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Ir 2014 Edition 1St Edition Scott Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Ir 2014 Edition 1St Edition Scott Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Ir 2014 Edition 1St Edition Scott Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
Bank
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CHAPTER 7 - Building Peace: Structures and Institutions of Cooperation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In 1991, a UN-sanctioned, American-led military coalition successfully drove Iraqi forces out of which
country?
a. Afghanistan
b. Iran
c. Israel
d. Kuwait
e. Saudi Arabia
ANS: D NOT: Factual
2. The 1982 treaty, revised in 1994, that sets rules for the uses and protection of the high seas is called
a. Geneva Accords.
b. Law of the Sea Convention.
c. Treaty of the High Seas.
d. Treaty of Versailles.
e. Vienna Convention on the Law of the Seas.
ANS: B REF: 180 NOT: Factual
3. Why has the United States Senate refused to sign the Law of the Sea Convention?
a. Because they fear it will constrain U.S. power
b. Because the treaty requires America to admit fault for previous wrongs
c. Because the president has asked them not to
d. Because Iran is a party to the agreement
e. Because important naval powers like China have not signed
ANS: A REF: 180 NOT: Conceptual
4. Which of the following best summarizes how anarchy complicates cooperation in the international
system?
a. Issues are too complex for cooperation to occur.
b. Powerful countries only want to interact with each other.
c. States find it difficult to reach agreements across diverse interests.
d. The United Nations prevents cooperation because of its structure.
e. With no central authority, states can cheat on agreements.
ANS: E REF: 181 NOT: Conceptual
5. A 2011 meeting between U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller and representatives from
several other countries to discuss further nuclear arms disarmament is an example of
a. custom.
b. diplomacy.
c. realism.
d. reciprocity.
e. unit veto.
ANS: B REF: 182 NOT: Applied
6. We refer to those people who represent and negotiate on behalf of their country or employer and who
are housed in the foreign policy establishment of states or the management of other organizations as
a. ambassadorial assistants.
b. bureaucrats.
c. diplomats.
d. non-state actors.
e. principals.
ANS: C REF: 182 NOT: Factual
7. In the United States, most diplomats are located where within the government?
a. Armed Forces
b. Department of Defense
c. Department of Homeland Security
d. Department of State
e. National Security Council
ANS: D REF: 183 NOT: Factual
8. Wendy works for the Department of State. She lives in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, and represents
the United States government’s interests in Poland. Wendy is an example of a(n)
a. Ambassador of State.
b. Bureaucrat Abroad.
c. Foreign Service Officer.
d. Non-state Actor.
e. Principle Agent.
ANS: C REF: 183 NOT: Applied
10. Despite diplomatic immunity, diplomats are increasingly under the risk of physical attack, especially
from
a. dictators.
b. non-state actors.
c. secret police.
d. their own government.
e. United Nations officials.
ANS: B REF: 184 NOT: Factual
11. The minimum that a side will accept in a negotiation is known as a(n)
a. endgame.
b. limit break.
c. minimum acceptable offer.
d. resistance point.
e. settlement gap.
ANS: D REF: 184 NOT: Factual
12. You decide it’s time to purchase a used car. You go to the dealership and negotiate over the price. The
dealer knows that the absolute least they will sell you the car for is $5000. The absolute most that you
will pay for the car is $8000. We refer to the area between $5000 and $8000 as the
a. endgame.
b. limit break.
c. minimum acceptable offer.
d. resistance point.
e. settlement gap.
ANS: E REF: 184 NOT: Applied
13. According to liberals, the best way to bridge the settlement gap is
a. compellence.
b. diplomacy.
c. economic pressure.
d. sanctions.
e. use of force.
ANS: B REF: 184 NOT: Conceptual
14. Miranda and Julio are having a hard time deciding where to eat dinner and what movie to see. Miranda
wants to have pizza and watch a horror movie while Julio would rather have a hamburger and see a
comedy. Miranda proposes that they have pizza and go to a comedy, so that each of them gets
something they want. This is an example of
a. endgame.
b. linkage strategy.
c. minimum acceptable offer.
d. resistance point.
e. settlement gap.
