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Principles of Organizational Behavior

Realities and Challenges International


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CHAPTER 9—WORK TEAMS AND GROUPS

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In the second quarter of 2010 Ford had a pretax profit of nearly $3billion and the company’s market
share had jumped 1.4%. Ford was also considered to be the best-regarded auto brand in the U.S.
according to Kelley Blue Book. The recent success at Ford is attributed to CEO Alan Mulally and his
emphasis on:
a. product mix with Ford trucks and SUVs leading the way
b. teamwork
c. restructuring to a process type design
d. paying back government sponsored bankruptcy debt
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Thinking Ahead | Looking Back MSC: K&C

2. Work groups place a strong emphasis on:


a. shared leadership
b. mutual accountability
c. products that require collective work
d. individual accountability
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C

3. A group is a collection of two or more persons with common interests or objectives, whereas a team:
a. consists of two or more persons who are loosely tied together, yet each member works
independently
b. may be dozens of people who are quickly assembled to perform a task that may only take
a few minutes
c. has several persons but the performance or contribution of any particular member is
inconsequential for the team's output
d. is usually a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common goal for which they are mutually accountable
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C

4. A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common mission,
performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable is known as
a/an:
a. group
b. cohesive group
c. work team
d. effective group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C

5. Groups emphasize all of the following except:


a. collective work products
b. individual leadership
c. individual work products
d. individual accountability
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C

6. Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-functioning group?


a. decisions are usually based on what a majority of the group wants
b. conflict and disagreement tend to be over individual personalities or approaches
c. the atmosphere tends to be stressful and formal
d. people express both their feelings and their thoughts
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C

7. The standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members are called:
a. role congruence
b. expectation consistency
c. norms of behavior
d. superordinate goals
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Norms of Behavior MSC: K&C

8. The behavioral norms expected within work groups and considered to be among the most important
from the organization's perspective are known as:
a. visions
b. organizational culture and credos
c. group cohesion
d. groupthink
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Norms of Behavior MSC: Analysis

9. Which of the following statements regarding group cohesion is NOT accurate?


a. Group cohesion can enhance job satisfaction for members.
b. Group cohesion can enhance organizational productivity.
c. Highly cohesive groups tend to have higher interpersonal exchanges away from the
workplace.
d. Highly cohesive groups are better able to control and manage their membership better than
work groups low in cohesion.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
TOP: Group Cohesion MSC: Analysis

10. Social loafing is usually:


a. a norm of behavior within a group
b. supportive of the development of group cohesion
c. detrimental to the group and may cause interpersonal conflict within the group
d. a stimulant to increased group performance
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Loafing MSC: K&C

11. A method for countering social loafing includes:


a. motivational training
b. formal evaluation of member contributions
c. emphasizing task functions
d. setting clear group goals
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Loafing MSC: Analysis

12. People may engage in immoral acts or even violent behavior as committed members of their group
when:
a. group cohesion declines
b. social loafing is emphasized
c. there is a loss of individuality
d. there is not a norm for moral behavior
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: Analysis

13. All of the following would be considered positive norms of behavior within a group except:
a. consensus decision making
b. shared leadership
c. loss of individuality
d. open discussion, or free exchange, of information concerning problems confronting the
group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: K&C

14. One of the contributing factors to the violent and aggressive acts that led to the riot that destroyed Los
Angeles following the Rodney King verdict in the early 1990s included:
a. group cohesion
b. loss of individuality
c. group sanctions
d. integrated involvement
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: Analysis

15. According to the group development model discussed in your text, a group addresses which of the
following issues?
a. personal, task, and authority issues
b. cultural, interpersonal, and task issues
c. task, authority, and cultural issues
d. interpersonal, task, and authority issues
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

16. Which of the following includes the set of interpersonal issues that need to be addressed according to
the group development model?
a. purpose, methods, and outcomes
b. trust, personal comfort, and security
c. trust, personal comfort, and inclusion
d. inclusion, personal comfort, and control
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

