Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NURT2305 Care of The Childbearig Family
NURT2305 Care of The Childbearig Family
Spring 2012
The University of Texas at Austin
School of Nursing
N365P Spring 2012
Table of Contents
Placement ................................................................................................................................. 2
Course Credit ........................................................................................................................... 2
Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................. 2
Facilitator ................................................................................................................................. 2
Faculty...................................................................................................................................... 2
Office Hours............................................................................................................................. 2
Course Description................................................................................................................... 2
Course Objectives .................................................................................................................... 3
Clinical Time ........................................................................................................................... 3
Required Textbooks ................................................................................................................. 3
Recommended Textbook ......................................................................................................... 3
Recommended DVD ................................................................................................................ 3
Teaching/Learning Strategies .................................................................................................. 4
Course Policies......................................................................................................................... 4
In Case of Emergency .............................................................................................................. 9
Course Schedule..................................................................................................................... 11
Evaluation and Grading ......................................................................................................... 15
Assignments and Percent of Grade ............................................................................ 15
Introductory Lecture/Clinical Series .......................................................................... 15
Clinical Practicum.................................................................................................................. 16
Clinical Performance ............................................................................................................. 16
Clinical Conference ............................................................................................................... 16
Clinical Preparation/Online Tests .......................................................................................... 16
Exemplar Patient Presentation ............................................................................................... 17
Exemplar Patient Presentation Grading Criteria .................................................................... 18
Nursing Process Reports ........................................................................................................ 19
NPR Instructions .................................................................................................................... 19
Nursing Process Report Grading Rubric................................................................................ 20
Expected Behaviors for All Clinical Experiences ................................................................. 21
Guidelines for Childrearing Grade Determination ................................................................ 23
Student Data Sheet ................................................................................................................. 26
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period ........................... 27
Postpartum Data Sheet ............................................................................................... 29
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Intrapartum Period .......................... 33
Labor and Birth Data Sheet........................................................................................ 35
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Newborn ........................................................................ 38
Newborn Data Sheet .................................................................................................. 40
Childbearing Clinical Component - Evaluation Tool ............................................................ 44
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Course Credit: Three semester hours based on 16 hours/week for seven weeks
Course Description: This course is the clinical application of the concepts, theories, processes
and skills presented in the co-requisite courses and which are pertinent to the care of women and
their families during the childbearing years. The primary settings for student learning are the
maternity units of local acute care hospitals.
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Course Objectives: At the conclusion of this course the student should be able to:
1. Integrate theoretical and empirical knowledge from nursing, physical, and behavioral
sciences into the nursing care of childbearing families.
3. Apply nursing process to the care of women and their families or support systems during
the childbearing period.
4. Collaborate with other members of the health care team in providing care to families
during the childbearing period.
5. Practice responsibility and accountability for performing nursing actions and evaluating
the results of those actions.
7. Select and utilize nursing research findings which relate to nursing care of families and
infants.
Clinical Time: Each clinical group meets for 16 hours/week (Mondays and Tuesdays) every
week for seven weeks. The schedule is coordinated with companion course
N265, as most students take both courses concurrently.
Required Textbooks:
Lowdermilk, D. L., Perry, S. E., & Cashion, M. C. (2010). Maternity nursing (8th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby (ISBN: 978-0-323-06661-7).
Recommended Textbook:
Green, C. J. (2012). Maternal newborn nursing care plans (2nd ed.). Independence, MO: Jones
& Bartlett Learning.
Recommended DVD:
Mosby’s nursing video skills: Maternal-newborn & women’s health (2007). St. Louis: Mosby.
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Teaching/Learning Strategies:
• Clinical practicum
• Research article and exemplar patient presentation
• Nursing process reports and data sheets
• Online tests (as evidence of clinical preparation)
• Post-tests on designated material presented in class/lab sessions
• Simulation Lab sessions
Course Policies:
Minimum Grade Criteria: Students must earn a "C" in each clinical performance component of
the course (the childbearing component and childrearing component), before the grades
will be tabulated for the course grade.
Policy on Removal from Clinical Setting: Consistent performance of the three critical elements
of nursing care practice is expected. Students who demonstrate a pattern of failure in any
one of these three critical elements will be removed from the clinical setting and not
allowed to progress to other clinical areas.
Attendance Policy: Students are expected to attend all clinical sessions. This includes classes in
the Skills Lab and Clinical Practicum lab days in various clinical agencies and
community settings. Failure to appear for scheduled clinical practicum sessions and
tardiness are viewed as unprofessional behavior. Students who are absent or tardy may be
required to complete alternate assignments at the instructor's discretion. Students may be
dropped from a practicum course or may receive a failing grade for patterns of absences
or tardiness. Please consult each course syllabus for the specific attendance policy for
each course.
“No credit” for the course will result if the student has two unexcused absences or two
unacceptable reasons for missing lab.
Course Repeat Policy: A student may repeat a nursing course only once. If the student does not
earn a grade of at least "C" upon repeating the course, the student cannot continue in the
School of Nursing. If, while repeating the course, the student drops the course or
withdraws from The University at a time when the student's performance in the course is
considered to be inferior to that required for a grade of "C", the student may not reenroll
in the course or continue in the School of Nursing.
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Religious Holidays: Regular attendance at all class meetings is expected. Instructors are
responsible for implementing attendance policy and must notify students of any special
attendance requirements.
A student who is absent from a class or examination for the observance of a religious
holy day may complete the work missed within a reasonable time after the absence, if
proper notice has been given. Notice must be given at least 14 days prior to the classes
scheduled on dates the student will be absent. For religious holy days that occur within
the first two weeks of the semester, notice should be given on the first day of the
semester. It must be personally delivered to the instructor and signed and dated by the
instructor, or sent certified mail, return receipt requested. A student who fails to complete
missed work within the time allowed will be subject to the normal academic penalties.
Special regulations of colleges and schools, required by the unique nature of their
programs of study, may be enacted through the normal legislative process and printed in
“The Undergraduate Catalog”. These special regulations may not conflict with University
regulations on class attendance and absence.