ANS: B REF: 184 | 186 NOT: Applied
16. Changes in transportation have had what effect on diplomacy in the past 100 years?
a. Fewer meetings about security-related issues
b. Meetings are announced further in advance.
c. Meetings involve more planning.
d. Meetings now tend to occur in neutral areas.
e. More meetings between high-level officials
ANS: E REF: 186 NOT: Conceptual
17. A diplomatic meeting between the President of the United States and the British Prime Minister would
be an example of a(n)
a. emergency meeting.
b. maximal meeting.
c. peak meeting.
d. summit meeting.
e. urgency meeting.
ANS: D REF: 186 NOT: Applied
19. The rise of international organizations like the United Nations has made which kind of diplomacy
more common?
a. Bilateral diplomacy
b. Emergency diplomacy
c. Multilateral diplomacy
d. Parliamentary diplomacy
e. Track-II diplomacy
ANS: C REF: 187 NOT: Conceptual
20. When an outside party is engaged to help negotiations between the actual parties to a dispute, we call
this
a. bilateral diplomacy.
b. conference diplomacy.
c. multilateral diplomacy.
d. secret diplomacy.
e. third-party diplomacy.
ANS: E REF: 187 NOT: Factual
21. The type of third-party diplomacy that requires the most active intervention on the part of the third
party is
a. adjudication.
b. arbitration.
c. good offices.
d. mediation.
e. settlement.
ANS: A REF: 187 | 188 NOT: Conceptual
23. When a private citizen like U2’s lead singer Bono helps to bring a resolution to an interstate crisis, this
is an example of what kind of diplomacy?
a. Bilateral diplomacy
b. Conference diplomacy
c. Multilateral diplomacy
d. Third party diplomacy
e. Track-II diplomacy
ANS: E REF: 188 NOT: Applied
24. Multilateral diplomacy that takes place within the confines of a large diplomatic meeting would best
be considered
a. bilateral diplomacy.
b. conference diplomacy.
c. emergency diplomacy.
d. third party diplomacy.
e. track-II diplomacy.
ANS: B REF: 188 NOT: Conceptual
25. _____ are networks of experts who bring their knowledge to the political arena to help policymakers.
a. Authoritarian regimes
b. Boundary groups
c. Diplomats
d. Epistemic communities
e. Professional societies
ANS: D REF: 188 NOT: Factual
26. The Rio +20 meeting that took place in 2012 to discuss sustainable development is an example of what
kind of diplomacy?
a. Bilateral diplomacy
b. Conference diplomacy
c. Emergency diplomacy
d. Third party diplomacy
e. Track-II diplomacy
ANS: B REF: 188 NOT: Applied
27. According to the textbook which of the following ends to a war is most likely to lead to lasting peace?
a. Negotiation with third-party
b. Negotiation without third-party
c. Peace with honor
d. Stalemate
e. Victory
ANS: E REF: 190 NOT: Conceptual
30. For a war to be considered just under the principles of jus ad bellum, it must have all of the following
except
a. a priori limitation.
b. competent authority.
c. just cause.
d. proportionality.
e. right intention.
ANS: A REF: 191 NOT: Conceptual
31. The International Court of Justice (or the World Court) is part of what international organization?
a. European Union
b. North American Free Trade Agreement
c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
d. United Nations
e. World Trade Organization
ANS: D REF: 191 NOT: Factual
32. Two countries that have a dispute over perceived violations of international law might bring their case
to which organization?
a. International Court of Justice
b. Justice League
c. North American Free Trade Agreement
d. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
e. World Trade Organization
ANS: A REF: 191 NOT: Applied
33. Which of the following is NOT a source of international law identified in the text?
a. Custom
b. General principles
c. Natural law
d. Treaties
e. Writings of jurists
ANS: C REF: 192 NOT: Conceptual
36. In 1998, a Spanish court indicted former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet for violations of human
rights committed in Chile (and not in Spain itself). This is an example of
a. ambassadorial courtesy.
b. diplomatic immunity.
c. foreign service exemption.
d. protection from law.
e. universal jurisdiction.
ANS: E REF: 192 NOT: Applied
37. The principle that states follow international laws so that others will do so in return is known as
a. custom.
b. diplomacy.
c. liberalism.
d. reciprocity.
e. unit veto.