17. According to the group development model, which of the following set of issues need to be addressed
as part of a group’s authority issues?
a. who is in charge, management of power and influence, and security
b. expected group outcomes, who is in charge, and management of power and influence
c. expected group outcomes, who is in charge, and who has the right to tell whom to do what
d. who is in charge, management of power and influence, and who has the right to tell whom
to do what
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: Analysis

18. In the formation of effective groups, diversity is an important consideration. Which of the following is
not a type of diversity in groups?
a. interpersonal
b. ethnics
c. cultural
d. age
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Diversity | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

19. Which of the following would NOT be considered a formal or deliberately designed group in a work
setting?
a. project team
b. council of department heads
c. executive committee
d. lunch hour table group

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

20. An emergent group is known as a/an:


a. formal group
b. assigned group
c. informal group
d. temporary group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

21. In the formation of a group to create H2 (son of Hummer), GM formed a(n):


a. informal group
b. emerging group
c. unofficial group
d. formal group
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

22. A group's interpersonal compatibility may be assessed by examining which set of interpersonal needs?
a. need for achievement, inclusion, and control
b. need for affection, achievement, and power
c. need for inclusion, affection, and achievement
d. need for inclusion, control, and affection
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C

23. Dependence on guidance and direction is the defining characteristic in what stage of group
development?
a. norming
b. forming
c. performing
d. adjourning
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

24. Which stage requires that team members feel they are a part of the team for further progression in
group development to occur?
a. forming
b. storming
c. norming
d. performing

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

25. At what stage of group development does the leader need to adopt a coaching style due to team
challenges?
a. forming
b. storming
c. norming
d. performing
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

26. At what stage of group development is the leader’s role primarily one of recognition of the group’s
achievements?
a. forming
b. norming
c. storming
d. adjourning
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

27. The Science Feature of Chapter 9 provided the results of research that examined the relationship
between psychological collectivism on team performance. Which of the following best reflects the
results of this study?
a. Preference, which is the alignment of team member interests, is beneficial at the time of
group formation.
b. Team member reliance on others in the group taking responsibility can be damaging at the
time of group formation.
c. There is value in acceptance of personal responsibility within the team and in leaders
encouraging team members to get to know one another interpersonally before turning to
the team’s task.
d. All of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development | Science Feature MSC: K&C

28. Which of the following statements best reflects the punctuated equilibrium model of group
development?
a. Teams experience relational conflicts at different times and in different contexts.
b. Groups do not necessarily progress linearly from one stage to another in sequential steps
or stages.
c. Groups alternate between periods of inertia and progress toward goals with bursts of
energy.
d. All of these.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

29. The notion that groups alternate between periods of inertia and bursts of energy as they develop is
most consistent with:
a. storming–norming stage
b. forming–storming stage
c. punctuated equilibrium
d. evolution–revolution in group development
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C

30. Considerable research has examined cohesiveness of groups and its consequences. Which of the
following statements is incorrect with regard to the results of cohesiveness research?
a. Members of a highly cohesive group tend to display and experience less tension and
anxiety than members of a group that exhibits very low cohesiveness.
b. Highly cohesive groups with low productivity standards tend to produce at levels
significantly above groups with low cohesiveness.
c. Groups with low cohesiveness have more difficulty exercising control of members and
enforcing norms.
d. A highly cohesive group has minimal internal competition and can more easily resist
external pressure.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Analytic | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis

31. The set of authority and task relations among group members is known as:
a. control and sanctions
b. mutual acceptance
c. status structure
d. cohesiveness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: K&C

32. The development of group cohesiveness is negatively influenced by:


a. internal competition
b. prestige of the group
c. external pressure
d. group size when there are only five to eight members
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: K&C

33. The contributor role in a team is usually occupied by someone who:


a. is a good devil's advocate
b. is a collaborator
c. is a good facilitator, listener, and communicator
d. provides data and necessary information for problem solutions

