Stoichiometry and SBoichiometic

Limiting Reactant Calculig

1.(3) Element C H
Mass ratio 6 1

Mole ratio 6/12 1 :!

So C,H, have empirical formula : CH,

3
requiredis -md
For burning a CH, limit; oxygen
 Solutigns S.7

+CO, + H,0 5. (4)

CH(g)xo,) -cog)H,)
2 (CH,0,)’CH,0,
formulais
t storchionetry Imi
890 g no)
ofC H,.
445
890
0.5 moles 1OrnL 1o xmt. 10x mL

55 mi. 40 mL
0(g)’i114CO,(g) + 11OH,00) given, JOmL
163 (1

gives 110 moles of H,0 On compairing 10x+ 55

Cu (1)
alesof CHo0,gives 110 x0.5 = 55
moles of H,0 and 10r 40 4

asmolesof Putting value ofr in eq. ()

H,0 = J8
Ofmole of 10y
gSs moles ofH,0 - 55 18 495 gm. 1o| 4+=55 40+55
mKs of
15 x4
Na,C,04 t 2C0,+ 2H,0
0y-15
4
y 10
=6

uC0, + H,C,0, 0.25 mL .:. The formula of hydrocarbon is C,H,

I0me

6. (3)
-10 10 0.25 x 10
10 (1) Imol C,H, ’Smoi O,
of molesofCO,
25
[as molar volumne at given T andP 25 LI 44g C,H, ’5x 32 gO,
g O,
Ig C,H, ’ 5x32-g O,
3.63
According to stoichiometry, 44
2 moles of NaHCO Imol P, ’5mol O,
moles ofCO, is produced by of NaHCO.
(2)
mole of CO, produced by 10 mnoles
5
124 g P, ’5 32 gO,
produced= 84 x 10
mass of NaHCO, T g PSx32
, ’ O , - 1.29 g O,
NaHCO, - 84 g mor)
e Molar mass of
84x 10 (3) 4 mol Fe ’ 3 mol O,
. o f NaHCO, <100 = 8.4 %
10-2 224 g Fe’3 x 32 g O,
3×32
2NH, (g) Ig Fe gO, =0.428 g 0, (least)
Ng) - 3H,(g) 224

Given moles (4) 2 mol Mg ’ Imol O,

l 014 . 5 mol 2mol
48 g Mg -’32 g O
Ig Mg ’ gO,
48
= 0.66 O,
28 6
=Imol ,-3mol
mass
7. (3) density
Volume
(3)2mol 10_Smnol
Mass of C,,Hn-dxV=0.756 x 1000 -756 gram
35 8
2 o,(g) 15 co,(g) + 15 H,0
=125mol =4mol
2R

RLIMITING REAGENT (L.R.) 1mol

45
Imoles 15 moles
Checking for 2
N, H, L.R

LR. 756 45756

0.5<0.67 N, 10 molcs of CH require 2
=0.5 =0.67
45 756

No L.R.
2210 32 g
(completion) 2592
3
756 15×756
L.67 <2 H, mol of C,Hn produce moles of CO,
=1.67 210 210
I.25< L33 N, 15x756
(4)25 125 133 20
x44 g ’2376 g
 464-1o 20

28
Int
To find R
Fe
Imol of Fe,0, gives l mol of
mol of Fe 14.
20 mol of Fe,O, gives f0
4 mol ofCO gives I mol ofFe
90 675 mol of Fe
90 mol of CO gives 4

LR is Fe,0,
" 6 0 S6 3360g

9. (3) SO,CI, +2H,0 H,S0, 2HCT

I mole 2x mole
mole
H,so, 2NaOH - Na,SO, 2H,0.
Kmole 2x mole
15

HCT+ NaOH NaCl + H,0

2x mol 2x1mol
2x + 2x4r = l6
Total mole of NaOH reguired
=4
4r = 16

10. (3) N(g) +3H,(g) 2NH,(g)

Wt taken 20g 5g
20
=0.714
28

To find L.R
According to eqn.
Imole of N, gives 2 mol of NH,
0.714 of N, gives 2 x0.714 of NH,
= 1428 mol ..(1)
3mol of H, gives 2 mol of NH,
2
Imol of H, gives mol of NH,

2.5 mol of H, gives x2.5 mol of NH,

-2.5 mol ..2)
L.R is N,
MNH, =1.428

11. (3) According to equation

3 moles of KNO, is produced from 4 mol of HNO,
110 4 110
mol of KNO, is produced from -mol of HNO,
101
J01

WL of HN0,
x63 =91.485
3 101
12. (4) Ba(OH), +2HBr’ BaBr, +2H,0
mmol 0.1
required mmol of HBr = 0.2= 0.02 x V.,
 L.362 L 1362 nt.

