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Energy Flow diagram For Impulse Turbine

Experiment Findings · December 2018

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Abdullah Mankola
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport
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 Reservoir Elev. Turbine
Energy Flow diagram For Impulse Turbine specific

𝑊𝑜/𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = Τ ∗ 𝜔
Gross Head=ZR-ZN Effective head work
Available energy directed to the runner Turbine = 𝑊 − 𝐾𝑈 2
before Nozzle
ηpipeline Runner Bearing Mechanical Losses
Nozzle Elev. Penstock Nozzle (rotor)
Friction
Reservoir Elev.
Losses 𝜻𝑵 𝐇̀ =
𝑪𝟏 𝟐
= 𝜻𝑵
𝑪𝒐 𝟐 𝜻𝑹 W
HG=H1 Hf H=H𝝐=HG-Hf
or
𝟐𝒈 𝟐𝒈
Due to friction 𝐊 𝐔𝟐

𝑼(𝑪𝟏 − 𝑼)(𝟏 − 𝑲 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷𝟐 )

𝒇𝒍𝒑 𝒄𝒑 𝟐 𝒇𝒍𝒑 𝑸𝟐 𝒄𝟎 𝟐 in buckets

𝐄 = 𝐖/𝐠
𝟐𝒈𝒅𝒑
=
𝟏𝟐𝒅𝒑 𝟓
H𝝐=
𝟐𝒈
=H 𝑲𝑵 Bucket exit ηwheel Proportionality
Constant
angle 𝟏𝟔𝟓∘
𝟐
𝐂𝟏 with +ve
Co Ideal velocity inlet to nozzle 𝛇𝐍 = 𝐊𝐍 𝟐
= 𝐂𝐕
𝟐
=
𝐂𝐨 𝟐
dir. Of x-axis

𝑾
C1 Absolute inlet flow velocity to blade 𝜻𝑹 = 𝟐𝝂 (𝟏 − 𝝂)(𝟏 − 𝑲 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷𝟐 ) =

𝛇𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜.𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫
𝑪𝟏 𝟐 /𝟐

U Blade linear Speed = ωr Speed ratio =

𝐔 𝑊2 Frictionless bucket
𝐂𝟏 𝑊1 factor 𝟎. 𝟖 ≃ 𝟎. 𝟗

α1 Angle of inlet flow velocity = 0.0

Hydraulic. ̀𝑸
= power developed /𝝆𝒈𝑯
∪ 𝛇𝐡 = 𝛇 𝐍 ∗ 𝛇𝐑 (assume NO mechanical or
ν Speed Ratio Efficiency generator losses)
∁𝟏
Turbine
w1 Relative velocity at inlet 𝒘𝟐 𝛇 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐥𝐥 = 𝛇𝐍 (𝛇𝐑 − 𝟐𝐊𝛎𝐨𝐩𝐭 𝟐 ) 𝐖𝐨/𝐩𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜 = 𝑽 ∗ 𝑰
𝚱= 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞
w2 Relative velocity at exit 𝒘𝟏 𝐦𝐚𝐱
𝟐𝐊𝛎𝟐
𝟏 − 𝑲 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷𝟐 𝐀
𝛇 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥 = 𝛇𝐍 ∗ 𝛇𝐑 ∗ 𝛇𝐦 =𝟏−
β2 Bucket angle at exit with +ve X-direct 𝟐(𝐀 + 𝐊)
𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞
𝛇𝐑

𝐨/𝐩 𝐏𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄.𝒐/𝒑
ζ𝑅 𝑚𝑎𝑥
0.5(1 − Κ cos 𝛽2 ) 𝝎𝒔𝒑.𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 =(𝒈𝑯
𝝎√𝑷/𝝆
𝝐)
𝟓/𝟒
𝛇𝐍 (𝛇𝐑 − 𝟐𝐊𝛎𝟐 ) 𝛇𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥 =
𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
=
𝐈/𝐩 𝐏𝒉𝒚𝒅.𝑰/𝒑

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