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: K&C

34. An important role in the performance of cross-functional teams is:


a. contributor
b. data generator
c. challenger
d. integrator
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis

35. An effective team exhibits:


a. no weaknesses
b. shared leadership
c. intragroup conflict
d. formal, designated leadership
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis

36. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects research findings on gender and emergent
leadership?
a. Men were more likely to emerge as leaders than women.
b. Women were more likely to emerge as leaders than men.
c. Group members who described themselves in masculine terms were more likely to emerge
as leaders than members who described themselves as feminine.
d. Group members who described themselves in feminine terms were more likely to emerge
as leaders than members who described themselves as masculine.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis

37. The Real World Feature (9.1) revealed some of the challenges encountered by the Miami Heat during
the 2011 NBA season after signing LeBron James (LBJ) in the 2010 free agent market. To turn things
around the increase cohesion, LBJ set out guidelines that included all of the following Except:
a. start with sacrifice
b. when the going gets tough, the tough get going
c. adversity is an asset
d. manage from the inside out
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group | Real World 9.1 MSC: K&C

38. Which of the following is NOT a maintenance function of a group?


a. harmonizing conflicts
b. elaborating concepts

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
c. following others' leads
d. setting standards
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: K&C

39. Task functions relate to a group's efforts to complete an assignment. These functions include all of the
following except:
a. seeking information
b. coordinating activities
c. testing ideas
d. consensus testing
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: Analysis

40. As a member of a quality circle, you frequently check with other members to make sure all are focused
on the same problem and that everyone has opportunities to contribute. You are performing the group
maintenance function of:
a. seeking consensus
b. testing ideas
c. gatekeeping communication
d. giving information
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: Analysis

41. Tension reduction activities are considered a:


a. maintenance function
b. leadership function
c. management function
d. conflict resolution function
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: K&C

42. A team-oriented work environment places emphasis on:


a. empowerment and collaboration
b. power and authority or the distribution of power among team members
c. internal competition
d. hierarchical control by top management
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Why Work Teams? MSC: K&C

43. Teams are appropriate where:


a. the knowledge and talent of workers are dispersed across members and require integration
b. tasks are independent and complex

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
c. tasks are simple and routine
d. knowledge and talent is placed in highly skilled individuals
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Why Work Teams? MSC: Analysis

44. Cooperative rewards in work teams will have the most effective impact on:
a. speed of performance
b. accuracy of performance
c. individual satisfaction
d. none of these
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C

45. Work team effectiveness in the new team environment requires attention by management to both:
a. training and work team process
b. team structure and work team training
c. team structure and team process
d. roles and leadership
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C

46. All of the following are considered important work process issues except:
a. diversity
b. competitive behaviors
c. cooperative behaviors
d. role specification
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C

47. Which of the following problems would a quality circle NOT likely concern itself?
a. production scheduling
b. machine layout
c. quality inspection procedures
d. pay increases
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Quality Teams and Circles MSC: Application

48. Quality teams are different from quality circles in that:


a. they are more informal
b. members usually volunteer to work on quality issues on company time
c. they are more formal and assigned by upper-level management
d. they are developed at lower levels of the organization so assignments typically are made
by first line supervisors

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Quality Teams and Circles MSC: K&C

49. A small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to
address work-related problems defines:
a. a quality team
b. a quality circle
c. an empowered team
d. a self-managed team
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Quality Teams and Circles MSC: K&C

50. Integrated involvement as a social benefit of group or team membership includes:


a. emotional support
b. affection and warmth
c. opportunity for influence
d. interpersonal openness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Benefits MSC: K&C

51. The two sets of social benefits available to team or group members includes:
a. recognition and integrated involvement
b. integrated involvement and achievement
c. psychological intimacy and recognition
d. psychological intimacy and integrated involvement
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Benefits MSC: K&C

52. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the impact of dissimilarity on teams and team
members?
a. value dissimilarity is negatively related to task conflict
b. functional dissimilarity is negatively related to team involvement
c. value dissimilarity is negatively related to team involvement
d. demographic dissimilarity has no impact on OCB
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Diversity and Creativity in Teams MSC: K&C

53. All of the following were consequences of work reorganization at Southwest Industries except:
a. a group or team compensation was designed through team effort
b. a one-third decrease in production costs
c. middle managers functioned as facilitators of change and consultants to work teams
d. order lead time decreased by 30 percent

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C

54. Which of the following is not considered to be a foundation for successful teamwork?
a. working together
b. empowerment skills
c. goal clarity
d. team diversity
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C

55. Team diversity includes surface level and deep level diversity. Which of the following is not a surface
level indicator of diversity?
a. age
b. values
c. race
d. sex
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Diversity | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C

56. Self-managed teams are sometimes called:


a. quality circles
b. quality teams
c. autonomous work groups
d. cross-functional work teams
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C

57. Hambrick and Fukutomi's research on CEO tenure found that the second stage of tenure involved:
a. selecting an enduring corporate theme
b. responding to a Board of Directors mandate
c. convergence or pulling together for performance
d. experimentation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Upper Echelons: Teams at the Top MSC: K&C

58. For successful chief executive officers, their peak performance years are usually after:
a. two years
b. ten years
c. five to seven years
d. three to four years
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
TOP: Upper Echelons: Teams at the Top MSC: K&C

59. Upper echelon theory argues that:


a. turnover at the top becomes a vicious cycle
b. executive turnover will usually result in declining organizational performance
c. characteristics of the top management team can predict organizational characteristics
d. wild turkeys will have a detrimental effect on organizational performance
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Upper Echelons: Teams at the Top MSC: K&C

60. A "wild turkey" in the top management team is:


a. someone who is uncontrollable
b. a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives
c. a member of the executive team that retards the executive team’s performance
d. one who increases the homogeneity within the executive group
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Diversity at the Top MSC: K&C

61. Chief executive Robert Iger of Walt Disney has used “job swapping” as a way of preventing
stagnation. Which of the following is no a possible outcome of executive job swapping?
a. broadening an executive for further advancement
b. failure in the new role
c. loss of experience and perspective
d. all of the above are outcomes
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Diversity at the Top | Real World 9.2 MSC: K&C

62. The skills a team leader requires includes:


a. flexibility, delegation, and collaboration
b. communication, decisive decision making, and sensitivity
c. communication, delegation, and decisive decision making
d. sensitivity, flexibility, and communication
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Managerial Implications: Teamwork for Productivity & Quality
MSC: K&C

TRUE/FALSE

1. All work teams are groups, but not all groups are work teams.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

2. Groups emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products.

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

3. A group member who becomes a social loafer may negatively affect cohesiveness.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

4. The most common way for decisions to be made within a cohesive group is to vote and follow a
simple majority rule.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

5. The standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members are its norms of
behavior.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

6. Performance norms are among the most important group norms from the organization's perspective.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

7. Dependence on guidance and direction is the declining characteristic in the forming stage.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

8. Informal groups are sometimes called emergent groups.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

9. According to Tuckman, a group goes through predictable stages of development after it is developed.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

10. Informal groups do not go through the same stages of group development that formal groups go
through.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

11. After its formation, a group goes through stages of development that unfortunately cannot be
predicted.

ANS: F PTS: 1

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

12. In the performing stage of development, the group requires a coaching style from the leader.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

13. The punctuated equilibrium model of group development proposes that groups do not necessarily
progress linearly from one step to another in a predetermined sequence.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

14. Role and status structures tend to be highly defined and relatively unchanged in a fully developed
mature group.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

15. A highly cohesive group can set performance output at a level below standard.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

16. Group cohesion and intragroup conflict tend to be contradictory forces.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

