SST-10th JAYSHREE PERIWAL HIGH SCHOOL Worksheet(2024-25)

Geography Chapter-1Resources and Development Teacher's Copy

A. Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark/ 2 Marks]
[R]1. What is a resource? Give two examples.
Ans. Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our need, provided
technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable, is termed as a resource .Eg
Soil, Machines. [1+1=2]
[U]2. State the relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
Ans. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their
economic development. [1]
[C]3. Give one reason why an equitable distribution of resources has become essential.
Ans. An Equitable distribution has become essential for sustained quality of life and global peace. [1]
[R]4. Write the meaning of Sustainable development.
Ans. Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging the
environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future
generation. [1]
[C/R]5. What do you understand about resource planning?
Ans. Resource planning is a widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. [1]
[U]6. List the name and content of the book written by Schumacher. [2]
● Book name-Small is Beautiful
● Content- Presented Gandhian philosophy on resource conservation. [1/2+1/2=1]
[U]7. State the contribution made by Brundtland Commission Report, 1987 towards resource
conservation.
Ans. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ and advocated it as a means for
resource conservation at the global level. [1]
[C/U]8. Enlist the factors that affect land use patterns of India.
Ans. Physical factors such as topography, climate, soil type ,as well as human factors such as population
density, technological capability, culture and tradition etc. [1]
[U]9. Mention the total geographical area of India.
Ans. 3.28 Million Sq km [1]
[U]10. Give reason why only 93% of land data is available in India?
Ans. Land use reporting for most of the north-eastern states except Assam is not done fully and some
areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have not been surveyed. [1]
[U]11. Define the Net Sown Area.'The pattern of Net Sown Area (NSA) varies greatly from one state to
another'. Justify.
● Net sown area is the total area sown with crops and orchards. It represents an area
in which total crops are grown only once in a year.
● It is over 80% of the total area in Punjab & Haryana and less than 10% in Himachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman & Nicobar islands. [2]
[U]12. What is meant by Gross Cropped Area?
Ans.Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross
cropped area. [1]
[U]13. What is waste land?
Ans. Waste land is land present in rocky, arid and desert areas.. [1]
[C]14. State any two reasons for showing how soil is an important natural resource. (CBSE 2015)
● Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
● It is a medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organism on the
earth [1]
[U]15. Mention the basis of classification of soils in India.
Ans. On the basis of the factors responsible for soil formations-colour, thickness, texture, age, chemical &
physical properties [1]
[U]16. Write the factors that have contributed to the development of various types of soils in India.
Ans. Relief features, landforms, climatic variations & vegetation type. (Any two) [2]
[R]17. Name the most widely spread and important soil in India.
Ans. Alluvial Soil [1]
[K]18. How is alluvial soil classified on the basis of age?
Ans. Bangar&Khadar [1]
[R]19. Give the name of a mineral in which black soil is poor.
Ans. Phosphoric content [1]
[U]20. What is the colour of Arid soils. What is the reason behind concentration of kanker in it’s lower
horizon?
● Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
● The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankarbecause of the increasing
calcium content downwards. [2]
[U]21. Give one example of the main commercial crop cultivable in laterite soil.(CBSE 2020)
Ans. Commercial crop- Cashew nuts/Cereals/ Oilseeds/Tobacco/Tea/ Coffee/Cashews/Rubber/ Coconut
(Any one) [1]
[U]22. Why is black soil tilled immediately after the first monsoon shower?
Ans. Black soil is sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first
shower. [1]
[R]23. Name the soil which develops on crystalline igneous rock.
Ans. Red Soil [1]
[U]24. 'Laterite 'has been derived from which Greek word ? What does it mean?.
Ans. 'Laterite 'has been derived from the Greek word Later which means brick.[2]
[U]25. What is badland ? What is such land called in the Chambal basin?
● The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies.
The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land.
● In the Chambal basin such lands are called ravines. [2]
B. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)
[C]1. Do you think resources are free gifts of nature as is assumed by many? Justify with a suitable
argument.
Ans. (i)No, resources are not free gifts of nature .
(ii) human beings used them indiscriminately and this has led to many major socio-economic and
environmental problems. [1+2=3]

