668

2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

High Efficiency Bi-directional Converter with

Regenerative Concept for E-Bike

K.Vijyalakshmi S.Sandhiya
Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronics, Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronics,
Sathyabama University Sathyabama University
Chennai Chennai
Vijikarunakaran1996@gmail.com sandhiyasara09@gmail.com

Bhuvaneswari.C
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics,
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics,
Sathyabama University,
Chennai, India
bhuns_sekar@yahoo.co.in

Abstract—This paper presents a E-bike controlled by a buck
boost bidirectional converter. The main concept of this paper is,
when brake is applied in the electric bike some amount of voltage
is stored in the battery due to regenerative braking and it is
reused. The power required for operating the motor is supplied
by the battery. The battery is charged and discharged by the
generative and regenerative operation modes.
Keywords— Bi-directional buck boost converter, optimal
selector, MOSFET switch, Electronic Bike
I. INTRODUCTION
presents a way of designing, implementing an electric module
for an e-bike. E-bike is a bicycle with an integrated electric
motor which can be used for propulsion .This paper shows
how a microcontroller can be used to drive a motor and also
manage other useful function of an electric bike. Most of the
existing system use the traction motor for electric vehicle but
traction motor may not effective so we proposed dc motor for
effective use of power .we also proposed regenerative braking
for dc motor to reuse the kinetic energy here the system is
designed to charge the external battery to reuse.

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM

The bi-directional converter behaves has a power
supply unit which is capable of exchanging power between the
dc bus and energy storage system. Fly wheel energy storage
system holds kinetic energy in form of a rotating mass and
convert energy to electric power [1]. The paper proposes a
step-up converter in the front-end operation for the PV
residential application [2] .The resonant control strategy was
applied to control PWM inverter that could reduce the ripple
effectively [3].This paper provides a real time harmonic Figure 1 Block Diagram of the Converter
elimination for pulse width modulation technique for voltage
source inverter [4].This paper proposes a control system for a
ultra-capacitor source and verified experimentally [5].
Figure 1 represents the Block diagram of the converter. A
Different Bidirectional Resonant converters for high torque
12v ac supply is given to the bridge rectifier where the voltage
operation has been reviewed [7]. This paper proposes a ZVS
is rectified and ripples is removed. This rectified voltage is fed
fly back-forward converter with the low stress on to the bi- directional buck boost converter and given to the dc
semiconductor devices [8]. The grid requires the necessary motor, the motor starts rotating. Once the motor stops rotating
active and reactive power for the movement of the vehicle [9]. it gives some amount of voltage which is stored in battery
The proposed control strategy approaches the performance of through relay. Relay act as the optimal switch first it senses
a Strategy based on non-convex optimization [10]. This paper

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K.Vijyalakshmi et al: HIGH EFFICIENCY BI-DIRECTIONAL CONVERTER WITH REGENERATIVE CONCEPT FOR E-BIKE

the voltage from ac source to the dc motor then the relay Here the regenerative braking is done .First the motor
closes and voltage stored in the battery rotates by starting in the start button in the microcontroller.
Then the set value is given as V reference Here the Vin and
Vout value is checked by display. Regenerative mode is
III. BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTER: switched on.

Bidirectional converters exchange energy and stores it both MODE 4:

from source to load and also in the return path. Due to the
energy storage and reuse concept, these converters are very
much used nowadays. Various types of converters are used
depending upon the requirement of the application. A Buck-
Boost Converter used can perform the operation of step up
converter or step down converter.
After the regenerative braking mode is switched on the
speed of the motor increases and some amount of voltage is
stored in the battery which can be again used to run the motor.
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS

IV. Electronic Bike

E-Bike is an electronic bike which can travel distances

either by electricity or manually. It mainly consists of a small
motor, a battery and a controller. The energy stored in the
battery is used again by the regenerative concept. E-bikes have
several advantages like light weight, free from environmental
pollution, etc., E-Bikes are getting popular nowadays in many
countries due to these advantages.

V. MODES OF OPEREATION

There are two modes of operation as shown

ƒ Generative mode
ƒ Regenerative mode
Figure 2 Simulation diagram of e-bike
GENERATIVE MODE:

The are two modes in generative operation let us take

the mode as mode 1 and mode 2.