2800
|00
MolesofNIH, 28
00.
500
MolesofH,

’ 2NH.
N. (R) l , (g)
Initalmoles
J00 S00
S00-300 200 (N.is limi ng teayeti
Enalmoles
Mass ofNH, formed 200 17 3400 g

4. (I8) 2C0, +3H,0

3 moles
I mole

3xNA x3
310
-3 x6.023 x 102
- 18.069 x 102
No. of water moleculess produced =18.069
= 18 x 10?

15. (3) H
CH,NH, CH, - N-CH,
- |6 + CH,Br
4

CHB CH
CH, -NCH), CH,-N-CH,
CH,Br

CH,NH, CH,GNCHJ,
+3CH,Br
.(1)
3 mol
| mol Imol
-230 g

23
23 g of Cis equal to =0.l mol
230
0.l mole ofA reacts with 0.3 moles of Bto give 0.l mi i
(2) no. of moles of CH,Br used= 0.3
=3 x10’n=3
l6. (875) 2SO, +0, ’ 280,
Limiting reactant
IrPso, =250 mbar
So Pso, -250 mbar
750 mbar
fHNO, IfPo,
hen Pso 0, SO,
2
750 150 mbar
So L.R. is SO,

250, +0, ’ 2S0,

Initial 250 mbar 750 mbar
 Solutic

250 mbar 19.(225) (H(g +204g) sco4R) 211,0

CH,
5mbar 260 mbar moles of water ss proutuced from I mol
water is produced from
molM
mhar Imole of
81
moles of water is produced from 18
i mol of CO,
225 10moles
20. (46)
2.27 mol 6.81 mol of CO, 2NH,
ofCO.
N, 3H,
Initial 56 L.
gnes3
mol excess

olef, gisesx31,25 mol of CO, volume

of0,
, 125md According to Stoichiometry of cquation
Amlof
CO, 20 LNH, is produced from 10 L. N,
L 46 L
+1RnGH,
Thus volume of N, unused = (56 - 10)
6.8]mot 21. (3)
/Med
afs CH,CH,MgBr + CH,OH ’CH,Iml-CH,{g)
- 224t
I mol
adofgives molof'H.o 2.24 10 mol
Mole of ethane produced=
22400
%gives4 xx2.27 mol of H,0
-9,08 mol of H,0 Mass of ethane 10 x 30
-3* 10 gm

5 mol of0, -3 mg
CH reacts with
reacts with 52 2.27 mol of 0, 22. (2) X+Y+ 3Z -’ XYZ,
malC,H
|1.35 mol of 0, Initial moles 1 1 0.05
mot
11.35= 199 Step 1: To calculate LR
left-312- Imole of Xgives I mole of XYZ,
Imole of Ygives 1mole of XYZ,
3mole of Z, gives I mole of XYZ,
t. 199
681
0.05 mole of Zgives x0.05 mole of XYZ, - 0.016
9,08
6.81 6.81 So L.R is Z
-=0.1902
681+19.9+9.08 35.79 n,, obtained =0,016 mol

-19.02x10 19x\0 Wt of XYZ, obtained is 0.016 x 120 = 2 g

23. (46)
aH 20.4g)’C0.(g) +H,0 CH0,+0,e)’CO,(e) +H,0
100208
Imo! 0.492 g 0.7938 g 0.4428 g
l6
CO, = C
65 mol 6.5 mol
44 g 12 g
6.5 0.7938 g ?
M, x44 =143 g
0.7938
Mass of carbon Fx 12 = 0.2164g
Tefind LR. 44
Islof CH, gives I mol of Co, H,0 2H
1 nal of CH, gives 6.25 mol of CO,
18 g 2g
Ial of 0. gives 1 mol of 0.4428
CO, 0.4428
Mass of Hydrogen x2=0.0492g
tsnl of0,gives ;x6.5 mol of CO, =3.25 mol 18