17. A hierarchical status structure within a group facilitates collaborative effort and ensures that each
member contributes according to his/her ability and potential.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

18. Company imposed work pressure can disrupt group cohesion by increasing internal competition and
reducing cooperative interpersonal activity.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

19. The contributor is data driven, information sensitive, and one who adheres to performance standards.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

20. Group maintenance functions are commonly performed or provided by the designated group leader.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
21. The primary elements of group structure include goals, operating guidelines, performance measures,
and specification of roles.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

22. In order to increase the speed of a group’s performance, competitive rewards would have a better
impact then cooperative rewards.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

23. The issue of work team process issues has become less complex in the global workplace due to the
ability to use virtual work teams.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

24. Communication gatekeepers serve a maintenance role or function within groups.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

25. Quality teams are different from QCs in that they are less formal.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

26. Whereas psychological intimacy is more emotion based, integrated involvement is more behavior and
activity based.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

27. Work teams tend to be more effective and efficient when the designated leader is socially and
psychologically distant from team members.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

28. Although teams are an essential feature of a total quality work environment, there is a danger of
insufficient training and direction if too many teams are formed quickly.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

29. Psychological intimacy and integrated involvement need to be achieved in the same team or group.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
30. Self-managed teams are broad-based work teams that deal with issues beyond quality.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

31. Employees must be properly focused through careful planning and preparation before the power of
empowerment strikes.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

32. Dissimilarity tends to increase the creativity in groups and accordingly has positive impacts on groups.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

33. Demographic dissimilarity may have positive or negative effects in teams and on team members.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Diversity | AACSB: Group Dynamics

34. The most critical process skill for empowerment is goal setting.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

35. The presence of a wild turkey in the top management team can be a particularly negative force.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

MATCHING

Match the following:


a. A group member who fails to contribute to group tasks and relies on others to carry the
group.
b. A strong group characteristic that functions to keep members together as a group; or the
force that ties group members together.
c. An expected behavior that group members use as a standard.
d. The phenomenon of a group member losing his/her sense of belonging, contribution to the
group, and accountability to the group.
e. Two or more persons with mutually reinforcing skills and commitment to one another to
accomplish a task goal.
1. Norm
2. Team
3. Loss of Individuality
4. Cohesion
5. Social Loafer

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
2. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
3. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
4. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
5. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

Match the following:


a. An example of a formally designated group.
b. Strong interpersonal attractiveness among group members.
c. The first stage in a group development.
d. A benchmark against which team members are evaluated by each other.
e. The devil's advocate within a group.
6. Mutual Acceptance
7. Behavioral Norms
8. Board of Directors
9. Challenger
10. Cohesiveness

6. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
7. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
8. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
9. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
10. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

Match the following:


a. The final or mature stage of group development.
b. Non-designated leadership.
c. The facilitator and linking pin member of a cross-functional team.
d. The second stage of group development.
e. Alternate periods of inertia and bursts of energy.
11. Integrator
12. Decision Making
13. Punctuated Equilibrium
14. Emergent
15. Control and Sanctions

11. ANS: C PTS: 1


NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
12. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
13. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
14. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
15. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

Match the following:


a. Emotional closeness to other group members.
b. A task function of a team.
c. Closeness to the group and its members achieved through tasks and activities.
d. Set of authority and task relations among a group’s members.
e. A maintenance function of a team or group.
16. Consensus Testing
17. Integrated Involvement
18. Status Structure
19. Diagnosing Problems
20. Psychological Intimacy

16. ANS: E PTS: 1


NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
17. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
18. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
19. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
20. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

Match the following:


a. A cultural characteristic of an organization that encourages employee problem solving.
b. A work team that can make decisions formally made by managers.
c. Top level or executive managers.
d. The shifting of authority and responsibility downward into the organization.
e. To act alone.
21. Delegation
22. Upper Echelon
23. Autonomously
24. Self-Managed Teams
25. Empowerment

21. ANS: D PTS: 1


NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
22. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
23. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
24. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
25. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

ESSAY

1. Identify the stages of group development in Tuckman’s 5-stage model, and briefly discuss the
differences between the 5-stage model and Gersick’s punctuated equilibrium model.

