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Section 2c-1D Conduction Heat Generation
Section 2c-1D Conduction Heat Generation
d2 T q
2
+ =0
dx k
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 3
Plane wall
◼ Integrating the previous equation leads to the general solution:
q 2
T=− x + C1 x + C 2
2k
◼ For this system, we have the following boundary conditions:
❑ B.C. 1: T(-L) = Ts,1
Note that boundaries are at –L and +L
❑ B.C. 2: T(+L) = Ts,2
Ts ,2 − Ts ,1 q 2 Ts ,1 + Ts ,2
C1 = and C2 = L +
2L 2k 2
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 4
Plane wall
q L2 x 2 Ts ,2 − Ts ,1 x Ts ,1 + Ts ,2
T (x ) = 1 − 2 + +
2k L 2 L 2
◼ The heat flux at any point in the wall can thus be determined using
the above equation with Fourier’s law.
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 5
Plane wall
◼ The previous equation simplifies when both surfaces are maintained
at the same temperature (Ts,1 = Ts,2):
q L2 x2
T (x ) = 1 − 2 + Ts
2k L
q L2
where: Tmax T0 = + Ts
2k
T (x ) − T0 x
2
=
Ts − T0 L
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 6
Plane wall
◼ The equations developed so far require that the surface
temperature (Ts) be known. However, it is common that only the
temperature of the adjoining fluid (T∞) is known, rather than Ts.
◼ We can use the following boundary condition for this scenario:
dT
−k = h(TS − T )
dx x =L
q L
Ts = T +
h
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 7
Plane wall (Example)
◼ Let’s consider one dimensional conduction in the plane composite
wall below. The outer surfaces are exposed to a fluid at 25°C and a
convection heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m
.
2·K. The middle
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 8
Cylindrical system
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 9
Cylindrical system
1 d dT q
r + =0
r dr dr k
q 2
T (r ) = − r + C1 ln r + C 2
4k
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 10
Cylindrical system
q ro2 r2
T (r ) = 1 − 2 + Ts
4k ro
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 11
Cylindrical system
◼ The temperature distribution can be simplified to the following non-
dimensional form, based on the temperature at the center (Tc):
T (r ) − Ts
2
r
= 1 −
TC − Ts ro
◼ For a problem where only the bulk fluid temperature is known, an
overall energy balance on the cylinder can be used as follows:
( )
q ro2 L = h(2 ro L )(Ts − T )
q ro
Thus: Ts = T +
2h
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 12
Cylindrical system (Example)
1D steady-state conduction
(Heat generation) 13