Total mass of oxygen =0.492 -(0.2164 +0.0492) =0.226-4

5 LRis 0,
0.2264
"co, produced 3.25 mol %of oxygen 100 = 46
0,492
o, Produced 3.25 ×44 = 143 g
S.10 (hemistny
24. (6)

RIOM), H, 29,

L84 10

"alcoholie hydrogen x84 x1o"

92
Mole of H, gas 1.344
6x 10
No. of H 22400
Moles of atoms per
alcoholic molecule of H,
hydrogens =6× |02 2. 30,
92 2x6x 10

25. (180) 184

(MolByaritydilution
), |540xlawx1000450
MY, - M,
|Sx1000)
40 x450 0.1 x $00
50 x40
26. (200) 5x1000x450y Ax9=|80 m
Let M= Molar
mass of the
Mass carbon = 0.01 compound
of
Mx
100
Mole of carbon 0.01 M 60
12
00
Mole of Co, from combustion = 4.4
AAmole of carbon
0.01 M 60 4.4 100 12
12 100 4 M 4
44 60 0.01 200 g'mol.
27. (148)
Molarity =Wx1000
Mu xV
2.6 x103Wx1000
85x671.141
W- 2.6x 10 x85x671.141
1000 =0.148g
Conc. of DCM (in ppm)
0.148
1.49 x 67.141 -x10° =148 ppm
28. (44) 44 gm of CO, contains 12 g
carbon
0.792 gm of CO, contains 92 x12-g of carbon
44

% of carbon = 0.216 x100 -43.9%= 44%

0.492
 29. (227)

|S mole
Imole
0 0.S- 0.5) Imole
I0 mol
Mole ofCO- Imole
10i
(Vasr2.7Lt- 227 x
). (1.39)
Molarity l0,
Br,
Solvent - CCl, Solvent
and 90 nl CC
100ml has 10 mL Br,
=32 g
m= 10 x 3.0
32mol
I60 S
90 × I.6
144g=0.144 kg

5_39= 139 x10

0.144

3I. (1)
Initial mole
3BaCl,
5
+2Na, PO,
2
-’ Ba,lPOJ, *6N

L.R.
167 2
=l(LR. =Na, P0,)
Mole of Na, PO, Mole of Ba,(PO,),

Maximum number of mole of Ba,(PO), =I mal.

32. (224)
bon +H,‘
Mg +2HCI’ MgCI,
1 mole Imole
0gmol.
w= 2.4 g
0.1 mole 0.l mole
mole of gas at STP
22.4lit.
gas =0.| x 22,4
.0.l nole of
10litre
=2.24 lit= 224 x
33. (100) + CO,
+ H,0
M,CO, + HCI ’ 2 MCI 0.01 mole
0.02 mole
1g conservation of carbon atom
principle of atomic
From CO, x I
= Mole of
Mole of M,CO, x I
I_x=(0.01) x1
(MM)
M,CO, = 100 gmol
molar mass of
 .11
Solutions