[A]2. Analyse how human activities are responsible for depletion or degradation of resources.
OR
[E]"Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems." Justify the statement.
OR
The over exploitation of resources by humans has long-lasting consequences
for the future provision of natural resources and ecosystem services. This may
negatively affect the provision of food, increase health hazards and risks of
natural disasters, and more . Enlist any three problems faced due to over
utilisation of resources.
Ans. (i) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
(ii) Accumulation of resources in few hands, which in turn, divided the society into two segments:
haves and have nots or rich and poor.
 (iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
[1×3=3]
[R]3. When and where was the First International Earth Summit held? Explain its main objectives.
Ans. In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International
Earth summit.
(i) The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and
socio-economic development at the global level.
(ii) The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological
Diversity.
(iii) The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for
achieving Sustainable Development in the 21stcentury . [1×3=3]
[U]4. Elaborate the aims of Agenda 21. (CBSE 2016-17)
Ans. (i) It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nation Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio De Janeiro, Brazil .
(ii) It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental
damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and
shared responsibilities.
(iii) One major objective of Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local
Agenda 21. [1×3=3]
[E]5. Prove that resource planning is a complex process.
OR
[U] Explain the three stages of resource planning in India. (CBSE 2012, 2011)
Ans. (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves
surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the
resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set
up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
[1×3=3]
[U] 6. Restate the importance of conservation of resources.
OR
[E] Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain. (CBSE 2017,20)
Ans. (i) Resources are vital for any development activity.
(ii) But, irrational consumption and over- utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and
environmental problems.
(iii) It is our duty to make sure that development in the present should not compromise with the
needs of the future generations. [1×3=3]
[E] 7. Assess Gandhiji's opinion regarding the conservation of resources.
OR
[C] "The earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed
of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development?
Ans. (i) Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservationin these words,
“There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody greed”.
(ii) He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as
the root cause for resource depletion at the global level .
(iii) He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.
[1×3=3]
[U]8. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance? Explain with facts.
OR
[C]"Land is a natural resource of utmost importance". Elaborate the statement with the help of suitable
examples highlighting the value of land resources.
Ans. (i) We live on land, we perform our own economic activities like agriculture, industries etc on land
and we use it in different ways.Thus, land is a natural resource of utmost importance.
(ii) It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, transport and communication systems.
(iii) However, land is an asset of a finite magnitude, therefore, it is important to use the available
land for various purposes with careful planning. [1×3=3]
[E]9. 'India has land under a variety of relief features.' Justify.
OR
[C] What are the main advantages of India's land under a variety of relief features?
Ans. India has land under a variety of relief features, namely mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
(i) About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and
industry.
(ii) Mountains account for 30 percent, which ensures perennial flow of rivers, provides facilities for
tourism and ecological aspects.
(iii) About 27 percent of the area of the country is the plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of
minerals, fossil fuels and forests. [1×3=3]
[U]10. Give meaning of the following terms. (CBSE 2013)
(i) Current fallow land
(ii) Other than current fallow
(iii) Culturable wasteland
Ans. (i) Current fallow (left without cultivations for one or less than one agricultural year.)
(ii) Other than fallow – left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years.
(iii) Cultruable waste land – left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years. [1×3=3]
[U]11. Describe the availability of land use data in India.
Ans. (i) Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km.
(ii) Land use data, however, is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area; the land
use reporting for most of the north – east states except Assam has not been done fully.
(iii) Moreover, some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not
been surveyed . [1×3=3]
[U/C] 12. Give meaning of the term land degradation. Discuss the human activities responsible for
land degradation in India.
Land degradation- The depletion or loss in the productive capacity of land is called land degradation
Human activities
Ans.(i) Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to
conserve and manage it has resulted in land degradation.
(ii) Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated
the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land.
(iii) Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have
contributed significantly in land degradation. [1×3=3]
[C] 13.Suggest some methods to control land degradation .
Ans. There are many ways to solve the problem of land degradation.
(i) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
(ii) Planting of shelterbelts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilization of sand dunes by
growing thorny bushes are some of the method to check land degradation.
(iii) Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities , proper discharge and disposal
of industrial effluents and waste after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in
industrial areas and urban areas. [1×3=3]
[C]14. Differentiate between Khadar and Bangar soil. (CBSE - 2012)
Ans. Khadar soils Bangar soils
(i) Known as new alluvial soil.Known as old alluvium soil .
(ii) It has low concentration ofkanker. It has high concentration of kanker.
(iii) These soils are more fertile. These soils are less fertile. [1×3=3]