Student Conduct Policy: Students and faculty in the School of Nursing each have responsibility
for maintaining an appropriate learning environment. Faculty have the professional
responsibility to treat students with understanding, dignity and respect and to guide the
teaching/learning process. Students are expected to refrain from verbal and nonverbal
behaviors in the classroom and clinical that may be distracting to others, such as, but not
limited to: arriving late or leaving early, side conversations, text messaging, note passing,
surfing the internet or answering e-mail on laptops, and answering cell phone or pager.
Students who persistently engage in behaviors that are disruptive to the teaching/learning
process may be required to leave the setting. For further information refer to General
Information, Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities, Chapter 11: Student
Discipline and Conduct.
The School of Nursing is a professional school and we often have members of the public
visiting our facility; therefore, we require students to dress in a professional manner at all
times. There is a very specific School of Nursing uniform policy for clinical settings and
within the School of Nursing building we can be a bit more relaxed; however, general
rules of dress still apply.
1. Body piercing, other than ears, must not be visible.
2. Revealing clothing must not be worn or, at a minimum, must be covered while in
the School of Nursing. Revealing clothing consists of:
i. midriff baring shirts
ii. short-shorts or short skirts
iii. low-rise pants &/or low cut shirts that reveal “cleavage”
Please remember that you are representing the School of Nursing and the nursing
profession. As such you are expected to maintain an appropriate level of professionalism
at all times.
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a. As a requirement for clinical course progression (N325P, N355P, N365P, N366P and
N377P), each student must pass a medication calculation/conversion and abbreviation
test with a grade of at least 90% on each section, each semester.
b. Each student is expected to utilize assigned and recommended learning resources to
prepare for taking the test.
c. The medication test will be scheduled by the instructor at the beginning of each semester.
d. Calculators may be used for testing, but no programmable calculators are allowed. No
formulas, conversion tables, or personal data assistants (palm pilots, pocket PCs, or cell
phones) will be allowed.
e. If a score of 90% is not achieved on the first test, the student must meet with the
instructor to develop a learning contract.
f. The agreed upon learning activities in the contract must be completed prior to re-testing.
g. Re-testing will be scheduled by the instructor.
h. If a score of 90% is not achieved after the first re-test, additional learning activities and
testing will be required until competency is achieved.
i. Because accurate calculation of drugs is essential to patient safety, students will not be
allowed to give medications in clinical settings until the medication test has been
successfully passed.
j. Insufficient experience in medication administration in the clinical setting may affect the
achievement of clinical objectives and result in failure of the course.
Infectious Disease Policy: Students in all clinical courses are asked, but not required, to report
any infectious diseases they are carrying at the time of the clinical placement to
supervising faculty and the clinical agency. The purpose of this request is to give faculty
and agencies an opportunity to make reasonable accommodations for student, staff, and
patient needs. Acute illness must be reported promptly to your instructor.
Compliance Policy: All UT Austin School of Nursing students who are enrolled in clinical
courses at any time during the academic year must be fully compliant PRIOR to the first
class day or they will be dropped from their clinical course(s). The only students who are
exempt from this compliance policy are those who are enrolled in lecture-only courses
(e.g., PhD students). Students may petition to be re-enrolled in clinical course(s) only
after compliance is confirmed by the Student Affairs office. If the petition is approved,
students will be re-enrolled; however, students will not be guaranteed their preferred
clinical site or instructor. Students are responsible for maintaining their compliance
throughout the semester. Students must bring copies of their compliance information
(immunization records, CPR certification, compass training, and any agency-specific
training, etc.) to the Student Affairs office, NUR 2.104A, in order to update their record.
Please call the Student Affairs office at (512) 232-4780 with any questions about
compliance.
Students Transporting Clients in Their Personal Vehicles: Students are not permitted to transport
clients or family members of clients in their own or other vehicles at any time.
Malpractice liability insurance does not provide coverage should an accident or other
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untoward event occur while transporting a client. Students are encouraged to assist the
client to make transportation arrangements with family, friends, neighbors, volunteer
agencies, or public transportation resources.
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Scholastic Dishonesty Policy and Professional Integrity: Refer to the General Information for
information on the Scholastic Dishonesty Policy Sec. 11-802. Scholastic dishonesty
includes, but is not limited to cheating, plagiarism, collusion, falsifying academic records,
and misrepresenting facts. The Dean of Students Office records acts of dishonesty and
notifies the School of Nursing of each incident. In addition to all of the University
statements and policies relative to academic dishonesty, the School of Nursing recognizes
the strong link between honesty in academic work and professional integrity. Any act of
academic dishonesty, including fabrication of reports or records of interactions with
clients, is considered incompatible with ethical standards of nursing practice. The School
of Nursing does not admit students who have a record of violations to the professional
sequence. Students who engage in scholastic dishonesty may be subject to dismissal and
may jeopardize their eligibility for licensure as a registered nurse.
Academic and Program Accommodations for Students with Disabilities: Refer to the General
Information for information on Academic and Program Accommodations for Students
with Disabilities or contact the Services for Students with Disabilities office in the Office
of the Dean of Students at 471-6259. The School of Nursing works to ensure that students
who have disabilities have equal access to the University’s programs and services.
If you have any questions about services or accommodations for students with
disabilities, please talk with the faculty member, the Assistant Dean for Undergraduate
Programs, or the Assistant Dean for Student and Clinical Affairs or directly call the
Office of the Dean of Students, Services for Students with Disabilities, 471-6259.
Honor Code: The profession of nursing has a legacy of public respect and trust. We provide
specialized care for the health needs of individuals and the community with integrity,
honesty, compassion, and state of the art knowledge and skills. Learning and practicing
responsible and ethical professional behavior is a vital part of professional education. The
Institutional Rules on Student Services and Activities given in the General Information
Catalog (Chapter 11) and The University of Texas at Austin’s Honor Code apply to all
nursing students:
The core values of The University of Texas at Austin are learning, discovery, freedom,
leadership, individual opportunity, and responsibility. Each member of the University is
expected to uphold these values through integrity, honesty, trust, fairness, and respect
toward peers and community.
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Policy Related to Progression Within and Between Clinical Nursing Practicum Courses: Since
S1 students are enrolled in N365P (Maternity) and N366P (Pediatrics) simultaneously, if a
student fails one of these courses during the first half of the semester, she/he must proceed with
taking the other course during the second half of the semester and then must register the
following semester in order to retake the failed course.
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IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
• In a calm and orderly manner, proceed to evacuate the area and follow the instructions of the
Fire Wardens or emergency response personnel. Each floor has two designated wardens.
