1 (a) Outline one genetic explanation of schizophrenia.

[2]

(b) Explain one strength and one weakness of the study by Freeman. [6]
2 Depression can be treated with medical treatments and it can be managed with psychological
treatments. Medical treatments include the use of electro‐convulsive therapy (ECT) and
chemical/ drug treatments. Depression can also be treated psychologically.

(a) Outline the procedure of ECT for depression. [2]

(b) (i) Explain one chemical/drug treatment for depression. [2]

(ii) Suggest one weakness of this chemical/drug treatment for depression. [2]

(c) Outline two psychological treatments for depression. [4]

(d) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using ECT for the treatment of depression. You
should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]
3 (a) Identify two characteristics of bipolar disorder. [2]
(b) Describe rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) as a treatment for depression (Ellis,
1962). [4]

(c) Explain one similarity and one difference between REBT and one biological treatment for
depression. [6]
4 In a case study by Glover, a 56-year-old married woman who had been shoplifting every day
for 14 years attended treatment sessions. Her treatment used covert sensitisation with aversive
imagery.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘aversive imagery’. [2]

(b) Suggest two strengths of the use of a face-to-face interview by a therapist treating a patient
with kleptomania. [4]

(c) Suggest why biochemical treatments might not be effective when treating kleptomania. [4]

(d) Discuss whether generalisations can or cannot be made from this case study. You should
consider both sides of the argument and include a conclusion. [5]
5 Schizophrenia can be treated with medical techniques and it can be managed with
psychological techniques. Medical treatments include the use of electro-convulsive therapy
(ECT) and drugs such as antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics. Schizophrenia can be
managed psychologically using token economy and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).

(a) Suggest one difference between medical and psychological techniques for treating and
managing schizophrenia. [2]

(b) Explain two differences between antipsychotic drugs and atypical antipsychotic drugs. [4]

(c) Explain how ECT is used to treat schizophrenia. [4]

(d) Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychological techniques to manage

schizophrenia. You should include a conclusion in your answer. [5]
6 (a) Outline the cognitive explanation of depression (Beck, 1979). [2]
(b) Describe the study by Oruc et al. (1997) about a biological explanation for bipolar disorder.
[4]

(c) Explain two strengths of the study by Oruc et al. [6]

7 (a) Explain what is meant by ‘kleptomania’. [2]

(b) Outline two of the components that Griffiths (2005) used to define addiction. [4]

(c) Explain one strength and one weakness of the definition of addiction proposed by Griffiths.
[6]