ANS: D REF: 193 NOT: Factual
38. Which theoretical approach is most likely to point out that the areas where international law breaks
down and states act in self-interested manners are those areas that we most care about and that are
most central to international security?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
ANS: E REF: 193 NOT: Conceptual
39. Country X believes that Country Y is violating part of its obligations under a treaty they signed.
Country X decides to pull diplomatic representation from Country Y until the issue is resolved. This is
an example of what kind of enforcement?
a. Extradition enforcement
b. Horizontal enforcement
c. National enforcement
d. Temporary enforcement
e. Vertical enforcement
ANS: B REF: 194 NOT: Applied
40. One major problem with horizontal enforcement is that states selectively apply it to benefit friends and
strategic allies. This criticism of horizontal enforcement is most consistent with which theoretical
approach?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
ANS: E REF: 194 | 195 NOT: Conceptual
41. When the United Nations Security Council authorizes the use of force against a state found to be
violating international law, this is an example of
a. extradition enforcement.
b. horizontal enforcement.
c. national enforcement.
d. temporary enforcement.
e. vertical enforcement.
ANS: E REF: 195 NOT: Applied
42. The condition that states that parties to a case must submit it to a court of law is known as _____
jurisdiction.
a. appellate
b. compulsory
c. original
d. total
e. universal
ANS: B REF: 195 NOT: Factual
43. Which theoretical approach argues that international organizations are created by powerful capitalist
states and economic elites to take advantage of less economically powerful countries?
a. Anarchism
b. Feminism
c. Liberalism
d. Marxism
e. Realism
ANS: D REF: 197 NOT: Conceptual
44. The United Nations General Assembly allows for any member state to bring an issue for consideration
by the countries of the world. This is an example of which function of international organizations?
a. Constrain state behavior
b. Generate technical information
c. Pool resources
d. Regularize interactions
e. Serve as forums for communication
ANS: E REF: 198 NOT: Applied
45. The Andean Common Market, which invites membership from countries in and around the Andes
mountains and focuses primarily on one issue (trade) is an example of what type of international
organization?
a. Global, multiple issue
b. Global, single issue
c. Planetary, multiple issue
d. Regional, multiple issue
e. Regional, single issue
ANS: E REF: 199 NOT: Applied
47. _____ is a decision process by which each member gets one vote and obtaining more than 50 percent
of the votes wins.
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
ANS: B REF: 199 NOT: Factual
48. _____ is a decision process by which each member gets a certain amount of votes proportional to some
factor such as size, power, or wealth.
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
ANS: E REF: 202 NOT: Factual
49. The UN Security Council, where any one of five countries can stop a measure they disapprove of, is an
example of what voting rule?
a. Instant run-off
b. Majority rule
c. Plurality
d. Unit veto
e. Weighted voting
ANS: D REF: 202 NOT: Applied
50. Which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?
a. China
b. France
c. Germany
d. United Kingdom
e. Russia
ANS: C REF: 202 NOT: Factual
51. Which multilateral organization tried to maintain stability in Europe from 1815 to 1854?
a. Concert of Europe
b. European Union
c. League of Nations
d. United Nations
e. World Trade Organization
ANS: A REF: 203 NOT: Factual
52. What international organization was created after World War I for collective security purposes?
a. Concert of Europe
b. European Union
c. League of Nations
d. United Nations
e. World Trade Organization
ANS: C REF: 203 NOT: Factual
53. Which of the following is NOT a basic purpose of the United Nations according to the textbook?
a. Achieving international cooperation
b. Developing friendly relations among states
c. Harmonizing actions of nations
d. Maintaining international peace and security
e. Transitioning the world to democratic systems
ANS: E REF: 204 NOT: Factual
54. The main UN headquarters is located in which city, demonstrating the realities of power in the world
at the time of the UN’s founding?
a. Geneva
b. London
c. Moscow
d. New York City
e. Paris
ANS: D REF: 206 NOT: Factual
55. Which of the following is NOT one of the main bodies of the United Nations?
a. Commission on Security
b. General Assembly
c. International Court of Justice
d. Secretariat
e. Security Council
ANS: A REF: 205 | 207 NOT: Factual
56. The main plenary body of the United Nations, in which each member state has one seat and one vote is
a. Economic and Social Council.
b. General Assembly.
c. International Court of Justice.
d. Secretariat.
e. Security Council.