MODE 1:
Here ac source is given to the rectifier where it is
converted to dc and it is filtered using a capacitive then the
rectifier pure dc source is fed to the bi-directional buck boost
converter.

MODE 2:
Dc source in the bi directional converter is passed
through a buck or boost converter to start the motor. This
process takes place in both forward and backward direction.

REGENERATIVE MODE:
When motor runs more than the synchronous speed
regenerative braking occurs. In this mode of operation, the
motor works as a generator and returns back the supply from
the load. It has two modes of operation (i.e) mode 3 and mode
4
MODE 3:

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2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

Figure 3 Generative mode waveforms

Figure 2 represents the simulation circuit of the e-bike.In
generative mode for input output wave form 6V is given as
input and it get boosted in bidirectional converter as a result
12v is produced at the output as shown in figure 3.
. Figure 4 Regenerative mode wave forms
In regenerative mode a set point is given to the micro
controller. when 6v is given as input it get boosted and
produces 12v as result but sometimes a value more or less than
the reference value may required. This can be achieved by set
point Here 6v is given as input and 10v is received at
output(as shown in figure 4) as a result of set point Here the
set value is 10v

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K.Vijyalakshmi et al: HIGH EFFICIENCY BI-DIRECTIONAL CONVERTER WITH REGENERATIVE CONCEPT FOR E-BIKE

[4] T. Kokilavani, G. Selvakumar and C. C. A. Rajan, “A ZVS

Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Phase Shifted SPWM Control for
Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Automotive Application,” Advances in
Science Engineering and Management (ICAESM), pp. 700-703, March
2012
[5] H. F. Xiao, X. P. Liu and K. Lan, “Zero-Voltage-Transition Full-Bridge
Topologies for Transformerless Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 5393-5401, October
2014.
[6] Bravnislav hredzak,member,IEEE,Vassillions G Agelidis sensor
member,IEEE and Minsco Jang member ,IEEE “A Model Predictive
Control System For A Hybrid Battery Ultracapacitor Power Source Feb-
2013.
[7] Bhuvaneswari C, Dr. Samuel Rajesh Babu, “A Review on LLC
Resonant Converter”, IEEE Xplore, International Conference on
Computation of power, Energy Information and communication,
ICCPEIC, April 2016
[8] K. Hirao, M. Okamoto, E. Hiraki and T. Tanaka, “An Isolated
Bidirectional Soft switching DC-DC Converter for Energy Storage
System and its Voltage Stress Suppression Approach,” Power
Electronics and Drive Systems(PEDS), IEEE, pp. 555-560, December
2011.
[9] Hicham Fakham, Di Lu, and Bruno Francois,Senior
Member,IEEE“Power Control Design of battery charge in a hybrid load
following application Jan-2011.
[10] H. R. Karshenas, H. Danechpajooh, A. Bakhshai and P. Jain, “Basic
Families of Medium-Power Soft-Switched Isolated Bidirectional DC DC
Converter,” Power Electronics Drives Systems and Technologies
Conference, pp. 92-97, February 2011.

Figure 5 Electric bike wave forms

When braking is done input voltage is

constant for certain period and becomes zero .Similarly for
output voltage. During charging period current flows in
negatively.

VII. CONCLUSION

In existing system, bidirectional converter is used where

energy storage concepts are required. The proposed system
presents a bi-directional converter applied in the Electronic
Bike .Here the regenerative concept is used (where the energy
which is produced during braking is also stored) and not
wasted. Also this converter can act as a charger for
equipment’s which can be connected with the line directly.

REFERENCES

[1] S. R. Gurumurthy, V. Agarwal and A. Sharma, “Apportioning and

Mitigation of losses in a Flywheel Energy Storage system,” in
Conference Proc. IEEE PEDG 2013, pp. July 2013
[2] A. K. Rathore and U. R. Prasanna, “Analysis, Design and Experimental
Results Novel Snubberless Bi-directional Naturally Clamped ZCS/ZVS
Current-Fed Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell Vehicles,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4482-4491, October 2013
[3] J. L. Russi, V. F. Montagner, M. L. S. Martins and H. L. Hey, “A
Simple Approach to Detect ZVT and Determine Its Time of Occurrence
for PWM Converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 7, pp.
2576– 2585, July 2013.

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