[R/C]15. What is soil erosion? Explain the major type of soil erosion prevailing in India.
Ans. The denudation of soil cover and subsequent washing down is known as soil erosion.
TYPES OF SOIL EROSIONS
(i) Gully erosion- The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as
gullies.
(ii) Sheet erosion- Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down the slopes. In such
cases, the topsoil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion.
(iii) Wind erosion- Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion .
[1+2=3]
[C]16. Describe the importance of judicious use of resources. (CBSE 2020)
Ans. (i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity.
(ii) Irrational consumption and over utilization may lead to socio-economic & environmental
problems.
(iii) Most of the resources are non-renewable, if exhausted, then they may not be able to be
recreated. Resources are available only in limited quantity .[1x3=3]
(Any other relevant point)
C. Long Answer Questions (5marks)
[A]1. "India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources." Examine the statement.
OR
[E/A] India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources". Support
your answer with examples.
OR
[E] Resource Planning is important for a country like India because certain regions of the country have
ample resources and are self-sufficient and independent. There are other situations, though, where there
is a shortage of vital resources, necessitating resource planning. Examine the statement with suitable
arguments .
Ans. (i) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are regions which are rich
in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
(ii) There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of
resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
(iii) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral and coal
deposits.
(iv) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources but lacks infrastructural development.
(v) The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources.
(vi) The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country.It has very rich
cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.
[1×5=5]
[U/C] 2. Explain the causes of land degradation. (CBSE 2013)
OR
[A] "There are different reasons for land degradation in different states of India." Analyse.
OR
The impacts of land degradation will be felt by most of the world’s population. ​Land degradation also
changes and disrupts rainfall patterns, exacerbates extreme weather like droughts or floods, and drives
further climate change.​It results in social and political instability, which drives poverty, conflict,
and migration.
Are you able to reconstruct the causes of land degradation?
Ans. (i) Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars. In states like
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused
severe land degradation.
(ii) In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the
main reasons for land degradation.
(iii) In states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land
degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
(iv) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards
the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
(v) Industrial effluents have become a major cause of land and water pollution. [1×5=5]
[U]3. The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. The
processes of soil formation and erosion, go on simultaneously and generally there is a balance between
the two. Suggest any five ways in which you can help to maintain this balance.
OR
Elaborate the methods of soil conservation.
(i) Proper management of grazing can help to conserve soil to some extent.
(ii) Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is
called contour ploughing.
(iii) Steps can be cut out on the slope making terrace. Terrace cultivation restricts soil erosion.
(iv) Large fields can be divided into strips; strips of grass are left to grow between the slopes. This
breaks up the force of the wind. This method is called strip cropping.
(v) There are many ways to conserve soil. Afforestation is the best way to prevent soil erosion.
[1×5=5]
[U/C]4. Summarise as to why the issue of sustainability is important for development? (CBSE
2020)
Ans. Importance of sustainable development:
i. For preserving resources for the future generation.
ii. Judicious use of resources as resources is limited.
iii. By using renewable resources.
iv. To control over-usage of resources.
v. Non-renewable resources will get exhausted.
vi. Fixed stock of resources.
vii. To control environmental degradation.
(Any other relevant point)(Any five to be explained) [1x5=5]

[U/R]5.Give a brief account of the major soil types found in India. (Refer the given table)
OR
Describe any three main features of “Alluvial Soil” found in India. (CBSE 2019)
OR
Describe any three main features of “Black Soil” found in India. (CBSE 2019)
Ans.---- Refer to the attached table of soils.

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