ANS: B REF: 205 NOT: Factual
57. The United Nations Security Council has ____ members at any one time; ____ of those members
is/are permanent and DO/ES NOT rotate.
a. 5; 1
b. 10; 2
c. 15; 5
d. 20; 10
e. 192; 0
ANS: C REF: 202 | 207 NOT: Factual
59. The most visible person in the United Nations who heads the large bureaucracy of the UN is the
a. Chief of Security.
b. Foreign Minister.
c. President.
d. Prime Minister.
e. Secretary-General.
ANS: E REF: 207 NOT: Factual
60. The body of the UN responsible for supervising many of the subsidiary commissions, committees and
agencies such as the World Trade Organization and UNICEF is
a. Economic and Social Council.
b. General Assembly.
c. International Court of Justice.
d. Secretariat.
e. Security Council.
ANS: A REF: 207 | 209 NOT: Factual
61. The only country currently paying the top rate of membership dues to the United Nations is
a. Canada.
b. China.
c. Russia.
d. United Kingdom.
e. United States.
ANS: E REF: 212 NOT: Factual
62. The bureaucratic and administrative arm of the United Nations is called the
a. Economic and Social Council.
b. General Assembly.
c. International Court of Justice.
d. Secretariat.
e. Security Council.
ANS: D REF: 207 NOT: Factual
ESSAY
1. How do anarchy, complexity, and diversity make cooperation difficult in the international system?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
2. Given the risk of cheating, why would states choose to cooperate in the international arena at all?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
3. How do liberals explain cooperation under international organizations? How does that differ from the
explanations realists give?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
4. What are the different forms of diplomacy? What types of issues go hand-in-hand with each form?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
5. Why might a state choose to follow an area of international law that is contrary to its interests?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
6. Which sources of international law might a realist find most persuasive? How would that differ from a
liberal?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
7. What areas would you expect international organizations to be most successful in facilitating
cooperation and why?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
8. How do we define whether the United Nations has been a “success” or not? According to the
definition that you have given, do you believe it has been successful?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
9. Under what circumstances would we expect diplomacy to be more or less successful and why?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
10. Why would a state choose to join an international organization? Under what circumstances would the
benefits outweigh the costs to sovereignty?
ANS:
Students’ answers may vary.
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1640 Vsus et a longo tempore iura parit;
Immoque nature si nos de iure loquamur,
Hoc in presbiteris splendet vbique magis:408
Et si sub forma tali sint iura creanda,
Legis quod vires longior vsus habet,
Tunc puto presbiteros ex vsu condere leges,
Oscula dum crebro dant in amore suo.
E c c l e s i e gremium notat ordo presbiterorum,
Quo debent animas rite fouere bonas;
Quomodo set proprias qui non curant, alienas
1650 Curabunt? non est hoc racionis opus.
Nescio quid meriti poterunt tales michi ferre,
Qui sibi nil proprie commoditatis habent:
Nam peccatores scitur quod non deus audit,
Est inhonesta deo laus set ab ore mali:
Indeuota deo qui verba precancia confert,
Iudicii proprii dampna futura petit.
Qui dampnum causat, hic dampna dedisse videtur,
Ledit qui patitur que reuocare potest:
Infligit mortem languenti, qui valet illam
1660 Nec vult auferre, set sinit esse malum:
Presul qui laicos, cum non sint ordine digni,
Ordinat ad sacra, scandala plura mouet.
Tales si quis emit lucro, frustrabitur inde,
Aut si perdet in hiis scit magis ipse deus.
Hoc scio, quod panem qui fregerit esurienti,
Cuius debilitas est sine fraude patens,
Qui nudos operit, infirmos visitat, illi
Debentur merita pro bonitate sua:
Set qui sunt fortes, vanaque sub ordinis vmbra
1670 Conspirant requiem quam sibi mundus habet,
Errat eos presul sacrans, et quosque locando
Tales de merito perdere dona puto.
