READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Dr. FranciscoDr
Dan L. Salud Jr.
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“We shall not cease from exploration
And the end of our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time.
“
T.S. Eliot
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HISTORY

▸ Historia (Latin)
▸ Histoire (French)
▸ Geschichte (German)
▸ Historya (Filipino)
▸ ἱστορία (Greek)
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ἱστορία
“inquiry”
knowledge from inquiry
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Historya/kasaysayan

▸ (h)istorya
▸ (h)istoria
▸ History as a NARRATIVE, of the
past
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casaysayan
is “meaning,”
not “history”
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historya/kasaysayan

▸ If historya, historia is a narrative

▸ KASAYSAYAN is rooted
▸ salaysay---storyor narrative
▸ saysay---sense or meaning
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historya/kasaysayan

▸ KAAGI
▸ Cebuano word for history
▸ “The path you have passed”
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Kasaysayan is a narrative of
the past that is relevant to the
present.
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History is not just dates,

names, places, events it
must be REVELANT.
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History
as
(IN)FORMATION
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History should teach us

that don’t have to be the
way they are.
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How do we liberate
ourselves from the past?
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“Go ahead then; study,

study, and meditate well
what you study.
Rizal to Freding, Dec. 1893
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“To live is to be among

men and to be among
men is to struggle…It is
an eternal struggle with a
smile on the lips and tears
in the heart.”
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“On this battlefield man

has no better weapon
than his intelligence, no
other force but his heart.”
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“Sharpen, perfect, polish

your mind; fortify and
educate your heart.”
Rizal to Freding, Dec. 1893
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What do others say?

▸ A branch of knowledge that records

and explains past events. – Merriam
Webster
▸ The study of or a record of past
events considered together, especially
events of a particular period, country,
or subject. – Cambridge Dictionaries online
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What do others say?

“History is the witness that testifies

to the passing of time; it
illuminates reality, vitalizes
memory, provides guidance in
daily life, and brings us tidings of
antiquity.”
-CICERO-
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Why do we study history?

▸ To know more about the roots of our current

culture.
▸ To learn about the mistakes of those who have
gone before us.
▸ To learn about human nature in general by looking
at the trends that repeat through history.
▸ To learn historical facts.
▸ To learn about how different factors shape society
e.g. religion, greed, the intersection of different
cultures, technology, etc.
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Why history is important?

▸ In sum, we study history to learn

about who we are-both our past and
our present.
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Who investigates history?

▸ Archaeologists
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Who investigates history?

▸ Anthropologists
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Who investigates history?

▸ Oral Historians
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Who investigates history?

▸ Chemists
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Who investigates history?

▸ Linguists
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HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED

▸ Finding out about history is a lot like trying

to solve a mystery….
▸ You must look for clues.
▸ You must interpret those clues.
▸ You should bring all the clues together to
shed light on each other.
▸ You must reinterpret each clue every time
you find a new clue.
▸ You must then try fill in the gaps and come
to an educated conclusion.
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SOURCES

▸ Scholars call anything that gives us a clue

about history “Sources.”
▸ Sources fall into two major categories:
1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources
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Do you know what is meant by
primary source?

▸ A primary source is a document

or physical object which was
written or created during the time
under study. These sources were
present during an experience or
time period and offer and inside
view of a particular event.
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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ First-hand account of events

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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ Artifacts

An object made by
a human being,
typically an item of
cultural or historical
interest.
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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ Historical documents
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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ Memoirs
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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ Oral Histories
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EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

▸ News prints
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MORE EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY
SOURCES
▸ Diaries
▸ Poetry
▸ Personal interviews
▸ Government documents
▸ Autobiographies
▸ Peer-reviewed journal articles of new findings
▸ photographs
▸ Video
▸ Etc.
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What do you think is meant by
Secondary Source?

▸ A secondary source interprets and

analyzes primary sources. These
sources are one or more steps
removed from the event.
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What are included as Secondary
Source?

▸ Textbooks
▸ Encyclopedia
▸ Magazine articles dealing with
issues from the past
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SOURCES:

▸ Francisco, P. M. (2015). Philippine History. Place of

Publication: Publisher.
▸ Delos Santos, A.R. (2014). Philippine History: A Review on the
continuous tribulations and triumphs. Place of Publication:
Publisher
▸ Philippine History and Government by: Gregorio Zaide and
Sonia Zaide, 2013
▸ Pila. R.A. (2013). The Rise of the Philippine Republic. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
▸ Gottschalk, L. (copyright date). Understanding History. Place
of Publication: Publisher.
▸ www.slideshare.com
▸ www.google.com/images