Their role is to ensure that everyone on their floor has proceeded to the fire exit stairs.
• Do not rush, push or panic.
• Close your office, classroom, or lab door behind you.
• EVACUATE to the designated ASSEMBLY AREAS. If your progress to the PRIMARY
assembly area is impeded, proceed to the ALTERNATE assembly area.
• DO NOT USE ELEVATORS TO EVACUATE. Descend the nearest fire exit stairs in single
file down to the GROUND LEVEL (first floor) and exit the building. Fire exit stairs are
located on the southwest and northwest ends of the building.
• If there is someone who requires assistance, please provide it.
• Do not reenter the building unless directed by UTPD or an Austin Fire Department Officer
in charge.
ASSEMBLY AREAS:
From NORTHWEST FIRE STAIR EXIT—proceed to first floor stairwell exit door to outside of
building. DO NOT ENTER FIRST FLOOR HALLWAY AND EXIT THROUGH GLASS
DOORS. Primary assembly area is across the north bridge toward tennis courts. Alternate
assembly area is east end of F23 parking lot near Red River St.
From SOUTHWEST FIRE STAIR EXIT— proceed to first floor stairwell exit door to outside of
building. DO NOT ENTER FIRST FLOOR HALLWAY AND EXIT THROUGH GLASS
DOORS. Primary assembly area is south to Centennial Park. Alternate assembly area is across
south bridge toward tennis courts.
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to tennis courts
creek
to park
Red River
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1215-1300 Lunch
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Labor Assessment
p. 336-382
Fetal Monitoring
p. 316-330
Postpartum
p. 383-391, 395-407
1100-1200 Lunch
NUR 2.104A
1200-1500 Simulation Lab II (Anderson)
Newborn Assessment
p. 457-473, 479-490
Labor Assessment
p. 336-382
Fetal Monitoring
p. 316-330
Postpartum
p. 383-391, 395-407
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1100-1200 Lunch
1130-1230 Lunch
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Labor Assessment
p. 336-382
Fetal Monitoring
p. 316-330
Postpartum
p. 383-391, 395-407
1100-1200 Lunch
Newborn Assessment
p. 457-473, 479-490
Labor Assessment
p. 336-382
Fetal Monitoring
p. 316-330
Postpartum/Parenting Assessment
p. 383-391, 395-407
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Students are evaluated on their clinical performance and completion of their assignments.
Instructors use grading rubrics so that student assignments receive equivalent evaluations.
However, clinical sites and situations vary; therefore, anticipate differences between clinical
groups in the way assignments are to be completed. Each clinical instructor will determine
assignment requirements and due dates. Complete each assignment individually. Assignment
guidelines follow in this syllabus.
* Clinical assignments that are not turned in on the due date will be dropped one letter grade for
each day past due. Exceptions will be made only when the student has negotiated a new due
date with the clinical instructor prior to the due date.
During the first three days of the course the instructors will present the basic concepts and
assessment techniques that are required for the nursing care of childbearing women and their
newborns. A combination of simulation and lecture will be utilized to present these concepts and
assessments.
Attendance is mandatory.
A post-test will be given at the end of each two-hour session. Attendance at each simulation
station provides full credit for that station. Cumulative performance on post-tests and simulation
attendance will account for 2% of your clinical grade. Lecture post-tests cannot be made up.
Students who fail to attend simulation will receive a 0 for each station missed. In the event of
exceptional circumstances, which make it impossible for a student to be present for simulation,
the instructor must be notified in advance. If the absence is excused, the student may make
arrangements with the instructor to take a quiz for each simulation station missed. These quizzes
will contain material from the assigned corresponding readings.
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Clinical Practicum:
Students will be assigned to a maternity unit where they will care for pregnant women, new
mothers, and newborns. Students will perform systematic assessments of their patient(s),
consider family and social support systems, identify the patient's actual and potential nursing
diagnoses, plan and provide nursing interventions for those diagnoses, and evaluate the
effectiveness of the interventions. Patient education is also an important part of mother-baby
care; therefore, education will be part of pre-discharge care and post-discharge planning.
Clinical Performance:
Criteria and guidelines for clinical performance are specified in the "Clinical Evaluation Tool"
(course syllabus). Clinical performance and study guides will count for 60% of your grade for
this course.
As indicated on the "Clinical Evaluation Tool," the following three criteria are considered
CRITICAL ELEMENTS in the student's evaluation. If the clinical instructor observes behaviors
which in his/her judgment indicate that the student is not meeting any one of these three criteria
at a passing level, the student will not receive a passing grade, regardless of the behaviors
assessed in the remainder of the evaluation tool.
1. Delivers nursing care that prevents real or potential personal harm to clients and their
families.
2. Demonstrates having a theoretical knowledge base necessary for clinical practice.
3. Demonstrates the use of communication skills necessary for patient safety.
Clinical Conference:
Each clinical group will have a weekly conference that may be scheduled at the hospital or
School of Nursing. The conference time is used as a discussion period to relate information
presented in N265 to the actual patients cared for by the students. Students are expected to bring
to the clinical conference examples of how they have applied concepts, theories and processes in
the clinical setting. The objectives for clinical conference include:
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Over the duration of this course, you will have the opportunity to work with a variety of patients
who are experiencing unique challenges in their lives. For this presentation, consider these
patients and select one that was an exemplar case for you (maternity/newborn). Exemplar cases
are those which stand out as powerful instances of experiential learning (Benner, 1984, From
Novice to Expert). Experience in exemplar cases results in a “turning around of preconceptions”.
Because learning is a very personal activity, the focus of the exemplar case resides with the
individual student’s identification of personal knowledge growth in some arena of nursing
practice.
Purpose: The purpose of this activity is for the student to synthesize a meaningful learning
experience and share this learning with faculty and peers.
Directions:
1. Select one maternity or newborn client who was cared for during clinical for presentation
to the clinical class of N365P.
2. Review clinical notes and synthesize the pertinent data for presentation.
3. Introduce the client case by sharing characteristic data such as age, race, marital status,
diagnosis, and any pertinent history that may have had an impact on the learning
experience.
4. Clearly identify what made this case a meaningful learning experience for you.
5. Describe how you foresee this exemplar experience changing or influencing your future
nursing care of clients.