Complete Neutrallzation. ’ Neutralization cquation

mula, Stolchlomery S0 x1
1 X - 100 mL.
o inSolutions Mixtures and
cquation is
acid so complete
"O, is monobasic
ultingsolutionis given by
n ofa
result
2H;0
750x0,5+250 x 2 H, PO, + NaOHNaH, PO, +
750+260 875-0875
1000
M
MAVA MyV 100×2.xr200 ml.
Na.SO, ’ CaSo, +2NaOH hypophosphorous acid (H,PO,)
O-(10) Phosphinic acid or
H,PO, +NaOH’ Natt, PO, +H,0
2000
=14mmol
142 H ion)
replaceable
eagent(L.R
(t contains only one
lmiiag (N= M)
angor Ca(OH), Na,S0, (N,V)oN;V;hae
J00
0.1 10= 0.! x(Vnthuc
whametrie
n) NaOH- 10 mL
ae 14<100 7. (525) 3PbSO, +2Cr(NO,),
JPb(NO,), +Ch(SO,), D
LR
is
AiSO,
S yieldsI mole of CaSO, =136g Moles of Ataken 5.25 x 10
eafNa,SO,
yiclds l4 mmol of CaSO. Moles of B taken = 2.4 x 10
ummlof Na,SO,136 x14 Step 1: To find L.R
-1.9g mole of C
1000 mole of Aproduce 3
Ace. to cquation 3 mole of C
COH inne produce 5.25 x10
NaS0, yields 2 moles of So, 5.25 x l0mole ofA
Ioeof of C
Na.SO, yields 2 14 28 mmol of OHH jons Imole of Bproduces 3moles 24 x 10 moles of C
olof produces 3 x
Wlarconcentration[OHH 24 x 10mole of B
no, ofmmol 24 x 10°mole of B
produces 7.2 x 10° moles of C
least no. of moles of product.
volume(inmL) LR is that which produces
So, L.R. isA
- 5.25 x 10
280.28 M moles of Cie,PbSO, produced
- 525 x 10
Na0CN + NH, +H.0
NH CONH. + NaOH’ 8. (226) Mole of NaOH:
mol of NH, 1000 mL has 0.5 moles
Imole of urca gives I
I mol of NH,
s 0g of urea gives 250 mL has
0.5
x250 =125x 10° =0.125
a t6g ofurea gives x0.6= 10* mol of NH, 1000
60
Moles of HCI:
NH. +HCl ’ NH,CI 1000 mL has I mol
Inol Imol 500 mL has 0.5 mol
10 mol H + OH’H,0
g eq.
So znswer is (4) as 1000 mL of HCI has 0.I
males 0:5 DI25

000 ml. of HCI has 0.I mol moles of Hunreacted =0,500-0.125 = 0.375
as Z=1 No. of HCl unreacted is 0.375 x 6.02 x 102
0. x100 = 0mol
=2.26 x1026 x 10= 226
So 100 mL of HCI has
000 9.(13) Na.0 + H,0 ’ 2NaOH
I mol 2 mol
Moluriy = Volume strength_ 5.0 -05M
112 20 mal 2xmol
62
M.ww)x10xd
34 s00 mL solution has 40 mol
60
05w'w)x10xlgml
34 1000 ml. solution has 40 1000 =1.29M
60 500
0.5x 34
=12.9x 10M= 13 ×10'M= 13
HPO, s dibasic acid 10. (0) Initial milimoles of H,S0, (in'Lit.) =0.02
so its complete equation vwill be
In 50% solution millimoles of H,SO, = 001
2H,PO, -
4NaOH2Na,HPO, 4H,0
S.17 hemistry
Added mil imoles ofH,SO,001
Total moles of
11.(1) Nomality ol 0,02H.-0,So, 0002
in
result10ing solmumoltion
Acid.Base mixture solution 0

NaNMAAA
0.1*2100 -0.1«1 50
20-5 150
\O0+ 50
150 P0IN 1x 0 N.
12.(12) Molarity of acid 12x10' 1000
24.2 -50 M
NeHAutraNaOH’
lization reactiNadon: H,0
+
+
20

MV -M,V,
[50]× V- (0.24 ×25)
13.(15) 2Na+ 2H,V0.12
0 ml
Number of moles of2NaOH +H,
Na = No, of
moles of NaOH
NaOH + 0.69-003 +
23

(Molarity
HCINaCl
Moles of HCI= moles of H,0
x NaOH
V)uNumber of moles
-0.03
of
NaOH
V=1S x10 Lit = 1S mL.

Percentage Yleld and

Hardness Gravi metric
of Water
1.(2)
Analysis,
Equivalents of CaCO, =Equivalents of
Equivalents of Mg(HCO,), Ca(HCO), t
Or, W
100 0.81.
162 0.73 x2
'.
146
W-10
. 1.0
Hardness \0°
2. (100)
10 molar
I00
=10000ppm
MgSO, -10°moles of
MgSO, present in IL
Mcac(ino,"MtermsMgso CaCO,) 10x100 solution.
Ppm of
x 10"
1000
ppm (in terms of
3. (80) CaC0,) = I00 ppm(Molar mass of CaC0, = 100)
NO
HNO,
H,SO.
Imole
78
 then g should
give 121
obtained ts 49.
B.t afully
492
y 1 e l dts v J00 RO%
615

477

C-l. CH,NHC,H,
388 g
N
(B)
140

0.140 =99x|o4
n 140 5
0 388 -23xj03
169
Acc. to eqn
I moie of c
Imole ofA gives
9.9x
9.9x 10mole ofA gives 10 mole
mole of c of C
Imole of B gives I
23 10 mole of Bgives 2.3 x 10
So LR. is 0.99 x 10
mole of A mole of C
100% then 0.99 x 10
If yield is
obtained i.c., 270.3 x 10g moles ofCto
ie. 0.270g of°C" should be obtained
0.210
So % yield x100 =77.20 =77%
0.270

