from the town very carefully, they did it now so effectually that there
was no possibility of sending any intelligence of their march, till they
were actually gone. When they were marching they all along kept
advance parties before their main bodies came in sight, so that when
they were observed, these parties prevented any persons getting
past with information. As the body that marched the high road had by
far the nearest way, they halted and concealed themselves in the
Church and church-yard of Kinellar about three miles from Inverury,
till the corps on the other side were suitably advanced, and
meantime had their advanced party concealed in some houses in a
low part of the road near Kintore.
This party seized the minister of Kintore, who had got some
confused notice of their march, and going out for more certain
intelligence, and observing nothing on the road, had come that
length where he was made prisoner, as also at the very same time
were no less than three people with intelligence of the Rebels’ march
from the town, who had got out when their Guards were taken off,
and escaped the main body by byeways, till being so near Inverury
they had (to shorten the way) come in there to the high road, never
doubting but they’d have met with some of the McLeods advanced
parties to protect them, as those had done that came out the former
day. The column that marched on the north side of Don had Scouts
concealed among Planting of the Earl of Kintore’s on a rising ground
that overlooked Inverury, and though some while before the enemy
came up they were observed going backwards and forwards from
the Park, and pointed out to McLeod and Culkairn as looking very
suspicious, yet by some fatality they neglected to send up and see
what they were doing. Immediately as they marched, the minister of
Rayne, who happened to be in town, rode out by the Deeside Road,
the only one left unguarded, to see if it was possible this way to get
before them; but this was so greatly about, and the road when he
came to cross the country so excessively bad that the firing was
begun or he reached Kintore. So that the first intelligence they got of
them was the Main Body being observed by their sentry, marching
down by the Earl of Kintore’s parks within a quarter of a mile of
Inverury.
McLeods draw out
McLeod, Culkairn, and all the officers with the few men they had
in town got together very resolutely, and all of them discovered a
great deal of courage on this occasion, nay, to think at all of standing
against such superior numbers bespoke no little bravery. And indeed
had they thought of sending down a party to line the Church yard of
Inverury, and had others rightly posted on a little hull, called the
Bass, both which were within a pistol shot of the Boat and Ford of
Ury where the Main body behoved to pass, and also on the Ford of
Don where Avachy, etc., passed, they certainly had done great
execution among them in their passages, and if they had not
stopped them altogether, would at least have retarded them till the
men that were canton’d at a distance had got up to their assistance,
for the Rebels had no cannon, but two old rusty ones they had taken
from ships, which got not up till long after the skirmish was over, and
though they had, would not probably have done great execution. But
the confusion and surprise of the McLeods at the unexpected
coming of the enemy made them neglect all these advantages, and
stand on the Rigs on the east side at the south end of the town, at
almost an equal distance from the Foords of Don and Ury, but at so
great a distance as to be able to do execution at neither; and their
standing here too was probably not a little owing to their then
discovering the other body of the enemy coming upon the other side
of Don, which made them irresolute how to dispose of themselves till
so many of the Rebels crossed the Ury as put it out of their power to
stop their passage there. It was also a vast loss to these
Highlanders, who were none of them disciplined, that they had only
firelocks and bayonets, and wanted their darling weapon, the
Broadsword, which is always their chief confidence.
Rebels pass the Foords
The van of the Rebels’ main body consisted of the French and
some picked men and was lead only by Major Cuthbert, these with
all the gentlemen, the volunteers, and some of the common men
crossed the Ury, very alertly, and as they passed, drew up behind the
Bass, and the Churchyard. But many of their common men ran off
and skulked by dike-sides till the action was over and could neither
be brought out by threats nor entreaties till then. Major Gordon and
Avachy with about 50 or 60 of their men crossed the Don very
briskly, and behaved well, but the rest of the Corps took shelter
among the Broom, till they saw the event.
The action began near an hour after sunset with a clear
moonshine, by some passing shots from some ten or twelve of the
McLeods who advanced so far, some to the one Foord and some to
the other, and fired on the enemy as they were passing and killed
two or three men in the water, and immediately retired. The Body
that crossed Ury moved up first to attack, but were received with two
or three fires from the McLeods, which they returned indeed two for
one, but both were at too great a distance to do great execution. But
as the party from Don was by this time coming to attack them in
flanks, and as the French were advancing with a close regular fire
and like to bear very hard on them, the McLeods found themselves
unable to stand this shock, and accordingly gave way; yet not so but
that a party of them loaded their pieces retiring, and finding some of
their men, especially the wounded, like to fall in the enemy’s hands,
they wheeled about before they were half way up the town, and
made another fire, but immediately ran off. On this the French
advanced through the town with an incessant street fire, and the rest
divided themselves and went firing up each side of it, being too by
this time joined by most of their skulking companions. After this, as
some of the McLeods were running off on the stubble ground on the
North end of the town, some person gave a cry that McLeod was
taken, on which they turned about again and made another fire but
immediately marched off. The Rebels meanwhile being at a
considerable distance and not observing them so exactly going off,
but seeing a ridge with a few furrows in it, amidst a great deal of
unploughed stubble ground, and taking it by the moonlight for a row
of men, they fired once or twice into it very successfully. And thus in
whole the firing continued for more than twenty minutes. The
companies of McLeods and Monroes that were cantonn’d out of the
town, had unluckily no Officers with them; these happened to be with
McLeod in Inverury, and went out to engage along with the men that
were there (which by the bye as there were thirty of them on guard,
and many straggling through the country seeking provisions did not
much exceed three hundred), these therefore having no body to
draw them together, ran up different ways on hearing the firing till
they met some of their friends flying, or were informed of the event,
and then they ran off. But had their officers been with them to bring
them together, and lead them up in a body to meet their friends at
the north end of the town and support them, they very possibly might
have turned the scale in their favours.
Loss on both sides

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Introduction to Information Systems

16th Edition Marakas Test Bank

Middleware is an essential component of any IT infrastructure because it allows disparate systems to

The Internet has no central computer system or telecommunications center.

Intranets can significantly improve communications and collaboration within an enterprise.

An intranet does this.

The Internet was conceived as a peer-to-peer system.

A multplexer divides a high-speed channel into multiple slow-speed channels.

IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits.

"Bandwidth" is typically measured in bits per second.

Frame relay is considerably faster than X.25.

Nobody owns the Internet.

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