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2. Presentation was creative, presented in your own words (not read). Used learning tools
(i.e. posters, overheads, handouts, props, PowerPoint recommended).
Student Grade
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NPR Instructions:
Choose your patient's highest priority problem (aka nursing diagnosis) to develop in detail. You
may choose to use a "high risk for" diagnosis, since many patients are not ill. State the patient’s
problem as actual or high risk….related to: (main etiological factor)…as evidenced by (AEB):
(data pertaining to signs/symptoms). If using a "risk for" diagnosis, you will not have the "AEB".
For each diagnosis, include the following:
Assessment
1. What are the defining characteristics (general signs and symptoms) that your patient is
having that prompted this diagnosis (mark with an asterisk which ones your patient has)?
If this is a "risk for" diagnosis, what symptoms would you look for?
2. What are the risk factors for this diagnosis (mark with an asterisk which ones your patient
has)? What is the related pathophysiology (i.e., why is your patient having this problem
or at risk for this problem? Be specific about your patient's circumstances.
3. List relevant assessment data. List actual patient behaviors, vital signs, lab results, etc.
Take into consideration this patient's specific condition and location of care (examples:
she is in active labor or newborn infant recently admitted to Newborn Nursery).
Planning
What are your overall goals for your patient? What are your objectives to meet these goals? They
should be measurable, realistic and appropriate for this patient’s specific condition. For
example: The patient will by (date/time) .
Implementation
What nursing interventions will you implement to help your patient achieve their goals? Please
use the first person to describe what you did (i.e., "(My nurse and) I did " or "I
would do ). Provide a reference (including page numbers) and rationale for
all orders, where applicable. Be sure to include patient and family education. After researching
the literature for your NPR, you may realize that there were more things you could/should have
done, but perhaps you did not know to do them, or didn't have the chance. Include these
interventions also with explanation for why they weren't done, and what you would do next time.
Evaluation
Assess your patient's response to each nursing intervention. Was it resolved, revised or to be
continued? If the intervention was not done, explain why.
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Data Sheet 20
Assessment
Defining Characteristics
• Review the major and minor defining characteristics listed for the diagnosis in the textbook.
(Indicate by asterisk which ones apply to your patient.)
• List the assessment data (patient behaviors, lab results, etc.) to indicate whether the defining
characteristics (signs/symptoms) are present for this patient.
Related Factors
• State the main etiological factor and most pertinent contributing factors (include related 20
pathophysiology).
• Remember that high-risk problems do not have signs or symptoms, but have risk factors
instead.
Planning: Overall Goal (State one overall goal for your patient)
Objectives and Target Dates (should be measurable, realistic, and appropriate)
The patient will: AEB
1. by (date). 20
2. "
3. "
(etc.)
Implementation
Nursing Orders (including rationale and reference with page number if taken from text.)
Nursing orders must be prioritized.
The nurse will: 20
1.
2.
3. etc.
Evaluation
A. Assess patient response to nursing orders that were implemented and revise orders if
indicated. If nursing orders not implemented, state reason.
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B. State if objective is resolved, revised or to be continued. Include data (patient behaviors)
to support each judgment. If objective is to be continued, give date to reevaluate.
C. State if overall goal(s) was met.
Reference list (include scholarly reference list at end of process.)
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The following behaviors are consistent with the role of a professional person and are expected of
nursing students. Also, please refer to Student Responsibilities outlined in the School of Nursing
Catalog.
1. Report for clinical at the specified time. The shift starts at 6:45 a.m. or 2:45 p.m. If the
student is unable to attend or will arrive late, the instructor must be notified by phone (not
e-mail) prior to the scheduled starting time or as soon as possible when emergency
circumstances arise. If the instructor cannot be reached, the student must call the clinical
agency, leaving a message for the charge nurse and instructor.
2. Complete all assignments on the due date or make prior arrangements with the instructor.
3. Come to the clinical at a physical and mental level that will not jeopardize the care given
to the client and that will promote own learning.
4. Come to the clinical with the knowledge/skills necessary to meet the objectives of the
day's experience. If not adequately prepared, the instructor reserves the right to send the
student home.
5. Follow general student uniform policies: Please refer to the Undergraduate Student
Manual or website http://www.utexas.edu/nursing/html/courses.html
6. Always identify yourself and your purpose to the person in charge whenever appearing in
an agency if you are not with the instructor.
7. Promote client safety and well-being and minimize liability of the student and the
instructor in the following ways:
b. Keep client information confidential. Do not use names on notations made about
clients or on written assignments for your clinical experience. Also, do not use
doctors' names, patient medical record numbers, or account numbers. Use initials
only. Do not leave notes about an identifiable client anywhere where
nonprofessional individuals may read them. Per hospital policy, do not copy
patient records (ex. laboratory or radiology reports).
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g. Give a verbal report regarding your patient(s) to the appropriate agency nurse
when leaving the unit and/or as the patient's condition warrants it.
8. Give prescribed medications for your patient(s) on time. When giving any medication,
you need to know the trade and generic names, classification, purpose for which it is
given, main action of drug, side effects, usual dosage, contraindications, and nursing
implications. You are not allowed to give any medication without this basic information.
a. The instructor and/or clinical teaching assistant must be present as you prepare
and administer the medication at all times unless you are instructed otherwise.
b. The instructor will be present whenever you give an injection and when you
administer a drug intravenously. If the instructor cannot be with you, ask the
appropriate staff RN to give the medication.
d. Prior to giving a prn by any route, let the instructor know of your intent to do so.
If the instructor is not on the unit, page her.