FOOTNOTES:
340 Heading Hic incipit exquo L Incipit prologus libri tercii om. L
341 9 set et S (et in later hand)
342 13 vulgus] populus (ras.) C
343 16 Vt sit D Sit sic L
344 46 conciliumque H
345 58 malo C
346 69 poteruntque C
347 90 Quodque prius D Quod prius L
348 In place of Incipit &c., L has here the four lines ‘Ad mundum
mitto,’ with picture below: see p. 19.
349 4* exempla D humus] mundus DL
350 18* eum] ei D enim L
351 22* ille CD ipse HGEL
352 27* poterint D
353 1** regentes H₂
354 4** mundit T
355 24** ipse] ille H₂
356 58 periat HCGL
357 81 Marcenarius G mercennarius E
358 86 Glebas D
359 141 ipseque D
360 176 ouis CEHGDLH₂ onus ST
361 193 possint D
362 Heading Hic loquitur quomodo de legibus positiuis quasi
cotidie noua instituuntur nobis peccata, quibus tamen
priusquam fiant prelati propter lucrum dispensant, et ea fieri
libere propter aurum permittunt LTH₂ (Hic quomodo
diligentibus positiuis ... prius fiant &c. L liberi LT)
363 229 numquam L vnquam D
364 258 iugum] suum C
365 273 Dum S Cum CEHDL
366 300 gerarchiam SHT Ierarchiam CL ierarchiam ED
367 Heading 2 dicitur tamen nunc D dicitur tamen L
368 351 vinximus SDL vincimus CEHG
369 375 ff. marginal note om. ELTH₂L₂
370 375 margin hic om. S
371 margin in guerris S guerris CHGD
372 380 margin spoliantes S om. CHGD
373 379 neque C
374 401 reperare S reparare CED
375 454 cotinuatque H
376 462 saruat H
377 Heading deuincant EL deuincat SCHD
378 516 Solennes CEL Solemnes D
379 536 Hec DL
380 546 sit CE
381 561 No paragraph S
382 Cap. ix Heading 2 nec decet CEDL
383 579 sceptrum C
384 595 tetram CEH terram SGDL
385 617 No paragr. CE
386 633 sunt vmbra velud (velut) fugitiua CEG sunt fugitiua velut
vmbra L
387 641 piper vrtice om. D (blank)
388 685 Ne C
389 Heading 2 incontrarium S
390 840 lucri] dei EHT
391 934 ruet CH
392 989 sit] sic S
393 1124 Et CEGDL Est SHTH₂
394 1149 subectos S
395 1214 ad hec CEHGDTH₂ ad hoc L et hec S
396 1265 fallit S
397 1374 timuisse EHL
398 1376 vngat vt D vngat et SCEHGL
399 1454 plus sibi sensus hebes est SGDL fit sibi sensus hebes
CEHTH₂
400 1498 Nec CE
401 1518 circueuntis C
402 1533 Est et S Est sed (set) CEHGL Est set et D
403 1541 Durior CEHGDLT Durius S
404 1552 modicicum S
405 Heading 1 Qostquam S
406 2 iam om. S
407 1617 solennia CEDL
408 1642 Hoc S Hec CEHGDL
409 1695 si CEHGDLTH₂ sua S
410 1747 vouet CEHGT vouit SDLH₂
411 1760 nec in simili conditione grauat (om. ll. 1761 f.) C
412 1815 Aaron CED
413 1863 puluere CEH vulnere SGDL
414 1890 Accedat SL Accedit CEHGD
415 Heading 5 f. a bonis non debent operibus esse CE a bonis
operibus non debent esse L a bonis operibus non esse D
416 1907 ad huc SGT adhuc CEHDL
417 1915 pugnam CEHL pungnam SGT pinguam D
418 1922 Nec C timeat EDL
419 1963 serpit CE
420 1991 residiuis SET recidiuis CHDL
421 1999 Helizeus C Helyseus EL
422 2009 No paragr. S
423 2095 No paragr. S
Exquo tractauit de errore cleri, ad quem
precipue nostrarum spectat regimen animarum,
iam intendit tractare de errore virorum
Religiosorum: et primo dicet de Monachis, et
aliis bonorum temporalium possessionem
optinentibus; ordinis vero illorum sanctitatem
commendans, illos precipue qui contraria
faciunt opera redarguit.