ANS:
Tuckman’s 5-stage model suggests groups progress through five stages of development, which include
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups evolve through the stages in a
sequential fashion with predictable behaviors associated with each stage. Gersick’s model suggests the
5-stage model may be unrealistic. Gersick proposes that groups do not necessarily progress linearly
from one step to another in a predetermined sequence, but alternate between periods of inertia and
bursts of energy as work groups develop.

PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

2. What factors of a group work situation affect cohesiveness?

ANS:
Numerous factors can positively and negatively influence cohesiveness; some of these are size or
number of employees, length of time for task accomplishment and length of time the group is together,
external pressures, organization, location and prestige of the group, group norms, internal competitive
behavior, and closeness of supervision. Large groups (more than 25 to 30 employees) may inhibit the
development of cohesiveness. The longer the time period for group development, the greater the
cohesiveness. External pressures (in the form of close supervision) could accelerate development of
cohesion. The higher the prestige, the more likely cohesiveness will develop. Strong group norms also
increase cohesiveness. However, internal competitive behavior may hinder cohesiveness.

PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

3. Distinguish between and provide examples of task and maintenance functions of groups.

ANS:
Task functions related to getting the job done, the problem solved, and/or evaluating results. Seeking
and distributing information, assembling and coordinating resources, diagnosing the problem,
assigning personnel, and controlling work activities are task functions. Maintenance functions involve
keeping the group operating in positive ways and retaining individuals or group members. Mutual
support, tension reduction, conflict resolution, and enforcing group norms are maintenance functions.

PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4. Identify and briefly discuss the four distinguishing characteristics of a mature (well-functioning)
group.

ANS:
The distinguishing characteristics includes (1) a clear purpose and mission, (2) well-understood norms
and standards of conduct, (3) a high level of group cohesion, and (4) a flexible status structure. Stating
the purpose in terms specific goals enhances productivity over and above any performance benefits
achieved through individual goal setting. Behavioral norms for high performance and productivity set
above organizational norms characterizes high performing work groups. Smaller groups tend to be
more cohesive than large groups, and cohesion based on attraction results in effective control over
members with respect to important performance norms. Successful resolution of authority issues
within a group result in a well understood status structure. This contributes to group functioning.

PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

5. Assume you have been selected to serve on a quality team of students to assess teaching performance
in your college. What aspects of teaching and the instructional environment might your team examine?

ANS:
In terms of the instructional environment, you could study course and class scheduling, the mix of
courses (required vs. elective), class size, educational technology (computer, labs, etc.) length of class
periods, course registration procedures, classroom seating arrangements, and physical accessibility for
disabled students. Teaching performance can be assessed by direct observation, pre- and post-course
testing procedures, and through student opinion surveys of teaching effectiveness. Grading procedures,
types of tests and other course requirements, instructor preparedness, instructor availability for
individual assistance, and numerous other aspects of course instruction could be examined.

PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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12095 Walder John Cav 5L
19
12098 Wider N H 184 Nov
F 19
Nov
12123 Weatherald H W 7H
22
101 Nov
12129 Webb C M, Ser
H 23
145 Dec
12222 Williams J
A 4
Nov
12137 Wood J M 2A
23
184 Jan
12380 Watson H 65
A 2
Jan
12485 Williams B 75 B
19
Jan
12493 Walker N C 87 B
20
103 Oct
10158 Van Dyke D L 64
A 1
Nov
11810 Vanmarkes D 6E
4
Nov
12154 Vanhatterman I 4G
25
July
3958 Vogle V 78 D
25
July
3799 Yocumbs W B 93 B
22
Aug
4900 Yocum D Cav 1M
6
Aug
6103 Yingling E 78 E
18
158 Aug
6545 Yeager Samuel
D 23
49 Oct
10204 Young J B
G 2
145 Oct
11040 Young W H
F 17
11872 Yeager J 49 C Nov
6
June
1806 Zerphy J 79 E
10
148 July
4255 Zimmerman B
B 29
Aug
6573 Zane Wm 19 K
23
103 Aug
4818 Zerl S
F 25
118 Oct
11327 Zane M
E 23
Total 1808.
RHODE ISLAND.
Austin J A, S’t 1 July
3266 Cav 64
H 13