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Criteria The “A” Student – Performs The “B” Student - Gives The “C” Student - The “D” Student - Performs
in a consistently outstanding quality nursing care; Consistently performs in a inconsistently and frequently
manner in all areas performance is consistently safe manner in an unsafe manner
good
Nursing actions are performed Nursing actions are carried out Level of performance is Cannot perform nursing skills
Competence
in a consistently well- in a safe and organized inconsistent; may apply self safely; repeats previous
Technical
organized fashion; correctly manner; nursing principles are when particularly interested - errors/mistakes; unable to
applies nursing principles to applied to most skills pay less attention in other apply nursing principles to
all skills performed areas; nursing principles skills
applied to some skills
Applies scientific and nursing Scientific and nursing Needs assistance in applying Does not utilize knowledge
knowledge consistently as the knowledge is utilized in scientific and nursing when providing nursing care;
basis for meeting the needs of planning and implementing knowledge for planning and unable to make decisions
Application of Knowledge
the client/family; is creative, nursing care most of the time; providing nursing care; does appropriate to specific client
flexible and independent in is generally flexible; identifies not demonstrate much needs; can’t identify simple
identifying and testing out questions/issues that need flexibility in meeting the problems; neglects importance
alternatives, approaches, investigation, needs assistance client and family needs; shows of community resources to
teaching methods, motivating in planning corrective action; a preference for investigation discharge
factors; identifies questions or shows less preference for of simple problems;
issues that need investigation investigation of complex retrospectfully aware of
and plans corrective action; problems; aware of community resources
consistently reviews community resources;
community resources for connects clients as able
client/family's long term needs
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ideas; ongoing self- generally open to new gives only partial unaware of the significance
evaluation is an inherent ideas and moves on them; consideration to the of own actions; unable to
part of the student’s work; usually is aware of the significant implications and utilize or accept constructive
identifies specific areas of need for and purposes of consequences of own actions criticism
strength as well as areas supervision; able and
needing personal growth willing to evaluate self;
and learning; able to take may need to identify
risks, allows self to fail; strengths and limitations
identifies possible reasons
for failure, tries again
Is well-organized, sets Is organized and sets Needs assistance with work Needs assistance daily with
appropriate priorities based appropriate priorities with organization, priority setting, work organization, priority
on expressed client and some direction; is thorough planning and implementing setting, planning and
family needs and on own with most clients and care; often becomes bogged implementing care; unable to
Management
assessment of needs and families; acts as a patient down with extraneous plan client care; unable to
resources; can clearly advocate in managing details; serves as patient identify situations in which
define reasons (or lack of patient care advocate when directed by to serve as a patient advocate
reasons) for priorities; others
assumes the role of patient
advocate to enhance the
quality of nursing care
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comprehensive, clearly stated, than creative; written shows little or no independent questionable in their therapeutic
organized and logical; gives work is clear, organized thinking; may include broad effectiveness and/or logic;
evidence of independent and and logical; selects generalizations without logical written work shows little
creative thinking; shows pertinent material; background; has difficulty in understanding of cause/effect
movement from broad evidence of thought and moving from generalizations to relationships; cannot function
generalities to specifics - independent thinking; specifics; nursing interventions therapeutically without
inferences, assumptions, etc.; provides safe nursing are often based upon an assistance
individualizes nursing care with consideration assessment which lacks scope,
interactions - direct care, for comfort to the client insight and comprehensiveness;
counseling and teaching on basis and family tends to see and work with the
of client and family needs obvious and immediate needs
Recognizes subtle clues to Is perceptive to overt Relationship with clients and Unable to establish working
relationships and behaviors; is and some covert needs families, peers, co-workers and relationships with clients,
perceptive to overt and covert of clients and family, instructors are variable; has families, peers or instructor;
needs of clients and families, peers, and co-workers; some self-awareness; needs lacks insight into own behavior;
Interpersonal Skills &
peers and co-workers; is self- with a little direction is assistance in looking at own unaware of clients’’ and
Communication
aware; can identify own attitudes able to recognize subtle values and attitudes in relation families’ response to student’s
and values as they fit in or clues to relationship to those of clients and families; behavior or methods of
conflict with others; aware of the and behavior; is self- may lack insight into the effects communication
effect of self on others. aware; is willing to of own behavior on others
Developmentally appropriate look at own values and
with children and families. attitudes in relation to
those of clients and
families; may not
always recognize effect
of self on others
27
N365P Spring 2012
1. Name:
2. E-mail:
3. Phone Number(s):
5. Types of skills, experiences, and background that you are bringing to clinical setting
other than those learned in nursing courses:
28
N365P Spring 2012
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period
Provide nursing care in a family-centered manner that promotes healthy family interactions.
1. Assess the postpartum family using a systematic approach.
2. Develop a plan of care incorporating patient and family needs that maintains and
promotes general well being of the healthy mother, father (or significant other) and
infant.
3. Implement a nursing plan for a postpartum client (vaginal delivery and C-section) based
on the assessment data and including:
a. comfort measures (hot or cold packs, tuck pads, breast support, topical
medications)
b. administration of p.o. and parenteral medications
c. elimination procedures (catheterization, enema, rectal suppository)
d. promotion of positive parenting
- assist parents in eliciting responsiveness from infant
- assist parents in assessing uniqueness of infant
- assist mother with breastfeeding
e. preparation for discharge
- teaching needs re: care of infant
- holding
- feeding
- burping
- bathing
- care of umbilicus
- care of circumcision
- teaching needs re: mother
- breasts
- lochia
- episiotomy/lacerations
- elimination - urinary, bowel
- hemorrhoids
- exercise
- diet
- pregnancy planning
4. Manage the care of two postpartum patients during one clinical lab period.
5. Demonstrate effective use of interpersonal skills with patients, families and staff.
6. Evaluate the plan of care for specific postpartum patients.
7. Compare and contrast the care of a mother having a C-section birth with a mother having
a vaginal birth.
29
N365P Spring 2012
Psychosocial Issues
• Abuse During Pregnancy
• Cultural Competence in the Care of Childbearing Families41
•
• Loss and Grieving in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life
• Perinatal and Neonatal Ethics
• Pregnancy: Psychosocial Perspectives
• Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use in Childbearing Families
Pregnancy. Conception to Neonate Pregnancy. Video. WQ 200 P923 Prog 1. 1992. 26 min.
Pregnancy. Reducing Risk Factors. Video. WQ 200 P923 Prog 3. 1992. 34 min.
30
N365P Spring 2012
C/S: Reason
This Pregnancy: Gestational age @ delivery Scheduled Unscheduled
Gestation week when prenatal care begun:
Anesthesia: Local ___ Epidural ___Spinal ____
Complications/problems during this pregnancy General _____ None _____
Childbirth preparation (may include classes on early Social Support: (Include formal or common law
pregnancy, birthing process, breastfeeding, etc.) marital status, household members, significant
others)
Prenatal Care Provider: If the father of the baby is not living with the mother,
Private (physician's initials): to what extent is he involved?
or Clinic (Initials)
Initials and ages of siblings:
_____
31
N365P Spring 2012
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
32
N365P Spring 2012
DATA COLLECTION-LAB TESTS: Please include a printout or write down all lab values
(per hospital's policy). Include pre- and post-delivery lab data (CBC before and after birth, T&S,
RPR, HIV, HBSAG, etc.). Highlight abnormal labs and indicate probable reason. Submit
explanations and source used on separate page.