5. (16)
OH H )
-H,0
H-c-c Lc-H CH, =CH-c
| (A) BI
H H
Imol
74 g
Ifvield is 64% then amount of B' obtained is 28e
Ifyield would have been 100% then amount of 'B' cba

7.648 x100
According to stoichiometric cquation if 56 g of (B) is troh
from 74g ofA.
from ,7.8xI0
x 100g 0f(B) is produced
1.8
ther
64

= 16.01
= 16g
6. (78) COOH
COOH

FeBr, + HBr
+ Br,
Br
A
I mol Imol
122g 20lg
If 100% 201 x6.1
6.l g
yield then 122
= 10.05g

But obtained is 7.8 g

7.8 -x100 = 78%
So %yield =
10.05
 Solutios S.t)

(OO-M$
o17
Hence % purity of H,0, olution 02 3, MW of
GH,NHC-CH. fa tor for F,0,
4. (50) ['n' factor for Cr,0. -6, 'n'
Fe,0,- 144 g mol']
meq of Cr,0; meq of FeC,0,
=1.86g
",N, , V002 6 0288 1 1000
J44
mol C,H,NHC- CH, 0.288 3000
|iNH,gives
, I
I44 0.026
,moles ofCAcetanilide
C;H,NH, V- 50 ml
balanced cquation is
pkesof 3. (50) For Na.CO,. HCItitration
Na,C0,+ 2HCI’ 2NaCl +H,CO,
1S6x132 2. 70g MVM for completion
reaction is 90% only. Given: V, = 10 mlL.
etieciency
of
2.70 x
fast produced a g M, =?
sofAcetanilide 100
M, =0.2 M valuc 5.0 mL
experiments is most precise
143g V, from
243x 10g Mx10 0.2xS
r 243 & moi
M, = 0.0SM = 0,05 =50mM
L
MnCl,+C(g) +2H.0 6. (173)
A+4HCl’+2KCI
-KI’I, CrOH); +So
Na, S,O,
iNS,0,- 2Nal + eq. vf. of Cro -3 v.f.of S,0 =4x 2=8
Mn0, = Milli . of Cl, - Milli eq. of l,- Milli cq.
ie.of Mcq, of CrO M.eq. of S,0
Milli eq. of HyDo
7
Sibpo.
[M.cq = vfxM
Milieq, of Mn0,
=6
3 0.154 x V 8x 0.25 40
ofHypo V= 173.16 mL
M mol
mol ofMn0, 3 7. (4) Methyl orange end point
V
as Mn0, 2Na,S,0, NaHCO, + HCIH,CO,+ NaCl
3x10 molx87,x100 = 13.05% =13 NV=N,V,
M0,
- l = x . 5 x10|Let w.t. of NaOH = x
| 106
Volumetric Analysis and Redox Tratlon 0.4-x= 0.0159 >x0.3841 gm
0.3841
9% of NaOH = 100 : 96.025
H,C.0,+ 2NaOH ’ Na,C,0, +2H,0
NaOH
0.4
% of Na,CO, = I00 96 = 4%
eg of H,C,0, meq. of
H,C,04 =2|
$9 0.5 x 2- 25 x MHX1V.r of V.f of NaOH= 1 |
8.(6) H,C,0, + 2NaOH ’ Na,C,0, + 2H,0
- Mu = 2M NaOH4.4 ml
50 -0.l mol cq. of NaOH =cq. ofH,C,0,
is 50 mL= M XV=Z 1O00
or, Mx4.4 x |- 1.25 x 10x 2
or, M= 5.68 M ’ 6M
.mass of NaOH in 50 mL = 40 x 0.1 = 4g
4 KOH + 9. (3) Let basicity of acid =x
CO,K,CO, Acidity of base =y2
5 for MnOin acidic medium = 5
yAcid + x Base -’ Salt + H,o
for H,0, in acidic medium = 2
On Complete neutralization
iet the mass of pure H,0, - xg
E of MnO Eq, of MVM
H,0,
10x0.1 30x0.05

r-3