1 Aug
6231 Allen Chas “
D 21
1 June
1744 Boneley Wm “
M 8
1 June
1958 Bidmead Jas “
G 14
1 June
2521 Blake J F “
M 26
1 July
3647 Burk Jas
C 20
2 July
4261 Bether J
C 29
5 Aug
4576 Baine H
A 2
1 May
1339 Carpenter P Cav
E 24
1 May
1413 Carson B F “
K 27
- July
3810 Callihan Jas Bat
- 23
5 Sept
7966 Calvin E O, Cor Art
A 6
1 Apr
12832 Collins J H Cav 65
A 16
Delanah E B, 1 Apr
651 “ 64
S’t G 20
1217 Dix Geo “ 1 May
M 19
1 May
1435 Dickinson J, S’t “
K 28
1 July
3036 Dearborn G “
- 8
1 Aug
4742 Durden Robert “
F 5
2 Aug
4927 Doolittle G S Art
B 6
5 Aug
5670 Doyle Jas “
A 14
1 May
827 Eustace Geo C Cav
M 1
5 Oct
10203 Eaton A Art 64
A 1
1 May
939 Freelove H Cav
H 7
1 Aug
4538 Farrell Jas F Art
A 2
2 Aug
4672 Fay John
G 4
5 Aug
7356 Fay A Art
A 31
5 June
1866 Goudy John “
A 12
5 Aug
4866 Gallagher C
A 6
5 Aug
5561 Garvey Wm Art
A 13
2 Sept
8308 Green R
B 10
9978 Green Daniel 2 Sept
H 29
1 May
1075 Henry T Cav
F 13
1 June
2656 Healy A “
D 29
1 July
2746 Hunt C W “
A 1
5 July
3904 Hampstead J Art
F 24
1 Aug
7032 Hooker A Cav
G 27
5 Nov
11843 Hawkins D F
A 5
5 Nov
12016 Hanley T Art
A 15
1 June
1962 Ide S R Cav
H 14
5 July
3049 Johnson A G Art
A 8
1 July
2968 Kettell Jas Cav
B 6
2 July
3096 Kiney J
B 20
5 July
4215 Lewis Edward Art
A 29
5 Aug
5827 Littlebridge, Cor “
A 16
5 Aug
6798 Lee Cornelius “
A 25
1 Sept
7849 Leach L D Cav
F 5
Livingston J, 5 Oct
11688 A
Mus A 31
1750 Miner S Cav 1 June
D 9
2 Aug
7393 McKay Thos
F 31
3 Sept
8306 McKenna J Art
- 10
1 July
3192 Northrop E Cav
H 12
5 Sept
7904 Navoo G
K 5
1 Apr
607 Peterson John
D 18
1 Aug
7219 Rathburn J Cav
A 29
1 June
2382 Sweet M “
D 23
1 June
2563 Spink J “
H 27
Slocum Geo T, 1 July
2859 C
2 Lt A 4
1 July
4158 Smith P Cav
A 28
1 Aug
4949 Stalord J Bat
A 7
5 Aug
6186 Sisson Chas T Art
A 19
5 Aug
6187 Seymour H “
A 19
5 Aug
6351 Sullivan J “
A 21
5 Aug
7129 Sanders Chas “
A 28
7425 Slocum C A, “ 5 Aug

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