33
N365P Spring 2012
VS
IV (if present)
Lungs
CV (pulses, Homan's, edema, cardiac)
GI/GU
Breasts/Nipples
Incision (if present)
Uterus/Lochia
Perineum/Hemorrhoids
Nursing Diagnoses - (list in order of importance) (Diagnoses must include three part
statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
34
N365P Spring 2012
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Intrapartum Period
Objective: Provide nursing care in a family-centered manner that promotes healthy family
interactions.
1. Obtain the history and admission information from patient being admitted to the labor
and delivery unit.
3. Develop a plan of care, incorporating patient and family needs, that maintains and
promotes the general well-being of the family throughout each stage of labor and
delivery.
4. Provide appropriate nursing interventions for healthy intrapartum patients and families:
5. Report deviations from normal immediately to primary nurse or instructor and provide
appropriate nursing actions for:
35
N365P Spring 2012
e. difficulty in coping
f. unusual bleeding
6. Correctly position patient prior to epidural anesthetic. Provide appropriate nursing care
prior to, during and following administration of epidural anesthesia.
10. Implement a plan of care for a family in the fourth stage of labor, focusing on:
36
N365P Spring 2012
EDC
Dating Criteria Significant Family History:
Anesthesia
(if applicable)
37
N365P Spring 2012
Amniocentesis/CVS: Reason:
Ultrasound results and reason for ultrasound:
NST (number, reason):
Other lab tests:
2) Lab tests done during labor: include routine and any additional lab work. Please include a printout
or write out all lab. State rationale for labs ordered.
Explain all abnormal prenatal or intrapartal lab results: Cite author, title and page number of reference.
PHYSICIAN ORDERS: (Include orders for activity, monitoring, p.o. intake, IV fluids, medications, and
medical procedures during labor or pre-op care of c-section.)
38
N365P Spring 2012
Introduction: Include pertinent information about the patient and family not asked for on Data Sheet or
that data that requires further explanation. (Use the following as a guide.)
Labor:
Describe the pt.'s behavior and nursing and medical interventions during the latent, active and transition
phases. Include baseline V.S. with deviations (explain probable reason for deviations), FHR (specify
mode of assessing), contraction pattern (frequency, duration, intensity), pt.'s and coach's activity,
relaxation and breathing techniques, comfort measures, medications, epidural, (patient's response,
including BP, pulse, FHR characteristics), vag. exams, personality changes, IV, use of Pitocin (induction
or augmentation), urinary output, emesis. If patient has a c-section, report nursing interventions
performed, including preop teaching.
Describe pt.'s response to pushing including positions used, V.S., FHR, vag. exams, anesthesia, forceps,
pt. & coach's participation and reactions, personality changes, shave prep, time of delivery, sex of infant.
If patient has a c-section, report type of incision, anesthesia and events in Delivery Room.
Describe baby's response (Apgar & physical assessment), pt. and coach's reaction and their interaction
with the baby, time of placenta delivery, amount of Pitocin added to IV, condition of fundus, and amount
of vaginal bleeding.
Describe pt.'s reaction during recovery. Include V.S., condition of fundus, amount of lochia, condition of
perineum or surgical dressing, epidural status (if applicable), bladder, reaction of mother & coach,
parent/infant interaction.
NURSING DIAGNOSES (list in order of importance) (Diagnoses must be fully written out including
three part statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
39
N365P Spring 2012
Objective: Provide nursing care for a newborn infant in a manner that promotes healthy family
interactions.
2. Provide safe newborn care (positioning, holding and transferring, bathing, diapering,
umbilical cord care, circumcision care, maintaining body warmth, breastfeeding, correct
formula if bottle feeding).
3. Verify the identity of an infant before initiating procedures; verify the identity of parents
before leaving an infant in mother's room.
5. Record appropriate information regarding the status of the newborn (i.e. vital signs,
feedings, stools, urination and any deviations from normal.)
7. Record findings of the physical exam accurately and concisely, using appropriate
terminology.
8. Assist parents in identifying infant states, behavioral cues and in knowing how and when
to interact with infant.
9. Prepare parents for care of infant at home by identifying their teaching needs and
implementing such.
Note: These objectives can be achieved in more than one setting, i.e. in the LDR Room,
Birthing Center, Postpartum Room or Newborn Nursery.
40
N365P Spring 2012
Lamaze: You and Your Baby: Infant Care DVD WS 113 Y67 2004
Psychosocial Care. Infants and Toddlers Video WS 105 P371 1995 31 min
Smarter Than You Think Video WS 420 S636 19 min
Physical Assessment of the Normal Newborn Video WS 420 1986 34 min
P5778
The Infant Patient Encounter, Infant Exam CD WS 420 I43 2006
41
N365P Spring 2012
BIRTH DATA
Date & Time of Birth Blood type/Rh
APGAR / Coombs Test
Sex Mom’s Blood Type
Weight ______ lb. _____ oz / ______ gm
Length ______ inches / _______ cm
Head Circumference _________
Blood glucose (AccuCheck) __________ Time of Test __________
(if applicable)
Intrapartum: (Include type of birth, total length of labor, medications, or anesthesia received
during labor, date, time and color of rupture of amniotic fluid, support system during labor and
birth, any problems during labor or birth.)
42
N365P Spring 2012
Note: For each of the following areas of assessment, describe normal characteristics noted in
infant and any variations or deviations from normal. ("Normal," "WNL” or "Normal
Configuration" are not acceptable descriptions).
Skin:
Head:
Face:
Eyes:
Ears:
Nose:
43
N365P Spring 2012
Neck:
Chest/Respirations:
Heart:
Abdomen:
Genitalia:
Extremities:
Spine:
44
N365P Spring 2012
NURSING DIAGNOSES: (Diagnoses must be fully written out including three part
statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
45
N365P Spring 2012
1. Name:
2. E-mail:
3. Phone Number(s):
5. Types of skills, experiences, and background that you are bringing to clinical setting
other than those learned in nursing courses:
28
N365P Spring 2012
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period
Provide nursing care in a family-centered manner that promotes healthy family interactions.
1. Assess the postpartum family using a systematic approach.
2. Develop a plan of care incorporating patient and family needs that maintains and
promotes general well being of the healthy mother, father (or significant other) and
infant.
3. Implement a nursing plan for a postpartum client (vaginal delivery and C-section) based
on the assessment data and including:
a. comfort measures (hot or cold packs, tuck pads, breast support, topical
medications)
b. administration of p.o. and parenteral medications
c. elimination procedures (catheterization, enema, rectal suppository)
d. promotion of positive parenting
- assist parents in eliciting responsiveness from infant
- assist parents in assessing uniqueness of infant
- assist mother with breastfeeding
e. preparation for discharge
- teaching needs re: care of infant
- holding
- feeding
- burping
- bathing
- care of umbilicus
- care of circumcision
- teaching needs re: mother
- breasts
- lochia
- episiotomy/lacerations
- elimination - urinary, bowel
- hemorrhoids
- exercise
- diet
- pregnancy planning
4. Manage the care of two postpartum patients during one clinical lab period.
5. Demonstrate effective use of interpersonal skills with patients, families and staff.
6. Evaluate the plan of care for specific postpartum patients.
7. Compare and contrast the care of a mother having a C-section birth with a mother having
a vaginal birth.
29
N365P Spring 2012
Psychosocial Issues
• Abuse During Pregnancy
• Cultural Competence in the Care of Childbearing Families41
•
• Loss and Grieving in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life
• Perinatal and Neonatal Ethics
• Pregnancy: Psychosocial Perspectives
• Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use in Childbearing Families
Pregnancy. Conception to Neonate Pregnancy. Video. WQ 200 P923 Prog 1. 1992. 26 min.
Pregnancy. Reducing Risk Factors. Video. WQ 200 P923 Prog 3. 1992. 34 min.
30
N365P Spring 2012
C/S: Reason
This Pregnancy: Gestational age @ delivery Scheduled Unscheduled
Gestation week when prenatal care begun:
Anesthesia: Local ___ Epidural ___Spinal ____
Complications/problems during this pregnancy General _____ None _____
Childbirth preparation (may include classes on early Social Support: (Include formal or common law
pregnancy, birthing process, breastfeeding, etc.) marital status, household members, significant
others)
Prenatal Care Provider: If the father of the baby is not living with the mother,
Private (physician's initials): to what extent is he involved?
or Clinic (Initials)
Initials and ages of siblings:
_____
31
N365P Spring 2012
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
32
N365P Spring 2012
DATA COLLECTION-LAB TESTS: Please include a printout or write down all lab values
(per hospital's policy). Include pre- and post-delivery lab data (CBC before and after birth, T&S,
RPR, HIV, HBSAG, etc.). Highlight abnormal labs and indicate probable reason. Submit
explanations and source used on separate page.
33
N365P Spring 2012
VS
IV (if present)
Lungs
CV (pulses, Homan's, edema, cardiac)
GI/GU
Breasts/Nipples
Incision (if present)
Uterus/Lochia
Perineum/Hemorrhoids
Nursing Diagnoses - (list in order of importance) (Diagnoses must include three part
statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
34
N365P Spring 2012
Clinical Objectives for Care of the Family During the Intrapartum Period
Objective: Provide nursing care in a family-centered manner that promotes healthy family
interactions.
1. Obtain the history and admission information from patient being admitted to the labor
and delivery unit.
3. Develop a plan of care, incorporating patient and family needs, that maintains and
promotes the general well-being of the family throughout each stage of labor and
delivery.
4. Provide appropriate nursing interventions for healthy intrapartum patients and families:
5. Report deviations from normal immediately to primary nurse or instructor and provide
appropriate nursing actions for:
35
N365P Spring 2012
e. difficulty in coping
f. unusual bleeding
6. Correctly position patient prior to epidural anesthetic. Provide appropriate nursing care
prior to, during and following administration of epidural anesthesia.
10. Implement a plan of care for a family in the fourth stage of labor, focusing on:
36
N365P Spring 2012
EDC
Dating Criteria Significant Family History:
Anesthesia
(if applicable)
37
N365P Spring 2012
Amniocentesis/CVS: Reason:
Ultrasound results and reason for ultrasound:
NST (number, reason):
Other lab tests:
2) Lab tests done during labor: include routine and any additional lab work. Please include a printout
or write out all lab. State rationale for labs ordered.
Explain all abnormal prenatal or intrapartal lab results: Cite author, title and page number of reference.
PHYSICIAN ORDERS: (Include orders for activity, monitoring, p.o. intake, IV fluids, medications, and
medical procedures during labor or pre-op care of c-section.)
38
N365P Spring 2012
Introduction: Include pertinent information about the patient and family not asked for on Data Sheet or
that data that requires further explanation. (Use the following as a guide.)
Labor:
Describe the pt.'s behavior and nursing and medical interventions during the latent, active and transition
phases. Include baseline V.S. with deviations (explain probable reason for deviations), FHR (specify
mode of assessing), contraction pattern (frequency, duration, intensity), pt.'s and coach's activity,
relaxation and breathing techniques, comfort measures, medications, epidural, (patient's response,
including BP, pulse, FHR characteristics), vag. exams, personality changes, IV, use of Pitocin (induction
or augmentation), urinary output, emesis. If patient has a c-section, report nursing interventions
performed, including preop teaching.
Describe pt.'s response to pushing including positions used, V.S., FHR, vag. exams, anesthesia, forceps,
pt. & coach's participation and reactions, personality changes, shave prep, time of delivery, sex of infant.
If patient has a c-section, report type of incision, anesthesia and events in Delivery Room.
Describe baby's response (Apgar & physical assessment), pt. and coach's reaction and their interaction
with the baby, time of placenta delivery, amount of Pitocin added to IV, condition of fundus, and amount
of vaginal bleeding.
Describe pt.'s reaction during recovery. Include V.S., condition of fundus, amount of lochia, condition of
perineum or surgical dressing, epidural status (if applicable), bladder, reaction of mother & coach,
parent/infant interaction.
NURSING DIAGNOSES (list in order of importance) (Diagnoses must be fully written out including
three part statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
39
N365P Spring 2012
Objective: Provide nursing care for a newborn infant in a manner that promotes healthy family
interactions.
2. Provide safe newborn care (positioning, holding and transferring, bathing, diapering,
umbilical cord care, circumcision care, maintaining body warmth, breastfeeding, correct
formula if bottle feeding).
3. Verify the identity of an infant before initiating procedures; verify the identity of parents
before leaving an infant in mother's room.
5. Record appropriate information regarding the status of the newborn (i.e. vital signs,
feedings, stools, urination and any deviations from normal.)
7. Record findings of the physical exam accurately and concisely, using appropriate
terminology.
8. Assist parents in identifying infant states, behavioral cues and in knowing how and when
to interact with infant.
9. Prepare parents for care of infant at home by identifying their teaching needs and
implementing such.
Note: These objectives can be achieved in more than one setting, i.e. in the LDR Room,
Birthing Center, Postpartum Room or Newborn Nursery.
40
N365P Spring 2012
Lamaze: You and Your Baby: Infant Care DVD WS 113 Y67 2004
Psychosocial Care. Infants and Toddlers Video WS 105 P371 1995 31 min
Smarter Than You Think Video WS 420 S636 19 min
Physical Assessment of the Normal Newborn Video WS 420 1986 34 min
P5778
The Infant Patient Encounter, Infant Exam CD WS 420 I43 2006
41
N365P Spring 2012
BIRTH DATA
Date & Time of Birth Blood type/Rh
APGAR / Coombs Test
Sex Mom’s Blood Type
Weight ______ lb. _____ oz / ______ gm
Length ______ inches / _______ cm
Head Circumference _________
Blood glucose (AccuCheck) __________ Time of Test __________
(if applicable)
Intrapartum: (Include type of birth, total length of labor, medications, or anesthesia received
during labor, date, time and color of rupture of amniotic fluid, support system during labor and
birth, any problems during labor or birth.)
42
N365P Spring 2012
Note: For each of the following areas of assessment, describe normal characteristics noted in
infant and any variations or deviations from normal. ("Normal," "WNL” or "Normal
Configuration" are not acceptable descriptions).
Skin:
Head:
Face:
Eyes:
Ears:
Nose:
43
N365P Spring 2012
Neck:
Chest/Respirations:
Heart:
Abdomen:
Genitalia:
Extremities:
Spine:
44
N365P Spring 2012
NURSING DIAGNOSES: (Diagnoses must be fully written out including three part
statement unless high risk DX.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
45
N365P Spring 2012
Student: Instructor:
1. Delivers nursing care that prevents real or potential personal harm to childbearing families. Yes No
2. Demonstrates having a theoretical knowledge base necessary for clinical practice. Yes No
3. Demonstrates the use of communication skills necessary for patient safety. Yes No
If the clinical instructor observes nursing behaviors which are deemed to indicate that the student does not meet any one of these three critical
elements at a satisfactory or safe level, the student cannot pass the course. Failure to demonstrate safe performance of all three critical
elements is failure in the course, regardless of other nursing care proficiency in performing other behaviors or written work.
Objectives:
1. Application of Knowledge
1.1 Demonstrates clinical reasoning and problem-solving skills. NA 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 Demonstrates evidence of clinical preparation. Able to apply textbook and classroom NA 1 2 3 4 5
learning to clinical experience.
46
N365P Spring 2012
2. Technical Competence
2.1 Safely performs nursing skills with dexterity and organization. NA 1 2 3 4 5
2.2 Reviews and verifies each patient’s written orders before delivering nursing care. NA 1 2 3 4 5
2.3. Administers medications safely using appropriate supplies and equipment. Accurately NA 1 2 3 4 5
verbalizes the medication pharmacology, usual dosages, expected responses of the patient,
and nursing implications.
2.4 Performs a complete postpartum assessment for cesarean and vaginal delivery. NA 1 2 3 4 5
3. Interpersonal Skills/Caring
3.1 Communicates effectively with patients, families, and the health care team. NA 1 2 3 4 5
3.2 Assesses family readiness for learning; identifies teaching needs, uses appropriate NA 1 2 3 4 5
terminology and evaluates teaching effectiveness.
3.4 Documents in a complete, accurate and timely manner. Uses appropriate terminology to NA 1 2 3 4 5
document pertinent data and patient teaching.
47
N365P Spring 2012
4. Nursing Process
4.1 Monitors and assesses the patient’s clinical condition and gathers data. NA 1 2 3 4 5
4.2 Interprets all pertinent physiological, developmental, and psychological data. Identifies NA 1 2 3 4 5
changes in patient’s condition or response to treatment and intervenes appropriately.
4.3 Prioritizes nursing diagnoses and develops individualized plan of care. Goals are realistic, NA 1 2 3 4 5
appropriate, and measurable.
4.4 Develops evidence-based interventions that are related to specific nursing diagnoses and NA 1 2 3 4 5
goals.
4.5 Evaluates effectiveness of nursing actions and revises plan of care as needed. NA 1 2 3 4 5
5. Management
5.1 Assumes increasing independence and responsibility for patient care. NA 1 2 3 4 5
5.2 Organizes safe nursing care activities for 1 to 4 maternity and newborn patients efficiently NA 1 2 3 4 5
and effectively.
5.3 Acts as a patient advocate in managing patient care and protects patient confidentiality. NA 1 2 3 4 5
5.4 Collaborates with patient, family and health care team in planning, implementing, and NA 1 2 3 4 5
evaluating patient needs and nursing care.
5.5 Administers nursing care to prevent risks, errors, threats to patient safety and hazards or NA 1 2 3 4 5
complications due to illness or hospitalization.
48
N365P Spring 2012
6. Accountability/Professionalism
6.1 Demonstrates a positive and responsible attitude (evidenced through behaviors) and NA 1 2 3 4 5
motivation to learn. Accountable for personal and professional behaviors.
6.2 Attends all clinical days and is punctual. Adheres to student dress code in all clinical NA 1 2 3 4 5
settings.
6.3 Demonstrates the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct. NA 1 2 3 4 5
49
N365P Spring 2012
Post Tests: 2%
50